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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has long been known that optokinetic nystagmus may be modified by vestibular inputs. We have suppressed an aberrant vestibular response and associated gastrointestinal sensations by use of an optokinetic stimulus simultaneous to the positional stimulus in a patient with paroxysmal positional vertigo. This single subject study utilized several optokinetic conditions, and patterned its stimulus presentations to control for visual fixation and vestibular habituation. Objective recordings of eye movements (ENG) were made simultaneously with subjective evaluation of "dizziness" on a simple magnitude estimation scale.
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PMID:Optokinetic suppression of aberrant vestibular reactions: an observation. 31 8

Cervical-induced vertigo may be caused by degenerative or functional disorders of the cervical spine. Explaining its pathophysiology, disorders of the cervical spine itself, the vertebral artery and the entire cardiovascular system must be taken into account. 66 patients with signs of cervical-induced vertigo were examined neuro-otologically, the function of the cervical spine was judged by X-ray and clinical examination. Moreover, a special provocation of the cervical spine was made--when patients were sitting and in supine position with the head in different directions--including simultaneous ENG recording. With regard to the complaints of the patients and all clinical findings, a selection could be made in 3 groups of signs: A = the degenerative cervical syndrome, B = the irritative cervical syndrome, C = the vertebralis-basilaris syndrome.
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PMID:[Vertebrogenic dizziness, etiology and differential diagnosis]. 70 May 74

In a 19-year-old man sudden Bell's palsy developed and after 2 days vertigo and peripheral-type nystagmus supervened. ENG demonstrated presence of spontaneous nystagmus on right gaze and lack of excitability of the left horizontal canal. The cerebrospinal fluid was normal, virological examination failed to demonstrate presence of antibodies to zoster virus or a rise of antibodies to enteroviruses. Vertigo and nystagmus disappeared within several days. Bell's palsy regressed later. The results of virological investigations cast doubt on the views of these authors who regard Frankl-Hochwart syndrome as a variety of Ramsay Hung Syndrome. In the presently reported case the possibility of zoster virus being the cause of the disease has been ruled out.
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PMID:[Case of Frankl-Hochwart syndrome (polyneuritis cranials menieriformis)]. 88 15

In patients who complain of vertigo or who have equilibrium disorders, it is often difficult to determine the etiology of the disorder, that is to determine whether it is dependent on a peripheral or central vestibular disorder. To attempt to determine the etiology in these cases, we divised a new method, the caloric eye tracking pattern test (CETP-Test). Seventeen normal subjects and 161 patients were tested. The latter group included 33 with peripheral disorders such as Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus, and others, and 128 with central disorders such as vertebral basilar artery insufficiency, cervical vertigo, and others, were tested. The cases of central disorders were limited to those patients whose eye tracking pattern before the caloric stimulation was normal. In normal subjects and in patients with peripheral disorders, it is well known that caloric nystagmus has little influence on the eye tracking pattern. In contrast, in patients with central vestibular disorders, caloric nystagmus evokes abnormalities on the eye tracking pattern, either superimposed or saccades, despite the fact that the eye tracking pattern before the caloric stimulation is normal. First we administer the eye tracking stimulation test using a target which moves horizontally at 0.3 cycle per second. Next, we perform the caloric test on the right ear, using 20 c.c. of ice water for 10 seconds. During the evoked caloric nystagmus we administer the eye tracking test once again. The eye tracking pattern is recorded for 20 seconds beginning 50 seconds after the start of the ice water injection. The procedure repeated on the left ear. The results on each case are presented as three patterns of ENG-recording. We may stat that in normal subjects and in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders, visual suppression of caloric nystagmus remains functional. Caloric induced nystagmus does not affect the CETP. In patients with central vestibular disorders, visual suppression of caloric nystagmus does not function properly because of defects in the visual suppression mechanism. Therefore, caloric nystagmus greatly influences the CETP. Consequently, the CETP may not be smooth when CETP test is administered to patients with central vestibular disorders. We may say also that the visual suppression to the vestibular nystagmus is evoked more strongly by pursuing a moving visual stimulus than by gazing a stational target. These results allow for a differential diagnosis between peripheral and central disorders.
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PMID:[Simple method of differential diagnosis of peripheral and central vertigo--development of diagnostic method and studies of 178 cases]. 103 43

The aim of the paper was evaluation of behaviour of the balance system in patients with clinical otospongiosis and after stapedectomy. The investigation was carried out in 131 otosclerotic patients. Before and post operation vertigo was noticed and the spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus and directional preponderance in kinetic test were examined in ENG. Vertigo and objective symptoms of disturbance of the vestibular function were found in clinical otospongiosis, but postoperative subjective and objective symptoms were more frequently.
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PMID:[Vertigo in patients with otosclerosis and post stapedectomy]. 140 11

In 285 patients, the observed nystagmus during episodes of PPV was compatible with excitation of the posterior semicircular canal. In these cases, divided in two groups, routine ENG recordings were retrospectively reviewed. In Group A (n = 241), the ENG was performed during the time the vertigo could be elicited; in Group B (n = 44), during the time it could not. In Group A: 1) the velocity of positional nystagmus (not the paroxysmal) was less than 6 degrees/s in 93% of cases; 2) there was no statistical difference of positional nystagmus and post-caloric preponderance of opposite directions, with 66% of cases having symmetrical responses; 3) the velocity of positional nystagmus and the post-caloric preponderance were higher than in Group B. It is concluded that: (i) in most cases no concomitant vestibular dysfunction could be detected; (ii) there was a tendency to restore right-left asymmetricity when the episodes subsided; (iii) ENG recordings were not pathognomonic and did not localize the affected side; (iv) there were ENG findings suggestive of concomitant involvement of other vestibular sensors (canals), in a small number of cases.
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PMID:Electronystagmographic (ENG) findings in paroxysmal positional vertigo (PPV) as a sign of vestibular dysfunction. 206 1

Vestibular tests were performed in more than 600 otoneuological patients. The data analysed included the otoneurological history, audiograms, observation of spontaneous nystagmus, caloric and swing tests, and recording by electronystagmography. The tracings were subjected to summation of the amplitudes of the slow-phase nystagmus and classification of the recording as peripheral (small amplitude, high frequency) or central (dysrhythmia with bouts of high-frequency nystagmus). The correlations between spontaneous nystagmus and directional preponderance in caloric and rotation tests are complex, and our results show that an isolated abnormality has little significance. The expected correlation between hearing loss and unilateral caloric paresis was confirmed. Other lesions, such as peripheral or central ENG tracings and reduced vestibular reaction, did not correlate with any other pathological finding. Directional preponderance and spontaneous nystagmus were significantly more frequent in patients with unilateral caloric paresis than in those with a symmetrical response. The incidence of a peripheral type of ENG tracing, hearing loss and unilateral paresis increased with the age of the patients. Reduced vestibular response, a central type of tracing and directional preponderance did not correlate with age. The well-known variability of the subjective threshold of vertiginous sensations was confirmed by the results in patients with no vertigo, and deserves more attention.
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PMID:[Amplitude summation and the pendulum test as elements of the otoneurologic examination]. 280 5

73 patients with vertigo were studied regarding serum antibodies to Borrelia spirochete antigen, using an indirect immunofluorescence method. Ten patients (14%) had serological evidence of Borrelia infection. All 10 patients had severe, incapacitating vertigo. Four of the Borrelia patients had positional vertigo and all 10 had positional nystagmus when tested using ENG. Five of them had unilateral caloric weakness. Five patients had abnormal oculomotor tests. Borrelia infection is an etiological factor which should be considered in patients suffering from vertigo especially if positional nystagmus is present.
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PMID:Borrelia infection and vertigo. 342 Oct 91

In a Torsion Swing Chair (TSC) test for nystagmus, S is oscillated sinusoidally around the vertical axis with successive cycles diminishing in extent. Channel II of a standard recording ENG traces the chair's movement (differing among Ss according to their weight) while Channel I records S's ENG. A method was devised to quantify S's nystagmus by calculating, for each pair of succeeding cycles, the ratio of the decline in amplitude of the slow phase nystagmic velocity to the decline in amplitude of chair movement. This ratio, relatively constant across cycles, is greater with labyrinthine pathology. Ratios were established with 15 normal young adults as cut-offs for normalcy. The method was applied to 30 patients with peripheral hearing loss whose only complaint was slight vertigo following an acute stage of vertigo. The TSC test was validated by comparing it to the severity of vertigo and to the presence/absence of abnormal results on a standard clinical caloric test in ENG and on standard clinical ECoG. All but 1 of the 30 pts exhibited abnormal results on the TSC test, as compared with 18 for the caloric and 16 for the ECoG. Furthermore, abnormality on the TSC test was more likely to be associated with abnormal results on one or both of the other two tests than were either of the other two tests. It can be concluded that the TSC test is a valid and objective tool useful in ENG practice.
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PMID:The Torsion Swing Chair test: a ratio method for quantifying nystagmus. 361 Sep 87

One hundred and ninety-nine child patients with blunt head injury were examined. Spontaneous and/or positional nystagmus (greater than or equal to 7 degrees/s) was observed immediately after trauma in 46% of cases, 6-12 months (average 10.2 months) later in 20%, and 2-8 years (average 4.7 years) later in 18%. Central ENG disturbances were found immediately after trauma in 43% of cases, 6-12 months later in 24%, and 2-8 years later in 12%. Only 1.5% of the child patients suffered from vertigo more than 6 months after trauma. The results of the study led to the conclusion that head injuries cause about as many similar objective vestibular lesions in children as in adults but fewer subjective symptoms.
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PMID:Vestibular disorders following head injury in children. 387 87


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