Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a randomized single-blind international multicentre trial, two antiemetic regimens were compared in 115 oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy for the first time (cisplatin greater than 15 mg/m2, or ifosfamide greater than 1200 mg/m2 or etoposide greater than 120 mg/m2). One group received granisetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3-receptor antagonist, 40 micrograms/kg alone intravenously before chemotherapy, with, if necessary, up to two further doses daily of 40 micrograms/kg. The second group received a combination of alizapride plus dexamethasone (4 mg/kg alizapride and 8 mg/kg dexamethasone before chemotherapy, repeated, if necessary, after 4 and 8 hours up to two additional doses). There was good antiemetic efficacy (a maximum of one episode of vomiting in 24 hours = "major efficacy") in 50 of 62 patients (80.7%) in the granisetron group, and in 37 out of 53 (69.8%) of those treated with alizapride and dexamethasone; failure of antiemetic therapy occurred in 4.8% (granisetron) and 15.1% (combination) of patients. For the first day of each 5-day chemotherapy cycle, there was a higher rate of excellent antiemetic efficacy (no or only mild nausea, and no vomiting) with granisetron (90.3% vs 69.8%, P less than 0.006). The frequency (29% vs 32%) and nature of side effects (obstipation, diarrhoea, headaches, anxiety, vertigo), the causes of which were not differentiated, were similar. No extrapyramidal reactions occurred with granisetron. Of the 62 patients treated with granisetron, 47 did not require any further granisetron after the single daily prophylactic dose.
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PMID:[Comparison of the antiemetic effectiveness of granisetron and alizapride plus dexamethasone in cytostatic therapy]. 165 80

Patients with inner ear impairment have complaints of vertigo and also occasionally depression. The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate changes in monoamines which have reportedly been closely related to depression, using cisplatin-induced unilateral inner-ear impaired rats. A dose of 0.5 mg/kg of cisplatin was injected into the right tympanic cavity under pentobarbital Na+ anesthesia. One or two weeks later, animals were fixed with paraformaldehyde, and thereafter immunohistochemical stainings for monoamine-containing cells in the brain were carried out. To visualize 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) neurons, we used mouse antibodies against 5-HT, NA, and DA syntheses, i.e., tryptophan hydroxylase (TRH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). The number of TRH immunoreactive neurons significantly decreased in the lateral dorsal raphe nucleus of the ipsilateral side when compared with the contralateral side. The number of DA neurons, which were immunoreactive to TH, but not to DBH, significantly decreased in the hypothalamus of the ipsilateral side. The number of NA neurons which were immunoreactive to both TH and DBH significantly decreased in the locus coeruleus and ventral lateral pons of the ipsilateral side. An additional control study with saline-injected rats showed a lack of differences in monoamine syntheses between the injected and contralateral sides, the expressions of the synthesis on both sides being similar to that obtained in the contralateral side in cisplatin-injected rats. These results indicated the decreases in monoamine syntheses at the ipsilateral side only in the cisplatin-administered rats. We conclude that inner ear impairment may diminish the ipsilateral amount of monoamines in the brain but not the cotralateral, possibly inducing a vestibular compensation such as an upregulation of monoamine receptors.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study for monoamine neurons in the brain of unilateral inner ear impaired rats]. 1473 22