Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mean of the Norplant usage period of 338 acceptors was 44.4 months. Most users had poor education and low incomes; the lower their socioeconomic status, the longer they used the Norplant implant. Return to fertility 3 months after removal was 38.46%; after 6 months, 71.43%; after 9 months, 74.46%; and after 12 months, 75%. The continuation rate at year one was 82.84%; year 2, 74.85%; year 3, 68.34%; year 4, 64.79%; while year 5 was 8.58%. The mean removal time was 21 minutes. There was a very significant difference between trained and untrained removers in the duration of removal. The average number of capsules removed was 5.64. There was no significant difference between trained and untrained removers in successful capsule removal. Reasons for removal were expired date and non-medical complaints such as changing to other contraceptives and the wish to become pregnant; medical complaints were dizziness, vertigo, spotting and amenorrhea. Removal was prompted by acne, metrorrhagia, two or more medical complaints, menorrhagia, physical pain, tenderness at insertion site and spotting. There were no pregnancies found among acceptors. However, 5.92% of the acceptors were pregnant at the time of insertion because of misdiagnosis. It can be concluded that Norplant is effective, safe and acceptable but removal needs trained persons.
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PMID:The Norplant removal training and service at Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. 177 63

Field research conducted in 24 rural townships in four counties (Zunhua and Leting in Hebei Province and Boshan and Yiyuan in Shandong Province) in China identified potential local-level obstacles to widespread use of Norplant contraceptive implants. A total of 1556 women received the implants between June 1992 and June 1993. In 1992, Norplant represented 20% of total contraceptive use in the study area; however, in 1993, this statistic dropped to 10% in 3 of the 4 counties. About 49% of Norplant acceptors experienced at least 1 side effect in the first 6 months, primarily menstrual disorders, headache, vertigo, and nausea. The gross discontinuation rate due to menstrual disorder was 1% at 6 months, 3% at 12 months, and 8% at 24 months; the overall discontinuation rates were 2%, 4%, and 10%, respectively. There were only 3 pregnancies due to method failure in the 24-month study period. Despite the high acceptability and effectiveness of this method, family planning workers complained that the required acceptor screening, insertion, follow-up visits, counseling, and treatment of side effects associated with Norplant increased their work loads. The decline in the method's popularity from 1992 to 1993 is presumed due to local program-related factors such as decreased implementation of an informed choice policy, unavailability of daily Norplant insertion services, the slow response of family planning workers to requests for treatment of side effects or capsule removal, and the improved availability of alternative contraceptive choices. However, demand for Norplant remained stable in Yiyuan County, where there was widespread resistance to sterilization and a willingness on the part of family planning workers to accept the increased work load associated with this method.
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PMID:Acceptance, efficacy, and side effects of Norplant implants in four counties in north China. 921 32