Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0042571 (
vertigo
)
7,148
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated neurotoxicity may be an appropriate pathophysiological model with which to explain a variety of inner ear diseases characterized by acute or progressive hearing loss, tinnitus and
vertigo
. The localization of
NO synthase
(
NOS
) isoforms was examined in the inner ear of the pigmented guinea pig after intratympanic injection of 1 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 5 mg gentamicin (GM) using an immunohistochemical method, revealing the expression of
NOS
II in the inner ear. Production of NO in the isolated organ of Corti and utricle or in the isolated vestibular and cochlear hair cells after stimulation with L-arginine, glutamate, GM and LPS was investigated using the fluorescence indicator 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. The fluorescence intensity of the sensory cells was augmented by stimulation with L-arginine, glutamate, GM and LPS. A significant increase in NO production was also noted in the LPS-treated animals. These findings imply that NO from constitutive
NOS
may mediate ototoxicity in the early phase, whereas NO from
NOS
II may contribute to the late phase of tissue damage in the inner ear. Based on this hypothesis, reduction of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and inhibition of
NOS
, scavenging superoxide and scavenging peroxynitrite are thought to attenuate NO-mediated otoneurotoxicity.
...
PMID:Pharmacological models for inner ear therapy with emphasis on nitric oxide. 1127 Apr 88
