Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical data adequate for analysis were available in 386 laboratory-confirmed cases of arthropod-borne encephalitis - 38 St. Louis and 348 western equine. Consistently observed symptoms varied with the age of the patient. Symptoms that occurred in a high proportion of patients in each age group were:LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF AGE: Fever and convulsions. (None had the St. Louis disease.)ONE THROUGH FOUR YEARS: Fever, headache, vomiting, drowsiness, irritability, restlessness, nuchal rigidity, tremor, and sometimes convulsions. FIVE THROUGH FOURTEEN YEARS: Headache, fever, and drowsiness. Sometimes the disease progressed no further, but if it did, nausea, vomiting, muscular pain, photophobia and limitation of neck and back flexion often were noted; and sometimes convulsions and intention tremors. FIFTEEN YEARS AND OLDER: Drowsiness, lethargy, malaise, fever, stiffness at the back of the neck and, almost always, severe intractable occipital headache associated with nausea, disturbance of vision, photophobia and vertigo. The extreme difficulty of differential diagnosis on the basis of clinical observation was indicated by the wide range of diagnoses made in these cases before the invading organism was identified by laboratory studies.
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PMID:The 1952 outbreak of encephalitis in California; differential diagnosis. 1306 16

Most movement disorders, reflecting degenerative disorders, develop in a slowly progressive fashion. Some movement disorders, however, manifest with an acute onset. We wish to give an overview of the management and therapy of those acute-onset movement disorders.Drug-induced movement disorders are mainly caused by dopamine-receptor blockers (DRB) as used as antipsychotics (neuroleptics) and antiemetics. Acute dystonic reactions usually occur within the first four days of treatment. Typically, cranial pharyngeal and cervical muscles are affected. Anticholinergics produce a prompt relief. Akathisia is characterized by an often exceedingly bothersome feeling of restlessness and the inability to remain still. It is a common side effect of DRB and occurs within few days after their initiation. It subsides when DRB are ceased. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a rare, but life-threatening adverse reaction to DRB which may occur at any time during DRB application. It is characterised by hyperthermia, rigidity, reduced consciousness and autonomic failure. Therapeutically immediate DRB withdrawal is crucial. Additional dantrolene or bromocriptine application together with symptomatic treatment may be necessary. Paroxysmal dyskinesias are childhood onset disorders characterised by dystonic postures, chorea, athetosis and ballism occurring at irregular intervals. In Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia they are triggered by rapid movements, startle reactions or hyperventilation. They last up to 5 minutes, occur up to 100 times per day and are highly sensitive to anticonvulsants. In Paroxysmal Non-Kinesiogenic Dyskinesia they cannot be triggered, occur less frequently and last longer. Other paroxysmal dyskinesias include hypnogenic paroxysmal dyskinesias, paroxysmal exertional dyskinesia, infantile paroxysmal dystonias, Sandifer's syndrome and symptomatic paroxysmal dyskinesias. In Hereditary Episodic Ataxia Type 1 attacks of ataxia last for up to two minutes, may be accompanied by dysarthria and dystonia and usually respond to phenytoin. In Type 2 they can last for several hours, may be accompanied by vertigo, headache and malaise and usually respond to acetazolamide. Symptomatic episodic ataxias can occur in a number of metabolic disorders, but also in multiple sclerosis and Behcet's disease.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of acute movement disorders. 1620 29

Published literature on the toxicity of a topiramate overdose is limited to case reports. This retrospective study of poison center data was performed to examine the severity of topiramate overdoses. Data on single substance exposures to topiramate reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) in 2000 and 2001 were retrospectively analysed. A total of 567 cases met the inclusion criteria, of which 39% occurred in adults over 19 years of age and 30.2% in children < or = 4 years old. The majority of patients (62.1%) experienced no toxicity. The most common clinical effects reported were drowsiness/lethargy (15.5%), dizziness/vertigo (4.9%), agitation (4.9%), confusion (3.9%), nausea (2.6%) and vomiting (2.5%). Symptomatic patients were older than asymptomatic patients and adults were more likely to be managed in a healthcare facility (P <0.0001). Patients who received gastrointestinal decontamination experienced less serious outcomes than those without decontamination (P <0.02). It is concluded that clinicians should expect relatively mild mental status changes in adults or children with toxicity from topiramate overdose. Serious toxic effects, such as CNS depression with respiratory depression or persistent non-anion gap metabolic acidosis, are infrequent.
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PMID:Evaluation of toxicity of topiramate exposures reported to poison centers. 1632 76

A 63-year-old woman suffering from confusion, restlessness, vertigo and nausea had multiple old cortical and subcortical microhaemorrhages on MR gradient echo imaging, consistent with amyloid angiopathy.
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PMID:[Diagnostic image (270). A confused and restless woman]. 1667 14

The demand for blood products steadily increases. Concurrently, blood donor recruitment becomes more and more difficult. This study aimed to investigate effects of blood donation on blood donors, which could be helpful for blood donor recruitment and retention. In addition to cortisol measurements in saliva, three questionnaires quantifying mood (good/bad), vigilance (awake/tired), agitation (calm/nervous), actual strain and asking for donation-related effects perceived were distributed to 110 whole blood donors (DON). Results obtained were compared with 109 control subjects (CON) lacking the blood donation experience. Overall, 216 subjects completed the questionnaires. Sixty-eight percent of DON reported at least one effect perceived with blood donation. Exclusively, positive, negative or mixed effects were described by 26.5%, 23.5% and 17.6%, respectively. Among positive effects (i.e. physical/psychological well-being, feeling satisfied, happy, proud), no significant differences were observed between males and females (P = 0.07), whereas mixed or negative effects (i.e. vertigo, dizziness, tiredness, pain) were significantly (P = 0.03; P = 0.049) more associated with females. DON showed higher levels of well-being than CON as indicated by better mood (P = 0.004), higher vigilance (P = 0.015) and relaxation (P = 0.003). The latter even increased after donation with maximum values after 15 and 30 min. Despite significantly higher initial strain scores (P = 0.008), first-time donors maintained a better mood (P = 0.025) than repeat donors. DON showed a statistically better psychological well-being than CON, although the donation experience was perceived as stressful, especially for first-time donors. The results may facilitate donor recruitment and retention as blood donation may become less frightening and perhaps even attractive.
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PMID:Effect of blood donation on well-being of blood donors. 1827 91

n-Butyl Alcohol is a primary aliphatic alcohol historically used as a solvent in nail care cosmetic products, but new concentration of use data indicate that it also is being used at low concentrations in eye makeup, personal hygiene, and shaving cosmetic products. n-Butyl Alcohol has been generally recognized as safe for use as a flavoring substance in food and appears on the 1982 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) list of inactive ingredients for approved prescription drug products. n-Butyl Alcohol can be absorbed through the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. n-Butyl Alcohol may be formed by hydrolysis of butyl acetate in the blood, but is rapidly oxidized. The single oral dose LD(50) of n-Butyl Alcohol for rats was 0.79 to 4.36 g/kg. The dermal LD(50) for rabbits was 4.2 g/kg. Inhalation toxicity studies in humans demonstrate sensory irritation of the upper respiratory tract, but only at levels above 3000 mg/m(3). Animal studies demonstrate intoxication, restlessness, ataxia, prostration, and narcosis. Exposures of rats to levels up to 4000 ppm failed to produce hearing defects. High concentrations of n-Butyl Alcohol vapors can be fatal. Ocular irritation was observed for n-Butyl alcohol at 0.005 ml of a 40% solution. The behavioral no-effect dose for n-Butyl Alcohol injected subcutaneously (s.c.) was 120 mg/kg. Fetotoxicity has been demonstrated, but only at maternally toxic levels (1000 mg/kg). No significant behavioral or neurochemical effects were seen in offspring following either maternal or paternal exposure to 3000 or 6000 ppm. n-Butyl Alcohol was not mutagenic in Ames tests, did not induce sister-chromatid exchange or chromosome breakage in chick embryos or Chinese hamster ovary cells, did not induce micronuclei formation in V79 Chinese hamster cells, did not have any chromosome-damaging effects in a mouse micronucleus test, and did not impair chromosome distribution in the course of mitosis. Clinical testing of n-Butyl Alcohol for nonimmunological contact urticaria was negative in 105 subjects. Repeat-insult patch test (RIPT) studies of nail colors and enamels containing 3% n-Butyl Alcohol in one study produced reactions on challenge, but further study linked significant positive reactions to another solvent. In other RIPT studies, only minimal reactions were reported. A photopatch test demonstrated that a nail enamel containing 3% n-Butyl Alcohol resulted in no reactions. Workers complained of ocular irritation, disagreeable odor, slight headache and vertigo, slight irritation of nose and throat, and dermatitis of the fingers and hands when the air concentration of n-Butyl Alcohol was greater than 50 ppm, as compared to an odor threshold in air of 0.83 ppm. The available safety test data were considered adequate to support the safety of n-Butyl Alcohol in all cosmetic product categories in which it is currently used.
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PMID:Final report of the addendum to the safety assessment of n-butyl alcohol as used in cosmetics. 1883 Aug 64

We studied the manifestations of hypomagnesemia in 50 patients with acute renal failure who had been admitted in our hospital over a period of ten months. All patients with serum creatine >/= 2 mg/dL and normal baseline levels of serum calcium, magnesium, and potassium as well as normal ECG were included in the study. Patients with multi-organ failure, drug-induced acute renal failure, obstructive uropathy, and alcohol addiction were excluded. The mean age of our study population was 40 +/- 15 years, 37 of the patients were male and 13 were female. Hypomagnesemia was observed in 31 patients out of 50 during the recovery period of acute renal failure with symptomatic hypomagnesemia being seen in 23 patients. Serum magnesium levels on the day of admission and during the recovery phase were 2.11 +/- 0.38 mg/dL and 1.64 +/- 0.41 mg/dL respectively. Paresthesia, irritability, agitation, dysartharia, vertigo, and associated hypokalemia and hypocalcemia were noted in symptomatic hypomagnesemic patients. Treatment of hypomagnesaemia and hypokalemia ameliorated the symptoms. We conclude that these abnormalities produce clinically significant manifestations in recovery phase of acute renal failure and clinicians should pay attention to these.
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PMID:Serum magnesium in recovering acute renal failure. 2014 14

An 84-year-old male with stage III chronic kidney disease and a history of multiple psychiatric and medical disorders presented to the emergency department (ED) with new onset proximal leg weakness with tremor upon standing, truncal ataxia, and myoclonic jerks of the upper extremity that had progressively worsened over three weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging and head computed tomography showed no acute change from baseline. After admission, the patient reported visual hallucinations, vertigo, and slurred speech, and displayed nocturnal agitation/delirium. These symptoms were managed with risperidone. Prior to admission, the most recent medication change was the initiation of bupropion 100 mg extended-release twice daily. Bupropion was titrated to 150 mg twice daily over the three weeks prior to the ED visit. Gradual tapering of the bupropion dose was started after admission. Symptoms of agitation, delirium, speech, and motor disturbances decreased 36 to 48 hours after bupropion dose was lowered to 75 mg daily, and risperidone was changed to quetiapine. The patient was discharged to short-term rehabilitation with return of mental status to baseline. Bupropion and quetiapine were discontinued at discharge from the rehabilitation center. Case reports exist for acute psychotic and parkinsonian symptoms after administration of bupropion and bupropion extended-release, but none exist for the combination of focal neurologic deficits and psychotic symptoms found in this patient's presentation. Limited pharmacokinetic data in the elderly and those with renal impairment suggest that this patient population may have reduced clearance of bupropion. Dose adjustment should be considered in such patients and signs of toxicity closely monitored. Adverse reactions to bupropion should be considered if a patient presents with acute neurologic or psychotic symptoms after initiation or dose modification of bupropion.
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PMID:Progressive tremor, truncal ataxia, and acute mental status changes after use of bupropion. 2189 73

The safety of Cerebrolysin has been shown through many years of clinical use, observations from postmarketing surveillance studies, and safety data from randomized, controlled clinical trials. The reported events showed that adverse reactions to Cerebrolysin were generally mild and transient. Most common adverse events included vertigo, agitation and feeling hot. In the controlled clinical trials analyzed for this report, the incidence of adverse events was similar in Cerebrolysin- and placebo-treated groups. Cerebrolysin seems to be safe when used in combination with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator or cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil or rivastigmine. To our knowledge, Cerebrolysin was not associated with major changes in vital signs or laboratory parameters.
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PMID:Safety profile of Cerebrolysin: clinical experience from dementia and stroke trials. 2251 95

The distressing phenomenon of visual height intolerance (vHI) occurs when a visual stimulus causes apprehension of losing control of balance and falling from some height. Epidemiological data of this condition in the general population are lacking. Assignment of prevalence, determinants, and compensation of vHI was performed in a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 3,517 individuals representing the German population. Life-time prevalence of vHI is 28 % (females 32 %). A higher prevalence is associated independently with a family history of vHI, anxiety disorders, migraine, or motion sickness susceptibility. Women aged 50-59 have a higher prevalence than younger women or men of all ages. Initial attacks occur most often (30 %) in the second decade; however, attacks can manifest throughout life. The main symptoms are fearfulness, inner agitation, a queasy-stomach feeling, subjective postural instability with to-and-fro vertigo, and weakness in the knees. Climbing a tower is the first most common precipitating stimulus; the spectrum of such stimuli widens with time in more than 50 % of afflicted individuals. The most frequent reaction to vHI is to avoid the triggering stimuli (>50 %); 11 % of susceptible individuals consult a doctor, most often a general practitioner, neurologist, ENT doctor, or psychiatrist. In brief, visual height intolerance affects one-third of the general population, considerably restricting the majority of these individuals in their daily activities. The data show that the two terms do not indicate a categorical distinction but rather a continuum from slight forms of visual height intolerance to the specific phobia of fear of heights.
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PMID:Down on heights? One in three has visual height intolerance. 2307 Apr 63


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