Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients aged 1 month to 12 years admitted with an acute abdominal surgical condition comprising 226 cases with and 206 cases without ascariasis, recorded in the operation theatre registers and in-patients clinical sheets, were studied in relation to morbidity, duration of operation and hospital stay and mortality. Annually, 7.5% of laparotomies were due to complications of ascariasis. Operations for ascariasis accounted for 10.6% of all hospital admissions for an acute abdominal emergency. Also, ascariasis accounted for 26.3% of emergency operations. All operated biliary obstruction cases were due to ascariasis. Moreover, 20.4% of all cases of ascariasis with abdominal complications required operation. The mean ages at operation were higher in Ascaris-induced than in non-Ascaris-induced intestinal obstruction (5.1 vs 3 yr), intussusception (3.5 vs 1.2 yr) and volvulus (4.8 vs 1.7 yr). The durations of operation and hospital stay were longer and case fatality rates higher in Ascaris-induced than in non-Ascaris-induced cases. The importance of this study in relation to the socio-economic benefits of controlling ascariasis is discussed.
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PMID:Role of ascariasis in surgical abdominal emergencies in the Rangoon Children's Hospital, Burma. 169 45

Twenty-nine patients in whom small bowel volvulus complicated intestinal ascariasis are reported. Attention is drawn to the varied clinical and radiological presentation and the relationship of volvulus to the use of vermifuge. The mortality of 17 per cent was contributed to by delay in diagnosis and failure of pre-operative resuscitation. Early diagnosis is dependent upon clinical vigilance and repeated radiological assessment of those patients with simple ascaris obstruction who fail to improve rapidly with conservative treatment. The instillation of intraluminal vermifuge intra-operatively has minimized postoperative worm migration through suture lines and anastomoses.
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PMID:Small bowel volvulus complicating intestinal ascariasis in children. 333 61

Levamisole is a drug of choice for treatment of ascariasis. With recommended dosages, it is virtually free of side effects. Single doses of 50 to 150mg will eliminate all parasites in 90 to 100% of ascariasis patients irrespective of worm burden. Activity against hookworms has been demonstrated for levamisole but the most effective treatment regimen has not been determined. Further drug trials are needed for better assessment of efficacy. Levamisole has little or no curative action on infections with whipworms and pinworms. It may have some activity against strongyloides but confirmatory studies are needed. It has been shown that levamisole has significant activity against microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. It is not, however, as effective as diethylcarbamazine ('Hetrazan'), and side reactions are greater. In tolerated doses, levamisole does not have significant action on adult forms or microfilariae of Onchoceea volvulus. The drug applied topically, however, may find a place in treatment of ocular onchocerciasis. Limited trials with levamisole for toxoplasmosis and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis have given promising results, and further studies are indicated.
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PMID:Use of levamisole in parasitic infections. 699 94

An autogenous oral E. coli vaccine was tested for efficacy in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea in dogs (n = 82) and cats (n = 50) under field conditions. The data were collected through evaluation of questionnaires completed and returned by veterinarians. After oral application of the E. coli vaccine the symptoms of diarrhoea were stopped in 71% of the treated animals within two to five days. In further 15% of the cases the enteric symptoms continued but were not so severe as in the beginning of the treatment. There was no therapeutic success with the oral E. coli vaccine in further 14% of the animals in cause of food allergy, ascariasis, volvulus or pancreatic insufficiency.
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PMID:[Treatment of chronic diarrhea in dogs and cats under field conditions using oral E. coli vaccines]. 779 81

Serodiagnostic assays for onchocerciasis based on native antigens are hampered by the scarcity of antigen, and they suffer from poor specificity. The present study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of recently described recombinant Onchocerca volvulus antigens OC 3.6 and OC 9.3 in enzyme immunoassays. The recombinant proteins were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusions and were tested in several enzyme immunoassay formats to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 antibodies with sera from patients with onchocerciasis in Nigeria and with various types of control sera. The best results were obtained by measuring IgG4 antibodies to the fusion proteins. Forty of 42 (95%) serum specimens from patients with onchocerciasis were reactive with OC 3.6; the reactivity with OC 9.3 was 81%. Results obtained with sera from experimentally infected chimpanzees suggest that OC 3.6 might be especially useful for detecting prepatent infections in humans, while OC 9.3 mainly detects mature, patent infections. Sera from individuals in Nigeria and the United States residing in areas nonendemic for onchocerciasis were uniformly nonreactive with these antigens in IgG and IgG4 assays, as were sera from patients with bancroftian filariasis, brugian filariasis, loiasis, ascariasis, schistomiasis, and dracunculiasis. These results suggest that enzyme immunoassays based on the recombinant antigens OC 3.6 and OC 9.3 are useful for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis.
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PMID:Preliminary evaluation of recombinant Onchocerca volvulus antigens for serodiagnosis of onchocerciasis. 834 49

A retrospective study of 50 consecutive patients with small-bowel volvulus complicating intestinal ascariasis is reported. The commonest presenting features were abdominal distension (44 patients) and abdominal pain (38 patients). Thirty-three patients presented with vomiting, of whom 8 vomited worms. Twenty-five patients presented with peritonitis. In 33 patients there was evidence of worm infestation on radiographs while volvulus was diagnosed radiographically in 16 patients. Thirty-two patients required emergency surgery, while 16 were observed for a mean of 2.6 days before surgery. Thirty-nine patients had gangrenous bowel that required resection. The overall mortality rate was 14.5% and all deaths were from the gangrenous group. The results show that volvulus complicating ascariasis still carries a high mortality and morbidity rate. We stress the importance of early detection and early operative intervention.
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PMID:Surgical management of worm volvulus. 862 87

Many dangerous surgical complications like intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis with perforation, ileal perforation in a typhoid patient, Meckel's diverticulitis, disruption of post operative intestinal anastomosis, volvulus, and intussusception are known to occur due to ascariasis, with considerable morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective study of 250 cases of gastrointestinal ascariasis admitted in paediatric surgical wards of Govt. Medical College, Jabalpur (MP), the authors analysed the results of conservative (especially the use of hypertonic saline enema-given just like an ordinary soap water enema but substituting freshly made hypertonic saline in place of soap water) and surgical treatment. The success rate of conservative treatment was 95.6%. Hypertonic saline passes through the incompetent ileo-caecal valve (present in 80% of children) and irritates the worm bolus commonly situated in the terminal ileum, causing it to disintegrate. It also helps to increase the intestinal motility and passage of worms into the colon. The use of hypertonic saline enema is safe and effective in the conservative treatment of gastrointestinal ascariasis. Authors feel that it is the most grossly under utilized part of conservative treatment and deserves to be known and used on wider scale.
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PMID:Hypertonic saline enema in gastrointestinal ascariasis. 1079 28

Through the Red Wolf Species Survival Plan, the captive red wolf (Canis rufus) population was developed with the intent of reestablishing wild populations. One part of the plan was a survey for diseases that might occur as a result of population homogeneity or that might impede breeding success and reintroduction. For this survey, complete necropsies and histopathologic analyses were performed on 62 red wolves from 1992 to 1996. Major causes of 22 neonatal deaths were parental trauma, parasitic pneumonia, and septicemia. Common neonatal lesions included pododermatitis and systemic ascariasis. Cardiovascular anomalies and systemic parasitism were found in two juveniles. Causes of death in the 38 adults included conspecific trauma, neoplasia, or gastrointestinal diseases such as necrotizing enteritis, intestinal perforation, and gastric volvulus. Lymphosarcoma represented 50% of the fatal neoplasms. Three adults died from cardiovascular failure or hyperthermia during handling, and several adults were euthanized for suspected genetic diseases. Overall, the captive population had few significant health problems, but population fitness might be improved by continued removal of potentially deleterious genes from the breeding population and by modifying the husbandry of neonates and adults.
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PMID:Survey of necropsy results in captive red wolves (Canis rufus), 1992-1996. 1088 16

Although infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides causes various intestinal complications, massive gastrointestinal bleeding is rare. The authors report on 2 infants who presented with massive hematemesis. In the first patient, a gastroduodenoscopy was performed. Roundworms were found adhering to an oozing duodenal ulcer. Duodenal perforation occurred after extraction of the parasites. The second case was hematemesis together with peritonitis. Exploration found volvulus and a gangrenous segment of the distal ileum. Both infants previously passed roundworms with their stool. The authors conclude that the intestinal ascariasis can be a cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in temperate and tropical countries.
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PMID:Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in infants with ascariasis. 1461 30

Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone. It causes paralysis in many nematodes and arthropodes because of its effect on ion-channels in cell membranes. Ivermectin was first used in veterinary medicine. In man, it was shown to be microfilaricid against Onchocerca volvulus. Most of the adverse reactions following treatment were mild, without the systemic and ocular side effects usually complicating diethylcarbamazine therapy. In endemic areas after repeated administration of ivermectin, a dramatic reduction in dermal microfilarial load was observed, resulting in a decrease in transmission. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of anterior segment lesions in the eyes and acute onchocercal skin disease. Moreover, ivermectin also exhibited microfilaricidal activity against Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Annual mass treatment with a single dose of diethylcarbamazine alone, or associated with ivermectin, was initiated in endemic areas for lymphatic filariasis. The preliminary results showed a decrease in the reservoir of microfilariae and rate of transmission, a reduction in the frequency of clinical lymphatic abnormalities due to bancroftan filariasis. In Loa loa infections ivermectin decreases microfilaremia, but serious adverse events such as encephalopathy can be induced in patients with high rate of microfilaremia. Ivermectin appears to be the drug of choice in Strongyloides stercoralis infections, a single dose is highly effective with less frequent side effects than thiabendazole. Oral ivermectin is an alternative to topical scabicides, it appears as effective as local treatment for common scabies, but there are few comparative studies. The best indications for ivermectin in this ectoparasitic infection could be the outbreak in institutions and crusty scabies, but in association with topical treatment. The precise position of this agent in the treatment of scabies remains to be specified. Ivermectin is also affective in the treatment of ascariasis and cutaneous larva migrans. It could also be a promising treatment for head lice.
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PMID:[Ivermectin]. 1531 39


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