Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042510 (ventricular fibrillation)
 10,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A long-term follow-up report is given on three children with stress-induced bursts of ventricular activity, occasionally proceeding to ventricular fibrillation causing syncope. All patients were treated with a beta-blocking agent as prophylaxis for 12, 10 and 6 years, respectively. Case 1 has no signs of organic heart disease. She has been followed from the age of 8 years and had her last syncope in 1974. She was last seen in Nov. 1976, doing well at the age of 20. Case 2 started having syncopes after an attack of measles at the age of 8 years, at which time she probably acquired some damage to her myocardium. She had persistent bradycardia but no other signs of heart disease. She had an uneventful pregnancy and delivery in 1973 and gave birth to a normal child. She died suddenly in 1974, at the age of 22, four years after her last syncopal attack. Case 3 had cardiomyopathy with increasing heart size and exertional dyspnoea and marked ischaemic ECG changes during exercise. He was followed from the age of 7 years. He died suddenly in 1974 at the age of 16, four years after his last syncope.
 ...
PMID:Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation in children. Long-term follow-up of three cases treated with beta-blocking agents. 92 Feb 65

The introduction of the ventricular inhibited pulse generator with the feature of rate hysteresis has been associated with a variety of rhythm disturbances, some causing serious concern. This pulse generator has two different pacing rates: (1) the automatic rate, which is the interval between two successive paced beats (usually 860 msec or 70/min), and (2) the hysteresis interval, which results in a 1,000 msec delay between a sensed cardiac contraction and the next pacemaker discharge. The hysteresis interval after a sensed signal may result in long pauses that may predispose to the development of serious cardiac arrhythmias. Two examples of this type of complication were recently observed. One patient had bigeminal rhythm with mechanically ineffective cardiac contractions and an effective cardiac rate of 35/min; he experienced dyspnea and weakness during these prolonged episodes. Another patient had repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation. The cardiac arrhythmias were not controlled by antiarrhythmic agents, and both patients required replacement of the pulse generator. The proposed advantages of pulse generator hysteresis are (1) prolongation of battery life, and (2) maintenance of effective atrial transport; these advantages may be outweighed by undesirable cardiac arrhythmias that may be associated with this mode of pacemaker function. Rate hysteresis cardiac pacemakers should be reserved for patients having predominantly sinus rhythm without ventricular irritability. In patients with frequent ectopic ventricular activity, atrial fibrillation or high degree atrioventricular block, the rate hysteresis pacemaker offers no advantage over the conventional demand pacemaker. For patients with frequent ectopic ventricular activity not easily controlled by antiarrhythmic agents, consideration should be given to the use of a permanent demand pacemaker with external rate control, which may provide greater flexibility in arrhythmia management.
 ...
PMID:Undesirable cardiac arrhythmias associated with rate hysteresis pacemakers. 99 5

The literature on isolated right ventricular infarction is reviewed and local experience is reported. Chronic lung disease is an important risk factor. Chest pain and breathlessness are common. Syncope and sudden collapse can also occur. Rhythm disorders include sinus bradycardia, atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Atrioventricular block is rare. Hypotension and a right-sided fourth heart sound are common. Cautious use of slow-release nitroglycerin is not hazardous in the absence of hypotension. High doses of steroids and anticoagulants can be helpful. The prognosis is usually good, although sudden collapse can occur due to ventricular fibrillation, rupture of the right ventricular free wall or massive pulmonary embolism.
 ...
PMID:Isolated right ventricular infarction. 151 57

A previously healthy 42-year-old woman developed severe dyspnea, chest discomfort, and malaise several hours after prolonged exposure to concentrated vapors from mineral spirits. On the way to the hospital, she sustained a cardiopulmonary arrest; on arrival several minutes later, she was found to be in ventricular fibrillation and was resuscitated. Her hospital course included slowly resolving cardiac abnormalities, amnesia, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, abrupt hemolytic anemia, sustained rhabdomyolysis, and other metabolic abnormalities. It is highly probable that this syndrome represented acute and near-lethal toxicity caused by the inhalational exposure to the petroleum distillate known as mineral spirits. It is important that physicians be aware of this syndrome in order to recognize it on presentation and to warn patients of the risk of such toxic exposure.
 ...
PMID:Mineral spirits inhalation associated with hemolysis, pulmonary edema, and ventricular fibrillation. 206 97

Sudden death after sporting activities is not a rare occurrence on the basis of the statistics of a country: there appear to be 100 to 1,500 cases each year in France, and possibly even 10 times as many. This event is of cardiovascular origin or linked to the use of stimulants, if accidental causes are left out. Almost all unexpected deaths of medical origin are due to cardiac arrest. In practice, this only rarely involves an apparently healthy organ. Cardiomyopathies (almost 50% of cases occurring before the age of 35) and coronary disease (80% of individuals dying over 35 and 75% of all cases) are among the essential causes. The final mechanism most often (62.4%) is ventricular fibrillation following a ventricular tachycardia. These sudden deaths are sometimes preceded by cardiorespiratory symptoms (angina pectoris, faintness, dyspnea) and by extrasystoles, with the latter showing their potentially malignant nature in some cases. These features must be sought and identified if an attempt is to be made to reduce sudden cardiac deaths in athletes. Detailed and routine sophisticated investigations would have little to offer and are expensive. It would seem more valid to educate general practitioners and athletes themselves, but this should be on a very wide scale, i.e. at national level.
 ...
PMID:[Sudden death during sport activities. How can the incidence be reduced?]. 229 6

To evaluate the prognostic significance of diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), technetium-99m gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography, acquired in list mode, was performed in 161 patients. Five diastolic indexes were calculated. During 3.0 +/- 1.9 years, 13 patients had disease-related deaths. With univariate analysis, these patients were younger (29 +/- 20 vs 42 +/- 16 years; p less than 0.05), had a higher incidence of syncope (p less than 0.025), dyspnea (p less than 0.001), reduced peak filling rate (2.9 +/- 0.9 vs 3.4 +/- 1.0 end-diastolic volume/s; p = 0.09) with increased relative filling volume during the rapid filling period (80 +/- 7 vs 75 +/- 12%; p = 0.06) and decreased atrial contribution (17 +/- 7 vs 22 +/- 11%; p = 0.07). Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that young age at diagnosis, syncope at diagnosis, reduced peak ejection rate, positive family history, reduced peak filling rate, increased relative filling volume by peak filling rate and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy were the most statistically significant (p = 0.0001) predictors of disease-related death (sensitivity 92%, specificity 76%, accuracy 77%, positive predictive value 25%). Discriminant analysis excluding the diastolic indexes, however, showed similar predictability (sensitivity 92%, specificity 76%, accuracy 78%, positive predictive value 26%). To obtain more homogeneous groups for analysis, patients were classified as survivors (116) or electrically unstable (40), including sudden death, out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia during 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, and heart failure death or cardiac transplant (5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of radionuclide-assessed diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 230 87

To obtain further information concerning differences in the mechanism of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between elderly and younger patients, 381 consecutive patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and whose arrest was witnessed by paramedics, were studied. In 91% of cases the arrest occurred at the time the patient's cardiac rhythm was monitored. Patients were divided into 2 age groups: elderly patients were greater than 70 years (187) and younger patients were less than 70 years (194). Elderly patients more commonly had a past history of heart failure (25 vs 10%, p less than 0.003) and were more commonly taking digoxin (40 vs 20%, p less than 0.005) and diuretics (35 vs 25%, p less than 0.004). Before the cardiac arrest, elderly patients were more likely to be complaining of dyspnea (53 vs 40%, p less than 0.009), whereas younger patients were more likely to complain of chest pain (27 vs 13%, p less than 0.001). Forty-two percent of younger patients demonstrated ventricular fibrillation as the initial out-of-hospital rhythm associated with the arrest, compared to only 22% of elderly patients (p less than 0.001). Besides patient age, initial cardiac rhythm varied according to the patient's complaint preceding the arrest. Sixty-eight percent of patients with chest pain demonstrated ventricular fibrillation, whereas only 21% of patients with dyspnea demonstrated ventricular fibrillation. Elderly patients could be as successfully resuscitated as younger patients; however, 24% of younger patients survived, compared to only 10% of elderly patients (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Comparison of outcome of paramedic-witnessed cardiac arrest in patients younger and older than 70 years. 240 85

Much remains unknown about the conditions surrounding the occurrence of prehospital sudden cardiac arrest. We have investigated the clinical characteristics and predictors of survival in a total of 90 consecutive patients in whom sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) happened to occur during their hospitalization in general wards over the past 19 years. The types of arrhythmia present at the time of SCA were ventricular fibrillation (in 46% of cases), ventricular tachycardia (19%), and bradyarrhythmia (35%). The underlying causes were coronary artery disease (45%), cardiomyopathy (20%), and valvular disease (14%). SCA showed a circadian pattern, with many cases during the day and few at night. Prodromal symptoms included chest pain (16% of patients), dyspnea (11%) and palpitations (2%). Of the total of 90 subjects, 26 (29%) were discharged from hospital alive, and SCA recurred in 24% of these. The 5-year survival rate was 52%. The most important predictors of survival examined were initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, NYHA class, and time of SCA. Of those in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated within 1 min, 52% were discharged alive, but all of those not receiving it within 10 min died.
 ...
PMID:Sudden cardiac arrest: clinical characteristics and predictors of survival. 263 23

Multivariate analysis using 70 variables in 200 patients who suffered from ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation after myocardial infarction detected eleven variables that were associated with an increased risk of sudden arrhythmic death and cardiac death during a mean follow-up period of 2 years. Four of the 11 variables came from the patient's clinical history: (1) cardiac arrest at the time of the first spontaneous episode of arrhythmia, (2) New York Heart Association functional class for dyspnoea = III, (3) ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation occurring early (after 3 days and within 2 months) after myocardial infarction, (4) multiple myocardial infarctions before the first episode of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Total mortality, incidence of sudden arrhythmic death and of non-sudden cardiac death increased with an increasing number (zero, one, two, three, four) of variables seen in individual patients. Patients with zero or one variable had an incidence of sudden death of 2.8% and a 4.2% incidence of non-sudden cardiac death at 26 months, while patients with more than two variables had a 13.5% and a 20.3% incidence respectively of sudden and non-sudden cardiac death. The strongest predictor of sudden death was the occurrence of cardiac arrest during the first spontaneous episode of ventricular arrhythmia. The strongest predictor of non-sudden cardiac death was the New York Heart Association functional class. The use of the four variables to stratify risk revealed seven subgroups of patients with incidences of sudden death ranging from 0 to 28%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The value of the clinical history to assess prognosis of patients with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation after myocardial infarction. 279 16

Streptokinase (1 million international units) was given intravenously over 30 or 60 minutes to 50 patients four hours or less after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. All were aged less than or equal to 70 years and had 4 mm or greater ST segment elevation in anterior or inferior leads. Rapid (mean 95 min) ST segment resolution, which was taken to indicate reperfusion of the myocardium, occurred in 36 (72%) patients. In these 36 the average time from onset of symptoms to peak creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, and myoglobin was 9.45 hours, whereas it was 17 hours in the 14 patients in whom indirect criteria did not indicate reperfusion. Reperfusion arrhythmias were invariably present and ventricular tachycardia developed in five patients and ventricular fibrillation in two. The infarct related artery was seen to be open in 28 (70%) of the 40 patients who had delayed coronary arteriography. The frequency of patency in the infarct related artery was no different in patients given streptokinase less than 2 hours or between 2-4 hours from onset of symptoms nor did it differ when streptokinase was infused over 30 or 60 minutes. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 57% in those with a patient infarct related artery and 48% in those with an occluded vessel. Eight patients subsequently underwent elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty after successful thrombolysis and six had coronary artery bypass grafting. There were nine in-hospital reocclusions of the infarct related coronary arteries. Two bleeding episodes occurred; one required transfusion. Five of the 50 patients died in hospital. All of them had had an anterior myocardial infarction; four had bifascicular block and one had right bundle branch block. During follow up, four patients died, two suddenly and two from reinfarction. During follow up (mean 15 months) the frequency of reinfarction, dyspnoea, and angina was low and there was no difference in the proportions of patients returning to work between those with an open infarct related artery and those with a closed infarct related artery. Intravenous administration of high dose streptokinase to selected patients during the acute phase of myocardial infarction is a safe, effective, and practical method of thrombolysis. It must, however, be followed by coronary arteriography to select those patients in whom percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting will be helpful.
 ...
PMID:High dose intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction--short and long term prognosis. 395 7


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>