Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042571 (vertigo)
 7,148 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In everyday practise, more than 80% of pregnant women receive one at least medication, often for ENT causes. The aim of the present paper is to review the literature on safety and administration of medical treatment for ear diseases, in pregnant women. The literature review includes Medline and database sources. Electronic links, related books and written guidelines were also included. The study selection was as follows: controlled clinical trials, prospective trials, case-control studies, laboratory studies, clinical reviews, systematic reviews, metanalyses, and case reports. The following drugs are considered relatively safe: beta-lactam antibiotics (with dose adjustment), macrolides (although the use of erythromycin and clarithromycin carries a certain risk), and acyclovir. Non-selective NSAIDs (until the 32nd week), nasal decongestants (with caution and up to 7 days), intranasal corticosteroids, with budesonide as the treatment of choice, first generation antihistamines, or cetirizine (third trimester) and loratadine (second and third trimester) from the second generation, H2 receptor antagonists (except nizatidine) and proton pump inhibitors (except omeprazole), can be used to relieve patients from the related symptoms. Meclizine and dimenhydrinate, as antiemetics in vertigo attacks; metoclopramide, vitamin B6 and ginger rhizome, alternatively. Low-dose diazepam and diuretics in severe cases of Meniere's disease (with caution). Systemic administration of prednisone and prednisolone can be considered in selected cases. By contrast, selective COX-2 inhibitors, betahistine and vasodilating agents are contraindicated in pregnancy. Since otologic and neurotologic manifestations during pregnancy tend to seriously affect the quality of life of the expectant mothers, ENT surgeons should familiarise themselves with the basic guidelines and safety precautions for any related medication, in order to provide appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Treating common ear problems in pregnancy: what is safe? 1803 53

Meniere's Disease (MD) is an affection consisting of an association of sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo initially presenting by crises. A review of the most considered possible causative factors and pathophysiologic interpretations allows us to underline the uncertainties which still exist about the genesis of this illness. We propose a mechanistic model based on the effect of a haemodynamic imbalance leading to transient ischaemia which could have an effect on the pH of the inner ear as well as on the work of the inner ear proton pumps. It is hypothesized that under ischaemic conditions and consequent metabolic acidity a preserved proton pump activity can generate an overload of anions in the endolymphatic partition, which is a closed system, thus resulting in an enhancement of osmolarity and consequently in the formation of a hydrops resulting in the development of fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo which characterize Meniere's Disease.
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PMID:Meniere's disease: update of etiopathogenetic theories and proposal of a possible model of explanation. 2066 84

Lipophilicity constitutes one of the most important physicochemical properties in the design and development of drug molecules. In the present work thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been utilized to evaluate lipophilicity of 11 representative drugs, which included six proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole, ilaprazole, and tenatoprazole), an anti-vertigo drug, betahistine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, anti-malarial drug, atovaquone, an anti-HIV agent, atazanavir and a hormonal drug, calcitriol. Normal as well as reversed-phase separation modes were evaluated to study the effect of different organic modifiers for the estimation of lipophilicity. The quantitative descriptor of lipophilicity, the partition coefficient (logP) was estimated by suitably optimizing the solvent systems for both the modes. The best mobile phase pairs for NPTLC and RPTLC were toluene-acetonitrile and water-methanol respectively. Principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, as well as non-parametric methods like sum of ranking differences and generalized pair wise correlation revealed the dominant pattern in the data. The results obtained from both the separation modes were comparable and were in good agreement with the computational data for all the drugs.
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PMID:Influence of organic modifier and separation modes for lipophilicity assessment of drugs using thin layer chromatography indices. 3009 96