Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four families are described with an autosomal dominant illness characterized by the childhood onset of recurrent attacks of prolonged ataxia, server vertigo, and vomiting. The attacks often begin in infancy. On the average, attacks occur monthly, and last between one hour to more than a week. Variations in severity occur within families. During an attack, consciousness is unaltered, but severe vertigo makes walking impossible and vomiting is frequent and severe. An attack is marked by horizontal and vertical jerk nystagmus, accompanied by vertigo which is sometimes worsened by position; however, there is no muscular weakness. During an attack, blood gases, ammonia, and amino acid studies are normal. Between attacks patients manifest combinations of slight horizontal or vertical jerk nystagmus or mild clumsiness. Cochlear and labyrinthine studies and neurologic investigations were noncontributory. Conventional therapies for vertigo, epilepsy, and migraine were ineffective, but acetazolamide (250-500 mg/day) stopped the attacks.
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PMID:Dominant recurrent ataxia and vertigo of childhood. 350 70

A random telephone survey on knowledge of stroke was conducted in 1, 238 Hong Kong Chinese. Most respondents realized that effective treatment was available, that stroke was preventable and that it could be fatal or disabling. Sudden unilateral limb weakness, sudden speech and language disturbances, and sudden vertigo and clumsiness were better recognized than other warning symptoms of stroke. A slightly better recognition of symptoms of stroke was seen in those with a belief of knowing about stroke, providing a correct description of stroke, those with a positive household history of stroke and those with a better knowledge of potential risk factors. Most respondents would choose desirable actions if stroke was suspected in their family members or themselves. Friends and relatives, newspapers and magazines, and mass media provided the major sources of their knowledge.
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PMID:Knowledge of stroke in Hong Kong Chinese. 997 56

Neurovestibular symptoms experienced by astronauts in the post-flight period were examined using data from medical debriefs contained in the NASA Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health database. Ten symptoms were identified (clumsiness, difficulty concentrating, persisting sensation aftereffects, nausea, vomiting, vertigo while walking, vertigo while standing, difficulty walking a straight line, blurred vision, and dry heaves), of which eight were crossed with twelve demographic parameters (mission duration, astronaut gender, age, one-g piloting experience, previous space flight experience, g-suit inflation, g-suit deflation, in-flight space motion sickness, in-flight exercise, post-flight exercise, mission role, fluid loading). Three symptoms were experienced by a majority of subjects, and another two by more than a quarter of the subjects. Intensity of the symptoms was mild, suggesting that they are unlikely to pose a risk to the crew during landing and the post-flight period. Seven of the symptoms and eight of the parameters under study were found to be significantly associated with each other.
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PMID:Neurovestibular symptoms following space flight. 1475 12

We report a 28-year-old male who presented with severe vertigo, vomiting, diplopia, clumsiness of right extremities. Physical examination revealed low reading of blood pressure in the left upper limb and evidence of mild left upper limb ischemia. On neurological examination he had right cerebellar ataxia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, revealed an acute right cerebellar infarction in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. Doppler ultrasono-graphy revealed an aneurysm of the left subclavian artery. The patient was tested positive for serology of syphilis.
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PMID:Left subclavian artery aneurysm secondary to syphilitic arteritis presenting with a right ischemic cerebellar infarction. 2013 37

A 17-year-old Caucasian male presented with sudden dizziness, ataxia, vertigo, and clumsiness lasting for a couple of hours. He had a subtle trauma during a wrestling match 2 days prior to the presentation. A CT Angiogram (CTA) and MRI showed left vertebral artery dissection (VAD). The patient was treated with anticoagulation with heparin drip in the ICU. The patient was discharged home on the third day on Lovenox-warfarin bridging. This case underscores the importance of considering VAD as a differential diagnosis in patients with sports-related symptoms especially in activities entailing hyperextension or hyperrotation of neck. Due to a varied latent period, often minor underlying trauma, and subtle presentation, a low index of suspicion is warranted in timely diagnosis and treatment of VAD. Considering recent evidence in treatment modality, either antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation may be used for treatment of VAD.
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PMID:Minor trauma causing stroke in a young athlete. 2588 15

Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) is a K(+) channelopathy characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms. Generally, patients may experience constant myokymia and dramatic episodes of spastic contractions of the skeletal muscles of the head, arms, and legs with loss of both motor coordination and balance. During attacks additional symptoms may be reported such as vertigo, blurred vision, diplopia, nausea, headache, diaphoresis, clumsiness, stiffening of the body, dysarthric speech, and difficulty in breathing. These episodes may be precipitated by anxiety, emotional stress, fatigue, startle response or sudden postural changes. Epilepsy is overrepresented in EA1. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and genetic analysis of several families has led to the discovery of a number of point mutations in the voltage-dependent K(+) channel gene KCNA1 (Kv1.1), on chromosome 12p13. To date KCNA1 is the only gene known to be associated with EA1. Functional studies have shown that these mutations impair Kv1.1 channel function with variable effects on channel assembly, trafficking and biophysics. Despite the solid evidence obtained on the molecular mechanisms underlying EA1, how these cause dysfunctions within the central and peripheral nervous systems circuitries remains elusive. This review summarizes the main breakthrough findings in EA1, discusses the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, current therapies, future challenges and opens a window onto the role of Kv1.1 channels in central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) functions.
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PMID:New insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutics of episodic ataxia type 1. 2634 8

"Cutis Marmorata" skin symptoms after diving, most frequently in the form of an itching or painful cutaneous red-bluish discoloration are commonly regarded as a mild form of decompression sickness (DCS), and treated with oxygen inhalation without reverting to hyperbaric recompression treatment. It has been observed that the occurrence of Cutis Marmorata is frequently associated with the presence of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) of the heart, and indeed, with a properly executed contrast echocardiographic technique, these patients have an almost 100% prevalence of PFO. Only occasionally, Cutis Marmorata is accompanied by other symptoms of DCS. These symptoms usually are in the form of visual distortions, vertigo, or mild, vague but generalized cerebral dysfunction (such as abnormal fatigue, clumsiness, concentration problems). The pathogenesis of these other manifestations is clearly emboligenic, and we hypothesize that Cutis Marmorata is also a manifestation of gas bubbles embolizing the brain stem: the site of autonomic nervous system regulation of skin blood vessel dilation and constriction. The consequences of this hypothesis are that Cutis Marmorata skin decompression sickness should no longer be considered a mild, innocuous form but rather a serious, neurological form and treated accordingly.
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PMID:Cutis Marmorata skin decompression sickness is a manifestation of brainstem bubble embolization, not of local skin bubbles. 2643 31

Paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia (PDA) is a rare syndrome characterized by brief, stereotyped episodes of slurred speech, clumsiness with extremities, or vertigo. It is usually observed in young patients suffering from multiple sclerosis with numerous lesions. PDA is challenging to identify in those presenting with atypical patterns. Here, a non-ataxic variant of PDA in an otherwise neurologically healthy elderly man is presented who had a single midbrain lesion. A broad diagnostic workup illustrates the challenges of identifying PDA. Teaching points emphasize the significance of the midbrain lesion and response to anti-epileptic medication.
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PMID:Solitary sclerosis presenting as isolated spontaneous paroxysmal dysarthria. 3082 50