Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral vestibular equilibrium disorders may originate in various parts of the labyrinth or of the vestibular nerve. Traditionally, the function of the lateral semicircular canals has been assessed by caloric irrigation and has been interpreted (sometimes falsely) as demonstrating a vestibular nerve lesion. The vertical semicircular canals are not assessed easily. Caloric testing with the head in various positions is not very helpful, but the canals may be tested in pairs using specific rotational techniques. Often, the otolith organs, detecting linear acceleration forces, are forgotten as a source of vertigo and dizziness. The extent of otolith involvement in Meniere's disease is not well understood. The tested subject is seated eccentrically in a rotatory chair and faces the direction of rotation. Thus, the otolith organs are stimulated in steady-state rotation. The subject experiences a lateral tilt and, in darkness, is instructed to point a short light bar in the position that he or she thinks a water surface would have (identical to the perceived tilt). Patients with conservatively treated unilateral Meniere's disease were tested. In the eccentric rotation test, the patients with unilateral Meniere's disease showed highly variable, sometimes even paradoxical, responses. No correlation was noted between the eccentric otolith test and pure-tone audiometry or the side difference of the caloric responses. Otolith and lateral semicircular canal functions may differ in patients with Meniere's disease, the nature of which remains to be elucidated in further studies.
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PMID:Subjective Visual Horizontal Determination During Otolith Stimulation by Eccentric Rotation in Conservatively Treated Meniere's Disease. 1075 91

The human illness designated as possible estuarine-associated syndrome (PEAS) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been associated with exposure to estuaries inhabited by toxin-forming dinoflagellates, including members of the fish-killing toxic Pfiesteria complex (TPC), Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae. Humans may be exposed through direct contact with estuarine water or by inhalation of aerosolized or volatilized toxin(s). The five cases reported here demonstrate the full spectrum of symptoms experienced during acute and chronic stages of this suspected neurotoxin-mediated illness. The nonspecific symptoms most commonly reported are cough, secretory diarrhea, headache, fatigue, memory impairment, rash, difficulty in concentrating, light sensitivity, burning skin upon water contact, muscle ache, and abdominal pain. Less frequently encountered symptoms are upper airway obstruction, shortness of breath, confusion, red or tearing eyes, weakness, and vertigo. Some patients experience as few as four of these symptoms. The discovery that an indicator of visual pattern-detection ability, visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), is sharply reduced in affected individuals has provided an objective indicator that is useful in diagnosing and monitoring PEAS. VCS deficits are present in both acute and chronic PEAS, and VCS recovers during cholestyramine treatment coincident with symptom abatement. Although PEAS cannot yet be definitively associated with TPC exposure, resolution with cholestyramine treatment suggests a neurotoxin-mediated illness.
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PMID:Possible estuary-associated syndrome: symptoms, vision, and treatment. 1188 86

We describe two recent cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. A 38-year-old woman developed a severe postural headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed marked dural enhancement. Histopathological findings of dural biopsy showed numerous dilated vessels in the dura, rather than hypertrophic change. Lumber CSF pressure was 5 cmH2O and RI cisternography suggested CSF leakage. A 58-year-old woman with postural headache and vertigo had bilateral subdural haematoma associated with diffuse dural enhancement on MRI. Lumber CSF monitoring confirmed persistent low pressure ranging from 0-5 cm H2O. MRI myelography revealed multiple CSF pouches along the whole spinal axis. CSF leakage was demonstrated on Radioisotope (RI) cisternography. Both cases described in this report were diagnosed as spontaneous intracranial hypotension caused by CSF leakage from spinal meningeal diverticula and were successfully treated by intravenous Factor XIII administration.
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PMID:Evaluation of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: assessment on ICP monitoring and radiological imaging. 1147 59

In the preceding paper, we have investigated the structural heterogeneous character of a series of amorphous samples prepared from various starchy substrates (native potato starch, amylopectin and amylose) following different techniques of preparation (casting, freeze drying and solvent exchange). Spectral decompositions of the C1 resonances of the (13)C CP-MAS (Cross Polarization and Magic Angle Spinning) spectra under (1)H decoupling have shown the existence of five main types of alpha(1-4) linkages. In this part, 2D solid state NMR WISE experiments and the (13)C/(1)H magnetization transfer in CP as a local probe for both structures and dynamics were used. The (13)C CP magnetization curves versus contact time of each C1 component in each recorded spectrum were fitted with an analytic function taking into account two (1)H reservoirs. Interpretation of the characteristic times derived from fitting yields some improvements on the knowledge of the heterogeneity of the samples and on the water molecules distribution.
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PMID:NMR local range investigations in amorphous starchy substrates: II-Dynamical heterogeneity probed by (1)H/(13)C magnetization transfer and 2D WISE solid state NMR. 1151 85

The aim of this work was to determine the influence of cochlear implantation (CI) on vestibular canal and otolithic function. Between 1995 and 1999, 15 patients (6 females, 9 males; 9-77 years old) underwent a vestibular examination before and after CI. Electronystagmography was performed between 5 and 8 days after CI in 9 patients, and with a time delay of 2-24 months in 10 patients. Pre- and postoperative evaluation included electronystagmography with caloric (44 degrees C, 30 degrees C, ice-water) and pendular rotatory testing. Otolithic function was measured postoperatively using off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) in six patients. Preoperative data (n = 14) showed areflexia on caloric and rotatory pendular testing in deafness cases due to meningitis (n = 2) and in 2/5 patients with sudden idiopathic bilateral deafness. Two patients suffering from an idiopathic deafness had a unilateral hyporeflexia. Vestibular function was normal in the other eight patients. Immediately following CI, among patients with normal preoperative canal function, three developed vertiginous symptoms with spontaneous nystagmus, which disappeared within days to weeks. Later, postoperative canal evaluation was normal in 5/8 patients (62%) with initially preserved vestibular function: areflexia was measured ipsilaterally to the implanted ear in 1 patient and contralaterally in 2 patients. Hyporeflexia was measured ipsilateral to the implanted ear in two patients. OVAR examination, performed 2-19 months after surgery, showed a preserved otolithic function in all 6 tested patients. Transient vertigo on electrical CI stimulation was described in only one patient during the first postoperative weeks. The following conclusions can be drawn. Patients with deafness due to meningitis had an eradicated vestibular function. In other etiologies, vestibular function was most often preserved. CI did not usually abolish vestibular function, but the canal function was disturbed temporarily in 20% of cases. Otolithic function was preserved in all six CI patients tested in this series.
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PMID:Vestibular function in patients with cochlear implantation. 1167 37

We undertook a study to assess whether patients who had both spontaneous vertigo and headache would respond to treatment for endolymphatic hydrops rather than treatment for migraine. We also attempted to discover if there were any individual characteristics that might predict which patients with an equivocal history and symptoms would be more likely to have either of the two conditions as opposed to the other. All patients were initially treated for endolymphatic hydrops with sodium restriction and increased water intake. Response to treatment was assessed by three tools: the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, a symptom severity scale, and a disability scale. Patients who did not respond to treatment for endolymphatic hydrops were switched to treatment for migraine. At the first follow-up period, 23 patients were available for analysis by telephone survey. According to data obtained by the three assessment tools, 14 patients (60.9%) improved after initial therapy and six (26.1%) improved following subsequent migraine treatment; the remaining three patients (13.0%) did not comply with their initial treatment regimen, and they showed no improvement. Although no statistically significant conclusions can be drawn because of the small sample size, there were trends to suggest that certain demographic, clinical, and objective-testing characteristics might predict which patients are likely to have one of these two conditions as opposed to the other. We conclude that a stepwise approach to treatment, beginning with therapy for endolymphatic hydrops, is an appropriate strategy. Also, the fact that no improvement was seen among the three patients who did not comply suggests that improvement is indeed the result of treatment rather than simply a function of the passage of time.
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PMID:Spontaneous vertigo and headache: endolymphatic hydrops or migraine? 1177 22

Breynia officinalis has the Chinese proprietary name, Chi R Yun, which means dizziness or vertigo for 7 d. In daily practice, it has been used to treat venereal diseases, contusion, heart failure, growth retardation and conjunctivitis in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines. Two hospital-based cases of Breynia officinalis poisoning have been reported to the Poison Control Center. Case 1 was a 43-y-old female who consumed a mixture of 1500 g lower stem and root of Ji Mu Ju in boiled water in a suicide attempt. Her AST reached 264 and ALT reached 2443. Case 2 was a 51-y-old female who consumed 20 pieces of lower stem and root of Ji Mu Ju stewed with meat and 100 ml of wine to treat chronic contact dermatitis. Her AST reached 3815 and ALT reached 6625. In both cases Breynia officinalis was identified as the cause of poisoning. Poisoning in humans involves the neurologic, gastrointestinal, hepatic, urinary and respiratory systems. Hepatotoxic effects have been reported for some Chinese herbal medicines, but not Breynia officinalis: Breynia officinalis poisoning causes hepatocellular liver injury rather than cholestatic liver injury.
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PMID:Hepatotoxicity caused by Breynia officinalis. 1193 10

Choto-san is a formula used for the treatment of headache and vertigo. Recently it has often also been used for hypertension and dementia. One of the mechanisms involved is thought to be the improvement of blood circulation, but the details are still unclear. In this study, the effect of Chotosan was studied on nitric oxide (NO) function, hemorheological factors and endothelial function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP). Rats were given Choto-san in drinking water for eight weeks. Body weight, blood pressure, serum NO2-/NO3-, lipid peroxides, blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability and endothelium-dependent/-independent relaxation were measured. The results indicated that Choto-san caused a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in erythrocyte deformability and NO function. Blood viscosity was not changed. Furthermore, endothelium-dependent relaxation by acetylcholine was significantly increased as compared to control. In this study, it was supposed that Choto-san had a protective effect on the endothelium. SHR-SP is a useful model for human brain stroke, and Choto-san showed a protective effect against cerebral vascular injury in the susceptible rat.
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PMID:Effects of Choto-san on hemorheological factors and vascular function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 1199 55

A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with sudden diplopia, right ophthalmalgia, and occipital pain. The nature of her headache was continuous, and changing her position provided no relief. Three weeks before her admission, she experienced continuous cough and rhinorrhea during a few days. On admission, her neurological examination revealed right abducens paralysis, and right lateral gaze aggravated diplopia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement by gadolinium. Radioisotope cisternography showed a leak of cerebrospinal fluid from near the third lumbar vertebra. The first lumbar puncture revealed an initial pressure of 0 mm H2O. She was given a diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to a leak of the cerebrospinal fluid. During her hospitalization, she complained of vertigo and nausea. We found horizontal gaze nystagmus to left side and sensorineural deafness in her left ear, which improved in a few days. After treatment by a lumbar epidural continuous infusion of saline and a lumbar epidural blood patch, her headache and abnormal MRI findings had improved. The continuous cough before her admission may be the cause of the leak of cerebrospinal fluid. We had difficulty in diagnosis only by the history and clinical examination, because she had no history of orthostatic headache.
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PMID:[A case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension without any history of positional headache]. 1251 25

The aim of this study was to investigate neural activity during period of vertiginous sensation, induced by caloric stimulation. After caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) by cold water of five volunteers (n=5, age: 30+/-10), auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) during the subsequent period of vertiginous sensations were measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG). Current-arrow maps (CAMs) were produced to estimate the spatial current distribution of the AEF responses, and a rotation value (dI(rot)) was calculated from the CAM. The worth of the dI(rot) values as indicators of vertigo was evaluated by comparing them with earlier reported values for elderly control (n=11, age: 67+/-5) and chronic dizziness (CD) (n=27, age: 68+/-8) groups (obtained from AEF responses with no the CVS). Although all volunteers felt vertigo during the AEF measurements, the AEF waveforms and CAM pattern only showed slight changes. While the dI(rot) values (1.43+/-0.73) just after CVS were not significantly different from those (1.59+/-0.46) for the elderly controls, they were significantly different from those (3.54+/-1.34) for the CD patients. These findings suggest that (i) the new parameter (dI(rot)) is more sensitively indicates dizziness (non-rotatory sensation) than vertigo (ii) the auditory cortical region may play an important role in body-balance perception of floating sensations.
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PMID:Magneto-encephalographic measurement of neural activity during period of vertigo induced by cold caloric stimulation. 1280 89


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