Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

About 1000 calves with a congenital disease were born in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan, between October 1990 and October 1991, the peaks of the epidemic being in March and July 1991. Of 85 abnormal calves examined pathologically and serologically, 70 appeared to have been suffering from a viral disease. Of these 70 animals, 17 had lesions bearing some resemblance to those of the diseases produced by Akabane, Chuzan, Aino, bluetongue and bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease viruses-diseases known to occur in Kagoshima-but serum samples contained no antibodies to these viruses or to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. This suggested the occurrence of a new type of viral infection in southern Japan. Six of the 17 calves were born dead and the others manifested clinical signs such as weakness, difficulty in sucking, inability to stand, vertigo, opisthotonus, staggering and weak eyesight or blindness. They were of small size and showed domed head, scoliosis, arthrogryposis, maxillary retraction, sunken eye, cataracts, and irregularities and defects of the teeth. At necropsy, almost all cases showed hydranencephaly, and many had cerebral defects and cerebellar hypoplasia or agenesis. Both cerebral and cerebellar lesions were seen in six cases, two of which showed a hypoplastic defect of the brain stem. Histopathological examination of the affected organs revealed gliosis, loss of cerebral parenchyma resulting from dilation of the ventricles, perivascular cuffing with round cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells, proliferation of blood vessels, thick-walled blood vessels in the brain stem, dilation of mesencephalic aqueducts, cerebellar cortical dysplasia, decreased nerve cells in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and myodysplasia of skeletal muscle.
 ...
PMID:A congenital abnormality of calves, suggestive of a new type of arthropod-borne virus infection. 788 59

The Chiari malformations are a group of central nervous system defects that involve the posterior cranial fossa. The clinical complaints range from headache, sensory changes, vertigo, ataxia, and imbalance to hearing loss. In patients with Chiari malformation, only those with type I malformation were born grossly normal, the neurological dysfunction developing gradually as they grew up, which spurred our interest. From August 1990 to September 1998, seven patients received surgical intervention at Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital under the impression of Chiari malformations. There were 4 males and 3 females, with age ranging from 7 years to 41 years. All these patients were diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings revealed a hypoplasic vermis. Among them, 4(57%) were cranial nerve plasy, 2(29%) nystagmus, 6(100%) syringomyelia, 7(100%) scoliosis and one (14%) with hydrocephalus. Cerebellar ataxia and upper limbs weakness was noted in 5(71%) patients. Our surgical interventions included suboccipital craniectomy and dural opening(7/7), C1 posterior arch decompression (7/7), C4,5 laminectomy (1/7), and syringostomy(4/7). There was one mortality in a 41 y/o male with progressively lower cranial nerve(V, VII, IX) impairment as well as poor lung compliance. Other patients improved in their symptoms after follow-up periods of 6 months to 6 years. Our study shows that 1) surgical decompression was indicated in all patients with brain stem and lower cranial nerve dysfunction as well as central cord syndrome caused by syringomyelia; 2) a better result was achieved in those patients who received adequate nervous system decompression; and 3) much attention should be payed to cases with lower cranial nerves XI, X, XII impairment, because complications such as choking and aspiration pneumonia can happen.
 ...
PMID:Surgical outcome of Chiari I malformations--an experience sharing and literature review. 1063 63

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia characterised by disproportionate short stature, generalised ligamentous laxity and precocious osteoarthritis. Autosomal dominant inheritance has been demonstrated in many families. The present case was normal at birth. By 3 years of age his height has fallen below the 5th percentile. At 6 1/2 years of age he was 99 cm tall (-3.5 SD), and he had bowing of the lower extremities and some limitations of movements at the elbows and knees. Radiographs showed features of PSACH. Kypho-scoliosis appeared later on with anterior beaking of the vertebrae. Cerebral CT scan showed a very large frontal cyst communicating with the IIIrd ventricle. RMI confirmed the frontal cyst and showed dilatation of the IIIrd ventricle and of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, and a right frontal parietal hemispheric atrophy. At 26 years of age he complained of pain in the knees, swallowing difficulties, and vertigo. Renal ultrasonographic examination showed a large cortical cyst of the right kidney and smaller cysts in both kidney.
 ...
PMID:Pseudoachondroplasia with cerebral and renal cysts. 1215 Feb 13

The Chiari-syndrome Type I being a malformation of the posterior cranial fossa often leads to syringomyelia. The disease becomes apparent in adolescence with kyphoscoliosis, headache, vertigo, ataxy, hearing loss, partial paralysis and other neurological disorders. The onset is typically characterized by dissociated anesthesia, due to the frequent localization of the syrinx in the neighborhood of the posterior column of the spinal cord. It is reported a case of an 15-years-old-girl suffering from intensive headache, recurrent left-sided paresthesias and progredient scoliosis. Somatosensory evoked potentials of left ulnar and tibial nerves revealed a complete loss of cortical response. Diagnostic imaging showed an Chiari-malformation I with herniation of cerebellar tonsils and secondary syringomyelia of the cervical spinal cord. After surgical treatment with posterior fossa decompression, C1 laminectomy and partial excision of cerebellar tonsils the patient had a clear improvement in symptoms. Postsurgical the width of cervical syrinx decreases. Now somatosensory evoked potentials of the left ulnar and tibial nerves show amplitude-reduced cortical responses with a normal latency.
 ...
PMID:[Evoked potentials in Chiari-malformation type I with syringomyelia--a case history]. 1292 16

Many elderly people complain dizziness which may continue occasionally for months or years. According to epidemiological studies, 25-29% of subjects with more than 60 years of age have the experience of dizziness. Dizziness occurs most commonly during head positional changes or walking. Clinical studies have indicated that causes of dizziness are nonspecific and multi-factorial; cerebrovascular diseases, cervical spondylosis, depressive state, poor vision, orthostatic hypotension, whiplash injury, or low cerebrospinal fluid syndrome may play a role in the development of dizziness. Patients with dizziness commonly have neck/shoulder pain, insomnia, left-right imbalance of visual acuity, scoliosis, white matter lesions on head MRI. Little, however, has yet been known as to how these symptoms and radiological findings are related to mechanisms of dizziness. During the last several years, we performed cerebral functional studies using auditory-evoked magneto-encephalography (MEG) in elderly people with chronic dizziness. Two types of functional abnormalities were found in dizziness patients. One is a rotational abnormality of MEG signals at the temporal cortex (Type A) which can be detected by current arrow mapping analysis. This abnormality is similar to that detected by non-evoked MEG in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. In patients with Type A abnormality, administration of anticonvulsants brought about dramatic improvement of dizziness in association with disappearance of rotational abnormalities. The other is abnormal prolongation of interhemispheric neural conduction time (INCT) between the left and right temporal cortices (Type B) which can be estimated from the difference of left and right N100 m peak latencies. The INCT was found to be prolonged correlating with the grade of white matter lesions on MRI. The INCT also seems to be prolonged by lack of sleep. Patients with Type B abnormality commonly have the asymmetry of body, such as left-right imbalance of visual acuity, left-right neck pain, or remarkable scoliosis, in association with insomnia and/or depressive state. According to the study of Penfield, dizziness or vertigo is manifested by stimulation of upper temporal cortex and lower parietal cortex. Mechanisms of dizziness can be hypothecated on the basis of MEG findings as follows: Presumably, there are head-position recognizing (HPR) centers in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The HPR centers may correspond to the vestibular cortex or the combined system of vestibular, visual and somatosensory cortices. The HPR centers in two hemispheres are receiving head-position signals from vestibular, visual and somatosensory corices and are readjusting the dissociation of information which may exist between each other through rapid interhemispheric neural conduction. In patients with Type A abnormality, dizziness may be caused by abnormal neuronal excitements in left or right HPR center. In patients with Type B abnormalities, dizziness may be caused by the combined factors, one the abnormal prolongation of INCT between left and right HPR centers and the other the large dissociation of head position signals between the left and right HPR centers due to the body asymmetry, such as scoliosis or left-right neck pain imbalance.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic dizziness in elderly people: its clinical characteristics and magneto-encephalographic findings]. 1861 49

We developed a modeling procedure using CT scans or MRI data for exploring the bony and lymphatic canals of vestibular patients. We submitted 445 patients with instability and spatial de-orientation to this procedure. Out of the 445 patients, 95 had scoliosis, some of them, because malformations were suspected also had CT-scan modeling and functional tests. We focused on a never described, abnormal connection between the lymphatic lateral and posterior canal (LPCC) with a frequency of 67/445 (15%). In the scoliosis subgroup, the frequency was 52/95 (55%). Three scoliotic patients had CT scans. For each of them, the modeling revealed that LPCC was present on the bony canals. LPCC has pathognomic signs: no rotatory vertigo but frequent instability, transport sickness head tilt on the side of the anomaly, and spatial disorientation in new environment. We evaluated the functional impact of LPCC by testing the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in horizontal and vertical planes and found reproducible abnormal responses: in the case of left LPCC, during a counterclockwise horizontal rotation or a post clockwise horizontal rotation, added to the expected horizontal nystagmus, we found an unexpected upbeat nystagmus induced by the ampullofugal displacement of the fluid in the posterior canal. As LPCC was found in CT scans and MRI modeling for a same subject, we suggest that it could be a congenital abnormal process of ossification of the canals. The responses to the vestibular tests highlighting constant unexpected nystagmus underline the potential functional consequences of LPCC on vestibular perception and scoliosis.
 ...
PMID:Abnormal connection between lateral and posterior semicircular canal revealed by a new modeling process: origin and physiological consequences. 1964 47

We herein report the case of a 22-year-old Caucasian man with known vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, cardiac defects, renal and limb anomalies (VACTERL) association who presented with a headache and vertigo following the sudden and temporary loss of consciousness while attending a concert four days before admission to the hospital. On a physical examination, the following findings were found: a low body height, low-set ears, thoracic scoliosis and a mild holosystolic heart murmur. A neurosonological examination revealed a partial subclavian steal phenomenon. CT angiography of the neck vessels and aortic arch confirmed an anomalous right subclavian artery -known as the lusorian artery. Further studies are warranted in patients with VACTERL in order to identify possible links between the prevalence of an aberrant right subclavian artery (lusorian artery) and possible congenital subclavian steal syndrome or dysphagia lusoria. In addition, duplex ultrasound of the carotid and vertebral arteries may be performed as part of screening examinations in patients with congenital syndromes.
...
PMID:An aberrant subclavian artery exhibiting the partial steal phenomenon in a patient with VACTERL association. 2513 Jan 25