Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042755 (masculinization)
 2,562 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among various diseases of the adrenals, major disorders that cause sexual and gonadal disturbances are congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH) and Cushing's syndrome, and the others include virilizing or feminizing adrenocortical tumors. CAH was reviewed based on the recent advances in molecular genetics. The most striking discovery was steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mutations of which produce lipoid adrenal hyperplasia that was previously attributed to P-450scc deficiency. Reversible amenorrhea or impotence is found in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Low plasma estrogen and testosterone levels are associated with female and male patients, respectively. Elevated adrenal androgen accounts for mild virilization in female patients with ACTH-dependent subtypes. The sites of action at which hypercortisolemia suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis were discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Sexual and gonadal dysfunction in adrenal disorders]. 939 99

The chief dangers reported with some common drugs are reviewed. Hazards of antibiotic therapy include: the increasing incidence of sensitization to penicillin with occasional anaphylactic reactions; aplastic anemia with chloramphenicol, and the poor tolerance of infants for chloramphenicol; staphylococcal enterocolitis; unnecessary "prophylactic" use of antibiotics. Thiazide diuretics may precipitate potassium depletion, skin reactions, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias, gout, diabetes mellitus and hepatic coma. Reserpine can increase gastric acidity, induce mental depression, and when used with digitalis lead to ventricular premature beats. Hydralazine may aggravate angina pectoris, cause tachycardia, and bring about a syndrome resembling disseminated lupus erythematosus. Guanethidine may result in loose stools, impotence, and postural hypotension. Hazards of phenothiazines include jaundice, parkinsonian states and tremors, convulsions, hypotension, and blood dyscrasias. The butanediols have numerous side effects including gastrointestinal, cutaneous and hypotensive reactions. Prolonged corticosteroid therapy introduces a new danger in surgical treatment. The progesterone-like drugs may induce masculinization of the female fetus.
 ...
PMID:Dangers in the use of some potent drugs. 1398 37

Hypogonadism in men is defined as a complex of signs and symptoms due to testosterone deficiency or inappropriate production, which occurs in about 1-2%. Symptoms of hypogonadism depend primarily on the age of the male patients at the time of development of the hypogonadism (pre- or postpubertal). The dominant findings are: impaired puberty, decrease of virilization, infertility or decrease of spermatogenesis, impotence and gynecomastia. Classically hipogonadism is divided into primary (hypergonadotropic) and secondary (hypogonadotropic). The most common causes of primary hypogonadism is Klinefelter's syndrome, while secondary--pituitary tumors. "Peripheral" hypogonadism results from androgen receptor polymorphism. The role of therapy of hypogonadism is to restore or maintain proper spermatogenesis as well as testosterone replacement therapy. Gonadotropin and testosterone therapy is available in treatment of hypogonadism in men. The treatment strategy depends on the age of patient and the goals of therapy (restore of fertility and/or produce and maintain of virilization). The gonadototropins and GnRH are useful in spermetogenesis stimulation. The testosterone replacement therapy is efficacious and safe. Testosterone esters and gels are widely applied.
 ...
PMID:[Pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment of hypogonadism in men]. 1956 24