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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several non-epileptic disorders may cause episodic and paroxysmal symptoms that resemble epilepsy and they must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Some of these disorders are discussed in the present review: vasovagal, vasomotor and cardiac syncopes, breath holding spells. Among the sleep disorders, parasomnias, nightmares and the benign neonatal sleep myoclonus are mentioned. Migraine with aura, alternating hemiplegia and benign vertigo of childhood are probably related disorders. Benign myoclonus of early infancy, paroxysmal choreoathetoses and pseudoepileptic or hysterical seizures are further non-epileptic attack disorders to be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of cerebral seizures]. 150 11

Distinguishing epileptic events from nonepileptic paroxysmal neurologic events represents a common diagnostic challenge. Syncope, either cardiac or noncardiac, can appear similar to atonic and even convulsive seizures. Breath holding and benign paroxysmal vertigo in children may be confused with epilepsy. Classic migraine, transient global amnesia, and transient ischemic attacks may resemble epileptic seizures. Sleep disorders, including nocturnal movements, parasomnias, and narcolepsy also may resemble epileptic seizures. Most movement disorders are distinguished easily from epilepsy; however, paroxysmal dyskinesias may resemble atonic or reflex seizures. The correct diagnosis can be established and appropriate treatment can be instituted by relying on routine and prolonged EEG, EKG, and sleep studies, when appropriate.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of seizures. 827 29

Diving exposes a person to the combined effects of increased ambient pressure and immersion. The reduction in pressure when surfacing can precipitate decompression sickness (DCS), caused by bubble formation within tissues due to inert gas supersaturation. Arterial gas embolism (AGE) can also occur due to pulmonary barotrauma as a result of breath holding during ascent or gas trapping due to disease, causing lung hyperexpansion, rupture and direct entry of alveolar gas into the blood. Bubble disease due to either DCS or AGE is collectively known as decompression illness. Tissue and intravascular bubbles can induce a cascade of events resulting in CNS injury. Manifestations of decompression illness can vary in severity, from mild (paresthesias, joint pains, fatigue) to severe (vertigo, hearing loss, paraplegia, quadriplegia). Particularly as these conditions are uncommon, early recognition is essential to provide appropriate management, consisting of first aid oxygen, targeted fluid resuscitation and hyperbaric oxygen, which is the definitive treatment. Less common neurologic conditions that do not require hyperbaric oxygen include rupture of a labyrinthine window due to inadequate equalization of middle ear pressure during descent, which can precipitate vertigo and hearing loss. Sinus and middle ear overpressurization during ascent can compress the trigeminal and facial nerves respectively, causing temporary facial hypesthesia and lower motor neuron facial weakness. Some conditions preclude safe diving, such as seizure disorders, since a convulsion underwater is likely to be fatal. Preventive measures to reduce neurologic complications of diving include exclusion of individuals with specific medical conditions and safe diving procedures, particularly related to descent and ascent.
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PMID:Neurology and diving. 2436 63