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Query: UMLS:C0042961 (volvulus)
 4,305 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Water samples were collected from breeding sites of species of the Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnoslm complex in Upper Volta, Liberia and Cameroon during the dry season; and in Tanzania and Kenya at various seasons during a period of two years. The following 20 factors were analysed at 45 breeding sites: water temperature, current velocity, pH value, conductivity free carbon dioxide, oxygen content, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, total iron and organic substance (consumption of potassium permanganate). A number of notable differences in the chemical composition of the water of the breeding sites of 13 S. damnosum complex species were found, particularly with regard to the pH and conductivity. On the basis of these differences the various species can be divided into three main groups: Group I: 3 species (S. sanctipauli, S. yahense, "Menge"); breeding in sites with pH values always below 7 and conductivity values below 50 mumhos. Group II: 8 species (S. sirbanum, S. sudanense, S. damnosum s.s., S. squamosum, "Sanje", "Nkusi", "Nyamagasani", "Jovi"); breeding in watercourses with neutral, weakly acid or weakly alkaline reactions and conductivity values ranging from 50 to 150 mumhos. Group III: 2 species ("Kibwezi", "Kisiwani"); breeding in watercourses characterized by highly alkaline reactions with pH values between 7.7 and 10 and by conductivity values between 400 and 950 mumhos. The vectors of Onchocerca volvulus are included in group I and II only.
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PMID:The hydro-chemical and physical conditions of the environment of the immature stages of some species of the simulium (Edwardsellum) damnosum complex (Diptera). 1 1

Soluble antigen was prepared from adult worms and microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. In 27 patients clinically characterized as having generalized type (17) and localized reaction type (10) onchocerciasis, the response to this antigen was assessed in vivo by skin testing and in vitro by leucocyte migration inhibition assay. Three varieties of skin hypersensitivity were observed: Immediate, Arthus-type and delayed or type IV hypersensitivity. The first 2 occurred in all patients, but type IV hypersensitivity was noted only in 10, eight of whom had localized reactive type onchocerciasis, whilst the other 2 had mild generalized lesions which had for the most part healed with treatment. The leucocyte migration inhibition assay showed a spectrum of responsiveness with significant inhibition in the presence of antigen in 8 patients with localized lesions and in 2 others with mild generalized disease which had largely healed.--The specificity of the skin reaction and leucocyte migration inhibition to the antigen used was confirmed by the results obtained when a control group of 18 subjects, with no evidence of previous filarial infection, was similarly tested. 16 of them showed no skin hypersensitivity and 2 had a doubtful immediate reaction. No significant inhibition of leucocyte migration in the presence of antigen was noted in this group.
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PMID:Immunological studies on onchocerciasis. Varying skin hypersensitivity and leucocyte migration inhibition in a clinical spectrum of the disease. 3 81

The presence of IgE antibodies to antigen 5 of Echinococcus granulosus was detected by means of radioimmunoelectrophoresis in the sera of two of six patients infected with E. multilocularis. Sera from three of these patients gave a precipitin band in gel diffusion tests identical to that produced by a monospecific rabbit anti-E. granulosus antigen 5 serum, when tested against whole hydatid fluid. Sera from 19 individuals infected with Fasciola hepatica, 20 with Schistosoma mansoni, and 5 with with Taenia saginata showed no detectable antibodies against antigen 5 of E. granulosus, The monospecific rabbit anti-E. granulosus antigen 5 serum did not react in immunodiffusion with homologous antigen when absorbed with either 4 mg/ml of whole hydatid fluid or with 200 mg/ml of a soluble E. multilocularis extract. Absorption of the monospecific antiserum with crude antigens of either F. hepatica, Onchocerca volvulus, S. mansoni, or T. saginata did not abolish the reaction with antigen 5. It appears, therefore, that antigen 5 can no longer be considered specific for E. granulosus, but is also present in E. multilocularis. In the light of this observation, some reevaluation of immunodiagnostic tests in hydatid disease will be necessary.
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PMID:Further observations on the specificity of antigen 5 of Echinococcus granulosus. 6 14

Several drugs were investigated for action against Onchocerca volvulus in chimpanzees. Pentamidine at 4 mg/kg daily for 16 days had no filaricidal action; nor did stibocaptate at 10 mg/kg monthly for 8 months. Hoechst 33258, a substituted bis-benzamidazole, showed micro- and macrofilaricidal activity; F151 (an arsenical compound) showed a purely macrofilaricidal action; and Compound E (a reaction product of Hoechst 33258 and F151) was micro- and macrofilaricidal. The toxicity of the three last-mentioned compounds was high, and further trials were not made. Nifurtimox, at doses of up to 40 mg/kg for 10 days, was shown not be microfilaricidal, but there was a suggestion that this drug may have some macrofilaricidal action.
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PMID:The effects of some drugs--pentamidine, stibocaptate, Hoechst 33258, F 151, compound 'E' and Nifurtimox--on Onchocerca volvulus in chimpanzees. 7 88

Histochemical differentiation of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae from 164 patients in West African rain-forest (Liberia), Sudan-savanna (Upper Volta), Guatemala and the Yemen has been carried out using a staining method for the demonstration of acid phosphatase. Intrauterine microfilariae showed considerable changes in their enzyme activity during embryonic development which are probably associated with the maturation of the parasite before migration to the tissues. Five distinct types of staining patterns could be distinguished among microfilariae from the skin according to the localization of the enzyme in specific structures of the microfilaria. Two or more types of staining patterns were found in most persons in the different geographic regions. There were significant differences in the overall distribution of the various staining patterns in persons from the different areas. At the present state of our knowledge, little is known about the nature and significance of these differences in the staining patterns of microfilariae. The question of whether they can be ascribed to an ageing process, strain differences or other factors is discussed.
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PMID:Histochemical enzyme-staining patterns of onchocerca volvulus microfilariae and their occurrence in different onchocerciasis areas. 8 19

Onchocerca ochengi, an intradermal filarial parasite of cattle in Africa, was shown to develop normally to the infective stage in a member of the Simulium damnosum complex, almost certainly S. sanctipauli. The development of the parasite in the thoracic musculature and head of the fly was completed in 6 days at an ambient temperature of 25-30 degrees C. The larvae were very similar in rates of development, morphology and distribution to those of the human parasite O. volvulus in the same vector. No histochemical differences were found in the enzyme staining of O. ochengi distinct from the pattern described earlier for O. volvulus.
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PMID:The development of Onchocerca ochengi (nematoda: filariodea) to the infective stage in Simulium damnosum s.l. with a note on the histochemical staining of the parasite. 9 Apr 13

A case report is given of a patient, who had a volvulus of the afferent loop after Billroth II operation; on relaparotomy it was found, that this loop had slipped cranially through the mesocolic slit, twisted, and become gangreneous, due to bad adjustement of the slit. Increased levels of serum amylase initially had given rise to the suspicion, that the deteriorating condition of the patient was due to pancreatitis. The patient recovered fully after resection had been done and an Y-Roux-anastomosis established. A review is given covering 22 cases from the literature.
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PMID:[Volvulus of the afferent loop after Billroth II operation (author's transl)]. 9 34

Absorption studies in rats have shown that intestinal adaptation after catastrophic injury can be stimulated by early enteral feeding. Using this concept, we have devised a technique of early initiation and advancement of oral feedings that begins with Cho-Free and Polycose and gradually adds sucrose and MCT in increasing proportions. The increasing complexity and caloric density of this diet provide sufficient nutrition to allow weaning from total parenteral alimentation within 2--3 wk. Our preliminary experience in babies with midgut volvulus, necrotizing enterocolitis, and gastroschisis has been successful and uncomplicated. These patients have demonstrated consistent weight gain and have been spared the complications associated with prolonged parenteral alimentation.
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PMID:Total management of short gut secondary to midgut volvulus without prolonged total parenteral alimentation. 10 24

Three infants with acute gastric volvulus occurring during the first week of life are presented, bringing the total number of cases reported in the neonatal period to nine. Abdominal radiographs and constrast studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract were nearly identical in all three infants and showed a characteristic pattern that allowed unequivocal preoperative diagnosis. It is essential that the radiologist recognize the radiographic features of acute gastric volvulus, since prompt operative intervention is mandatory to prevent late complications, which include gastric perforation and death.
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PMID:Neonatal gastric volvulus. 10 34

Gastric volvulus, organoaxial or mesenteroaxial, is an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction in childhood. It may be suspected on plain radiographic examination of the abdomen and confirmed by upper gastrointestinal series. Seven affected children are described. In childhood, gastric volvulus often coexists with mesenteric abnormalities or with lesions that lead to distention of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Gastric volvulus in childhood. 10 70


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