Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042510 (ventricular fibrillation)
 10,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Methods of clinico-instrumental investigation and biochemical monitoring (CPK and its membranous fraction) were employed for examination of 432 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Among them there were patients with an uncomplicated course of disease (19.4%), recurrences (13.7%) and AMI spreading (9%). Lung edema, a cardiogenic shock, ventricular fibrillation and complicated cardiac rhythm disorders were not detected on the 1st day of disease. Clinico-anamnestic data provided no opportunity for defining factors promoting AMI recurrences whereas AMI spreading frequently developed in patients with repeated AMI, suffering from essential hypertension, obesity and heart failure. Higher diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery, an increase in the cardiac volume, a decrease in the ejection fraction and left ventricular stroke work--changes which were most pronounced in AMI spreading, were noted in patients with AMI lingering forms. Signs of disseminated intravascular blood coagulation were noted in the venous and arterial blood of patients with lingering AMI forms. A high blood enzyme level was shown to be accompanied by a low level of antibodies to LDH and CPK.
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PMID:[Clinico-pathogenetic variants of protracted forms of acute myocardial infarct]. 361 39

To assess the influence of time on the inducibility by programmed electrical stimulation of ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction, we studied 18 patients on the 5th and 24th day after infarction with a stimulation protocol employing a maximum of 3 right ventricular extrastimuli during sinus rhythm and at 3 paced cycle lengths. All patients were without documented sustained ventricular arrhythmias (sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) prior to the investigation. Sustained ventricular arrhythmias were induced in 2 patients on day 5, but in 9 on day 24 after infarction. This difference in incidence was statistically significant (p less than 0.05), as was the change in the distribution ratio of induced sustained ventricular arrhythmias from day 5 to day 24 (p less than 0.05). The types of arrhythmia induced on day 24 were sustained ventricular tachycardia with a mean cycle length of 207 ms in 6 cases (5 monomorphic, 1 polymorphic), and ventricular fibrillation in 3 cases. These 9 patients did not differ from the remaining 9 patients in maximal CPK, infarct site, number of stenosed coronary arteries, global left ventricular ejection fraction, and in the results of 24-hour Holter monitoring, but they had a significantly shorter right ventricular effective refractory period (223 +/- 10 ms versus 259 +/- 28 ms; p less than 0.05). During the follow-up period of 24 +/- 5 months no patient died, had syncopal attacks, or developed spontaneous episodes of sustained ventricular arrhythmia. The timing of programmed electrical stimulation with a maximum of 3 right ventricular extrastimuli strongly influences the inducibility of sustained ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Programmed electric stimulation following acute myocardial infarct. Significance of stimulation timing]. 378 50

We investigated the effects of Defibrotide (D), a natural polydeoxyribonucleotide, on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) in anesthetized cats. A permanent ligature was placed around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) 12-14 mm from its origin. Ventricular fibrillation and death were exceptional and when they occurred the cats were not included in the evaluation. Pretreatment of cats with D, 32 mg Kg-1 h-1, i.v. infusion, maintained throughout the 5 h occlusion period, reduced AMI-ST segment increases and increased the diminished pressure-rate index (PRI). AMI-induced changes in lactate, ATP and CPK in ischemic tissue were prevented by D. PGI2 gave the same results as D. Atenolol prevented the loss of myocardial CPK, but had no favourable effects on lactate and ATP in ischemic tissue. The beneficial effects of D in AMI reported here could be partly attributed to its ability to enhance PGI2 release from vascular walls; D might also relieve ischemia by improvement of local tissue oxygenation, energy supplies and platelet function by its ability to deaggregate platelet clumps.
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PMID:Cardioprotective effects of defibrotide in acute myocardial ischemia in the cat. 389 Feb 60

Acute ligation of the left coronary artery of rats produced abnormal Q-wave in the electrocardiogram, tachycardia and frequent ventricular fibrillation. Serum CPK level was elevated, reaching a maximum at 3 to 5 hours after ligation and returning to near the pre-ligation level 24 hours later, when CPK activity in the left ventricle markedly decreased. Pretreatment with bucumolol at 2.5 mg/Kg s.c. and 5 mg/Kg s.c. lessened these changes and increased the survival rate in a dose related manner. d-Bucumolol at 5 mg/Kg, on the other hand, increased survival rate primarily by suppressing ventricular fibrillation without any significant effect on other parameters. These results suggest that the membrane stabilizing action does not contribute to protective actions of bucumolol against myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Effects of bucumolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, and its d-isomer on myocardial infarction produced by coronary artery ligation in rats. 611 77

We report a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who developed malignant hyperpyrexia during general anaesthesia. During anaesthesia bradycardia was followed by ventricular fibrillation, on which ventricular flutter supervened and a body temperature rise of 0.6 degrees C for 15 minutes, myoglobinuria and elevation of CPK level were observed. The caffeine sensitivity test of biopsied muscle fibers revealed an increase in sensitivity, although there was no sign of muscle rigidity during or after anaesthesia. Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was first established after the development of malignant hyperpyrexia in the present case as well as in previously reported cases. Determination of serum CPK is very important before general anaesthesia.
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PMID:Malignant hyperpyrexia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A case report. 621 75

This study compares CPR with orciprenaline (8 dogs), with epinephrine (11 dogs) and without any drug (8 dogs) in cardiac arrest caused by anoxia. Resuscitation was successful in all animals of the epinephrine group and in 2 of the orciprenaline group. Spontaneous circulation could not be restored in any of the control animals. There was no difference in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation between the drug groups. No fibrillation occurred in the controls. On the other hand, the incidence of successful defibrillation was significantly higher with epinephrine. The superiority of epinephrine was due to its having effected a significantly higher diastolic pressure during cardiac massage. The diastolic pressure decreased after orciprenaline injection to such an extent that coronary underperfusion resulted with consequent rise of serum CPK. We conclude that the use of orciprenaline is contraindicated in cardiac arrest.
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PMID:[Orciprenaline (Alupent) in resuscitation for circulatory arrest? Experimental comparison between orciprenaline and adrenaline in dogs]. 661 23

Orciprenaline and epinephrine have been compared in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the dog. In a third group no substance was given. When orciprenaline was repeated without success, epinephrine was given. After administration of epinephrine left ventricular pressure and central aortic pressure were significantly higher. CPR was also more successful in epinephrine-treated dogs, a fact which can be attributed directly to these higher pressures. However, the attempt at resuscitation with orciprenaline, and, in the event of failure, with epinephrine, yielded significantly poorer results than treatment with epinephrine alone. Epinephrine substantially increased coronary perfusion pressure and coronary blood flow was adequate. When orciprenaline was administered, however, diastolic blood pressure decreased and no coronary blood flow could be measured. Serum CPK activity was increased. Ventricular fibrillation occurred just as often with epinephrine as with orciprenaline. In the epinephrine group defibrillation led directly to adequate circulation, whereas in the orciprenaline group subsequent electromechanical dissociation was observed. It is concluded that beta-receptor stimulators have no place in CPR. Epinephrine is the drug of choice in resuscitation after cardiac arrest.
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PMID:[Are beta-sympathomimetic substances in resuscitation useful? Experimental studies]. 662 37

To find a possible explanation for sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause, an experimental model was made with rabbits. The rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet for 2 and 4 months without precordial x-irradiation. Though the coronary sclerosis in the hearts of these rabbits was only slight or not detectable, the ventricular premature contraction threshold (VPCT) and the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) decreased by about 50% and 60% of those in the control animals, respectively. The investigation of isozyme patterns of LDH, GOT, MDH and CPK in the hearts revealed that the changes of these isozyme patterns were almost identical with the results from the human hearts of sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause. From these results, the rabbits fed an atherogenic diet without precordial x-irradiation can be an experimental model of sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause.
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PMID:Experimental model of sudden cardiac death from unexplained cause. 711 52

Fifty-five patients were hospitalized in a Coronary Care Unit within the first 24 hours after onset of symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction. The sum of positive and negative ST-segment deflections of their twelve leads electrocardiograms (epsilon ST12) showed a maximum within the 3rd hour from the onset of symptoms. Thereafter, in the first 24 hours, there was a marked reduction in epsilon ST12, with a steep and significant fall within the 7th hour from symptoms. In the following nine days of this study, the patients showed 4 different epsilon ST trends, but there was no significant correlation with CPK curves, or with the kind of therapy the patients underwent. An irregular trend of epsilon ST12 or a secondary late rise (after 36 hours from symptoms) suggest an unfavorable prognosis (1 death in the epsilon ST-3 group, and 2 deaths + 1 ventricular fibrillation in the epsilon ST-4 group). No significant difference results between the patients treated with high doses Heparin plus Acetyl-Salicylic-Acid (A.S.A.), and the patients treated with A.S.A alone, though the first treatment seems to reduce the values of epsilon ST12 more rapidly; perhaps this behaviour is due to the use of antiplatelet drug A.S.A in both groups, and to the relatively small number of patients.
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PMID:[ST-segment trend in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with antithrombotic drugs (author's transl)]. 734 81

Recently continuous warm blood cardioplegia (BCP) has been reported as a superior method of myocardial protection, but it is unknown which is more effective antegrade or retrograde cardioplegia. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of antegrade infusion via aortic root and retrograde infusion via coronary sinus with continuous warm BCP in regard to metabolism, oxygen extraction ratio, serum enzyme release, cardiac function, and myocardial edema. Fourteen adult mongrel dogs were subjected to total cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp of the aorta for 120 minutes, and followed by 60 minutes reperfusion. The dogs were divided into two groups according to the infusion type of continuous warm blood cardioplegia: Group A, antegrade warm BCP, and Group R, retrograde warm BCP. Changes in excess lactate (delta XL), redox potential (delta Eh), and myocardial lactate extraction ratio showed that aerobic metabolism could be maintained in group A and could not in group R. Myocardial oxygen extraction ratio during aortic cross-clamp was same in group A and in group R, but at 5 minutes after reperfusion it was significantly higher in group A than in group R (41 +/- 8% V.S. 22 +/- 9%). The incidence of ventricular fibrillation (V.F.) after reperfusion was significantly lower in group A than in group R (1/7 V.S. 7/7). CPK-MB and HBDH releases during aortic cross-clamp and 60 minutes reperfusion were lower in group A than in group R, but not significant. Generations of lipid peroxides (A-Cs difference) were lower in group R than in group A, but not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparison between antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia with warm blood]. 828 19


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