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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have observed in our own practice that numerous patients with primary symptoms of vertigo exhibit cervical segmental muscular imbalance and increased tension in the masticatory musculature. This is frequently associated with functional blockades, especially in the joints of the head and upper cervical spine. Particularly important are special receptors of the small vertebral joints and muscle insertions at the cervicocranial transition. Evidence indicates that there are neuroanatomic structures between these receptors and the central vestibular and cochlear core area of the brain stem, which can explain the vertigo symptoms as well as the frequently associated tinnitus, headache or otalgia. Therapeutic approaches include interruption of the pathological reflex arcs so that muscle tension can resolve and imbalances are equalized. The nociceptive stimulus to the brain stem and its core centers thus recedes. Deafferentation follows from the reflex zones of the posterior oral cavity in the sense of oral acupuncture. Additional procedures include neural therapeutic injections at acupuncture points at the cervicocranial transition, the ear, and maxillary area as well as needle acupuncture of the head, ear, and hand. In isolated cases, improvement of the vertigo symptoms is noticed as early as after the first treatment session. Among other methods, spinovestibular tests according to Romberg and Unterberger can be employed to objectify treatment results.
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PMID:[Additive treatment for central vestibular vertigo]. 1545 63

Penetrating middle ear injury can result in hearing loss, vertigo, and facial nerve injury. We describe the cases of 2 children with penetrating trauma to the right ear that resulted in ossicular chain disruption; one injury was caused by cotton-tipped swabs and the other by a wooden matchstick. Symptoms in both children included hearing loss and otalgia; in addition, one child experienced ataxia and the other vertigo. Physical examination in both cases revealed a perforation in the posterosuperior quadrant of the tympanic membrane and visible ossicles. Audiometry identified a moderate conductive hearing loss in one child and a mild sensorineural hearing loss in the other. Both children underwent middle ear exploration and reduction of a subluxed stapes. We discuss the diagnosis, causes, and management of penetrating middle ear trauma. To reduce the morbidity associated with these traumas, otologic surgeons should act promptly and be versatile in choosing methods of repairing ossicular chain injuries.
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PMID:Penetrating middle ear trauma: a report of 2 cases. 1574 70

Acute diffuse otitis externa (swimmer's ear), otomycosis, exostoses, traumatic eardrum perforation, middle ear infection, and barotraumas of the inner ear are common problems in swimmers and people engaged in aqua activities. The most common ear problem in swimmers is acute diffuse otitis externa, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most common pathogen. The symptoms are itching, otalgia, otorrhea, and conductive hearing loss. The treatment includes frequent cleansing of the ear canal, pain control, oral or topical medications, acidification of the ear canal, and control of predisposing factors. Swimming in polluted waters and ear-canal cleaning with cotton-tip applicators should be avoided. Exostoses are usually seen in people who swim in cold water and present with symptoms of accumulated debris, otorrhea and conductive hearing loss. The treatment for exostoses is transmeatal surgical removal of the tumors. Traumatic eardrum perforations may occur during water skiing or scuba diving and present with symptoms of hearing loss, otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus and vertigo. Tympanoplasty might be needed if the perforations do not heal spontaneously. Patients with chronic otitis media with active drainage should avoid swimming, while patients who have undergone mastoidectomy and who have no cavity problems may swim. For children with ventilation tubes, surface swimming is safe in a clean, chlorinated swimming pool. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and some degree of vertigo may occur after diving because of rupture of the round or oval window membrane.
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PMID:Ear problems in swimmers. 1613 12

Vertigo and imbalance are believed to be rare manifestations of skull base neoplasms. Patients with skull base neoplasms can present with vague otolaryngological complaints, including diplopia, facial numbness, facial weakness, hearing loss, tinnitus, hoarseness, headache, and otalgia. Physical examination of these patients can sometimes reveal paralysis or paresis of cranial nerves. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for evaluation of cranial nerve involvement in skull base diseases. Vertigo and imbalance can be manifestations of a neuropathy or lesion within the vestibular system and may be subtle or overlooked findings in patients with skull base diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical manifestations of patients presenting with vertigo and imbalance who were found to have skull base neoplasms. We will also highlight the importance of MRI in diagnosis and management of these patients.
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PMID:The importance of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of vertigo and imbalance. 1717 Nov 43

Several studies in the literature investigated the association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and otogenous symptoms, like vertigo, tinnitus, otalgia and muffling, although the question of the existence of a cause-effect relationship is still controversial. Epidemiological findings showed that the prevalence of ear symptomatology in the general population is variable from 10% to 31%, and increases up to 85% in TMD patients. Based on these data, many attempts have been performed to describe the physiopathological interactions between aural symptoms and TMD, as a strict anatomical link exists between the structures of the ear and those of the stomatognathic system. Unfortunately, methodological weaknesses of most studies are evident so that the comparison of results is often difficult. Considering these premises, the present study critically reviewed the literature on this debated issue, discussing the main etiopathogenetic hypotheses, the features of ear symptomatology in TMD patients and its relationship with TMD treatment in order to present current suggestions about the relationship between aural and TMD symptoms. Suggestions for future researches have been also presented, since a full understanding of this plausible interaction will be an important factor in diagnosis making and treatment planning for both pathologies.
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PMID:Otologic symptoms in temporomandibular disorders patients: is there evidence of an association-relationship? 1721 68

Patients with an endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) typically present with palsy of cranial nerves VII and/or VIII; other presenting symptoms include hearing loss, otalgia, occipital headaches, cranial nerve palsies, vertigo, gait ataxia, tinnitus, and otorrhea. ELSTs are extremely vascular, and they can invade and destroy temporal bone. Because of these characteristics, they are often mistaken for glomus tumors of the skull base. We describe the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of ELSTs based on our review of the limited literature and our experience with 3 adults who presented to our tertiary care referral center with large ELSTs. Although these patients presented late in the course of their disease, their symptoms were relatively minor. Preoperative tumor embolization was performed, anda near-complete resection was achieved via an extended transotic approach in all 3 patients. The facial nerve was preserved without transposition in the first patient, the second patient underwent a primary nerve anastomosis, and the third required a cable graft of the facial nerve. Postoperative radiation therapy was administered to 2 of these patients. Follow-up by MRI detected no evidence of recurrence in any of the 3 patients.
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PMID:Endolymphatic sac tumor: a report of 3 cases and discussion of management. 1731 32

This work seeks to alert medical and odontological staff to understanding and using interdisciplinary handling for detecting different pathologies common otic symptoms. It offers better tools for this shared symptomatology during therapy s conservative phase. Tensor tympani muscle physiology and function in the middle ear have been veiled, even when their dysfunction and anatomical relationships may explain a group of confused otic symptoms during conventional clinical evaluation. Middle ear muscles share a common embryological and functional origin with chewing and facial muscles. This article emphasizes that these muscles share a functional neurological and anatomical dimension with the stomatognathic system; these muscles increased tonicity ceases to be a phenomenon having no logical connections. It offers functionality and importance in understanding referred otic symptoms in common with other extra-otical symptom pathologies. Tinnitus, vertigo, otic fullness sensation, hyperacusia, hypoacusia and otalgia are not only primary hearing organ symptoms. They should be redefined and related to the neighboring pathologies which can produce them. There is a need to understand temporomandibular disorders and craniofacial referred symptomatology from neurophysiologic and muscle-skeletal angles contained in the stomatognathic system. Common symptomatology is frequently observed in otic symptoms and temporomandibular disorders during daily practice; this should be understood by each discipline from a broad, anatomical and clinical perspective.
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PMID:Tensor tympani muscle: strange chewing muscle. 1732 13

A case of giant cell reparative granuloma concurrent with squamous cell carcinoma of the right temporal bone in a 44-year-old man with clinically presenting otorrhea from the mass of the right acoustic canal with hearing loss is reported. The histopathological examination of the lesion characterizes by multinucleated giant cells with in a fibroblastic stroma and area of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. GCRG may have been a local reaction provoked by the squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical and pathological features with briefly reviewed relevant literatures of temporal GCRG describing 24 cases are discussed. The patients have the mean age of 34.8 years. The ages of the patients ranged from 4 months to 72 years old. Temporal bone GCRG shows a male predilection of approximately 3:1. The frequently presenting symptoms of temporal bone GCRG are hearing loss, mass, tinnitus, otalgia, otorrhea, vertigo, headache, facial weakness, and diplopia. This is the first reported description in the literature of temporal bone GCRG concurrent with squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Giant cell reparative granuloma concurrent with squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: a case report and review of the literature. 1737 45

Middle ear muscles have a common embryological and functional origin with masticatory and facial muscles. Therefore, symptoms referred to the ear may originate from the stomatognathic area. When a primary otological cause is discarded in the diagnostic work up for tinnitus, vertigo, hypoacousia, hyperacousia, ear pain or sensation of occluded ear, a temporomandibular joint dysfunction may be the cause of these symptoms. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is twice more common among women and has environmental, physiological and behavioral causes. Among patients with this dysfunction, the prevalence of ear pain, tinnitus and dizziness varies between 33 and 76%
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PMID:[Otological symptoms among patients with temporomandibular joint disorders]. 1835 61

An anatomical study of the fissures related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was performed in 40 dry human skulls. The length of the squamotympanic fissure (X), as well as those of the petrotympanic fissure (Y) and the (descending part of) the petrosquamous fissure (Z), into which the first of them (as a rule) branches, was measured. The distances between the point of this bifurcation and the deepest point of the glenoid fossa (A), the articular tubercle (B), and the styloid process (C) of the TMJ were also measured. The distances measured presented a significant variability among different specimens. In particular, the lengths (X, Y, and Z) of some fissures measured twice as great compared to other ones. All distance measurements were expressed in mm. Dysfunction of the TMJ may lead to a variety of ear symptoms, i.e., otalgia, tinnitus, hearing loss, possibly vertigo and, less often, to tongue symptoms (collectively characterized as temporomandibular syndrome). These symptoms often relate to the important anatomic structures (anterior malleolar ligament, anterior tympanic artery and chorda tympani nerve) coursing (mainly) through the petrotympanic fissure, whose length and position may exert considerable impact. The measured distances (hardly assessable through a plain radiogram) may also be considered as parameters that need to be taken into account in view of an eventual replacement of a poorly functioning TMJ by a suitable prosthesis.
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PMID:Temporomandibular joint and correlated fissures: anatomical and clinical consideration. 1924 93


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