Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum samples from persons who lived in areas where onchocerciasis occurred or who had filariasis were examined with the complement fixation test and the indirect hemagglutination test for the presence of antibodies against crude extracts from Dirofilaria immitis, Onchocerca volvulus, Dipetalonema viteae, and Ascaris suum. The results could be interpreted as follows: 1. The indirect hemagglutination test was more sensitive than the complement fixation test for the demonstration of antibodies in sera from European and indigenous inhabitants of endemic areas. 2. There were no differences between the responses to the four crude worm extracts among the groups of 21 patients with Loa loa, 12 patients with Onchocerca volvulus, 11 patients with Dipetalonema perstans, and 22 patients with clinical filariasis in whom no microfilaria had been found. It was concluded that the examination with crude extracts cannot give any information about the antigens that had caused the stimulation of antibodies.
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PMID:[Immunological diagnosis of filariosis in persons returning from tropical countries and in European and indigenous inhabitants of endemic areas (author's transl)]. 27 33

Human filariasis and its vectors are little known in Ethiopia. Wuchereia bancrofti is confined to the western lowlands and cannot be the aetiological agent of elephantiasis in the highlands. Onchocerca volvulus is widespread in the south-western highlands. Loa loa and Dipetalonema perstans are reported here for the first time and appear to be uncommon. Studies were conducted in 1973, mostly near Jimma in Kaffa Province, on potential vectors of all but the first of these parasites. Among Simuliidae, the only blackflies of apparent medical importance were S. woodi ethiopiense and a possibly new member of the S. damnosum complex. The former is less seasonal and much less numerous than the latter, but may be more widespread and important along smaller and higher streams. Onchocerca larvae were recovered from "damnosum", but not from the small number (46) of ethiopiense examined. In August, at the height of the rainy season, the biting-rate of ethiopiense at 1,710 m altitude on the Gilgil Ghibe river reached 9.5/man-hour at 10-1100 hours and about 12/man-hour at 14-1600 hours. At the same time and place, the attack of "damnosum" reached a midday climax of about 1,800/man-hour; this peak could be delayed or suppressed by rain. Another possibly anthropophilic blackfly, S. dentulosum, tended to become most common in December afer the rainy season had passed, but proved incompetent to bite man successfully. The only feasible loiasis vector found in Ethiopia was Chrysops streptobalius; however, this tabanid was not closely associated with man. Up to 34/man-day were caught in watermeadows by the Gojeb river (altitude 1,160 m) in October. Man-biting species of Ceratopogonidae in various parts of Ethiopia were Culicoides fulvithorax, C. grahamii, C. kingi and C. milnei. The first two of these were anthropophilic in lowlands, but apparently not so in highlands. C. milnei was extremely abundant biting man highlands. C. milnei was extremely abundant biting man and domestic animals both indoors and outdg cycle was irregular, usually displaying a succession of ill-define nocturnal peaks; sometimes it attacked in daylight. Up to 35,000 C. milnei per trap-night were caught in light traps. Most of the females entering light traps in a stable were already engorged with blood. It seemed very likely that C. milnei would prove to be of veterinary importance. No firm indication was obtained as to what may transmit D. perstans in Ethiopia.
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PMID:Man-biting species of Chrysops meigen, Culicoides latreille and Simulium latreille in Ethiopia, with discussion of their vector potentialities. 87 92

The full length cDNA of the immunodominant Ov33 protein of Onchocerca volvulus was expressed in E. coli using various vector constructs. Expression was best with the vectors pGEX2T and pCG808fx, yielding fusion protein Ov33-GST and Ov33-MBP, respectively. Purified fusion protein Ov33-GST and O. volvulus antigen extracts (OvAg) were used to compare antibody responses (IgM and IgG-subclasses) of patients infected with O. volvulus, Brugia malayi, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans/Loa loa and of Sudanese control sera. Sera of all groups contained IgM reacting with Ov33-GST and with OvAg. There was no IgG1 response to Ov33-GST. IgG1 responses to OvAg were only detected in filariasis sera. IgG2 and IgG3 responses were not detectable or marginal in all groups. The IgG4 reaction of onchocerciasis patients to Ov33-GST and to OvAg was high, whereas few other filariasis sera contained IgG4 antibodies to Ov33-GST and to OvAg. A serodiagnostic test for onchocerciasis based on detection of IgG4 to Ov33-GST had a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 96%. An epitope common to Ov33 and to the homologous proteins of other filarial species was demonstrated with a monoclonal antibody. Purified Ov33-MBP fusion protein was used to follow the development of the antibody response of four chimpanzees experimentally infected with O. volvulus. The data indicates that antibodies to Ov33 are induced by developing worms and later parasite stages.
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PMID:Specific and sensitive IgG4 immunodiagnosis of onchocerciasis with a recombinant 33 kD Onchocerca volvulus protein (Ov33). 128 26

A total of 2,552 persons living in 9 villages along the Benue river valley, Mutum Biyu district of Gongola State, Nigeria were examined between October and December 1989 for filariasis. It is the first time a filariasis survey will be carried out in this state. 276 (10.8%) had Wuchereria bancrofti, 50 (2.0%) had Loa loa, 281 (11.0%) were positive for Mansonella perstans while 12 (0.5%) were positive for Onchocerca volvulus. Villages located near the Benue river had higher prevalence rates than those further away. Dermatitis and hydrocoele were common and clinical manifestations were associated with parasite types. Clinical symptoms without microfilaremia and microfilaremia without clinical symptoms were also observed.
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PMID:Filariasis in Gongola State Nigeria. I: Clinical and parasitological studies in Mutum-Biyu District. 141 17

The complete coding sequence of Onchocerca volvulus myosin heavy chain has been determined from a series of overlapping cDNAs. The protein sequences from the 2 filarids, one responsible for subcutaneous filariasis, the other for lymphatic filariasis, show 92% identity, and are 1957 amino acids long. Each protein sequence is also equally related, with 75% identity, to MHC-B, the protein encoded by the unc-54 gene of the free-living nematode C.elegans. Such analysis is useful in phylogenetic studies among nematodes, as well as in structure-function relationships among myosin isolates.
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PMID:Comparison of the body wall myosin heavy chain sequences from Onchocerca volvulus and Brugia malayi. 174 Oct 12

We have previously shown that an Onchocerca volvulus cDNA clone in lambda gt-11 designated OvG15, potentially encoding a peptide homologous to the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), was recognized by sera of many individuals living in a zone endemic for lymphatic filariasis and most strikingly by sera from amicrofilaremic individuals including endemic normals, those with chronic symptoms and TPE patients. Few asymptomatic microfilaremics recognized the Hsp70. We have now used the insert from the OvG15 clone to isolate the homologous gene from Brugia malayi and analyze its primary structure and expression. The data presented in this communication describe a heat-inducible member of the hsp70 gene family of B. malayi which demonstrates intriguing features of tissue specific basal level expression, developmental regulation and heat inducibility.
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PMID:Characterization of an hsp70 gene from the human filarial parasite, Brugia malayi (Nematoda). 177 66

A total of 2552 persons living in 9 villages along the Benue river valley, Mutum-Biyu district of Gongola State, Nigeria were examined between October and December 1989 for filariasis. It is the first time a filariasis survey will be carried out in this State. 276 (10.8%) had Wuchereria bancrofti, 50 (2.0%) had Loa loa, 281 (11.0%) were positive for Mansonella perstans while 12 (0.5%) were positive for Onchocerca volvulus. Villages located near the Benue river had higher prevalence rates than those further away. Dermatitis and hydrocoele were common and clinical manifestations were associated with parasite types. Clinical symptoms without microfilaremia and microfilaremia without clinical symptoms were also observed. The study will fill the gap in our knowledge of filariasis in this part of Nigeria.
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PMID:Filariasis in Gongola State Nigeria. I: Clinical and parasitological studies in Mutum-Biyu district. 180 69

We report here a panel of cDNA clones from Onchocerca volvulus which were isolated on the basis of being uniquely recognised by onchocerciasis sera and not by sera from patients infected with the major lymphatic filarial nematode parasite Wuchereria bancrofti. Over 90% of O. volvulus recombinants from a primary screen were found to cross-react with lymphatic filariasis sera and were discarded. The subset of specific clones, selected with pooled sera, was then screened with panels of individual patient sera. Individual onchocerciasis cases showed a highly heterogeneous pattern of recognition of recombinant peptides, but several clones were identified which could be combined in a cocktail of antigenic epitopes to successfully detect all infected cases in the study. All these clones encode low molecular weight proteins of the parasite, confirming earlier reports that antigens of this size class show greater species specificity. Several clones encode proteins of 20-23 kDa, the same molecular weight range as the major surface protein of adult worms. The two most commonly recognised clones, Ov22/31M and Ov20/36M were subcloned into the vector pNGS 8 which produces fusion proteins attached to a polyasparagine leader. The fusion peptides of both Ov22/31M and Ov20/36M were soluble and easily purified by gel filtration. Purified fusion protein was used in ELISA to assess reactivity of infected patients giving 90% sensitivity with 100% specificity.
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PMID:cDNA clones of Onchocerca volvulus low molecular weight antigens provide immunologically specific diagnostic probes. 192 97

This report summarizes the findings of the 17 published studies involving humans who have been experimentally infected with filarial parasites. Over the past 60 years, 45 individuals have been deliberately infected with Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi, Loa loa, Mansonella perstans, Mansonella ozzardi, and/or Onchocerca volvulus. The findings from these experimental infections of humans have helped define microfilarial survival and periodicity within human hosts, the prepatent period for the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis, etiologic agents for particular clinical syndromes, immunologic and hematologic consequences of filarial infection, and the role of chemotherapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of filarial infections.
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PMID:Experimental infection of humans with filariae. 196 76

A monoclonal antibody, Og4C3, directed against antigens of Onchocerca gibsoni (but not phosphorylcholine) has been used in a sandwich ELISA to detect a circulating antigen of Wuchereria bancrofti in human serum. The interfering effect of host antibody was reduced by first boiling one part of serum for 5 min in the presence of three parts of 0.1 M Na2EDTA, pH 4.0. A total of 119 sera from individuals and 8 pooled sera from clinically and/or parasitologically defined cases of filariasis, plus 8 individual and 1 pooled endemic control sera, all from the filariasis serum bank of the World Health Organisation, as well as 20 non-endemic control sera, were screened with the assay. Circulating antigen was detected in serum from people infected with W. bancrofti but not Brugia malayi. B. timori, O. volvulus or Loa loa, and not in endemic or non-endemic controls. Of the 68 sera from W. bancrofti-infected subjects, 55/55 parasitologically confirmed and 12/13 clinically confirmed but amicrofilaraemic cases reacted in the assay. A weak but significant correlation (r2 = 0.4016) was found between numbers of microfilariae in blood and detectable levels of circulating antigen from patients with bancroftian filariasis.
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PMID:A highly specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating antigen in bancroftian filariasis. 207 84


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