Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-one patients with cutaneous necrotizing vascultis were studied for immunological and coagulation disturbances. Serum immunoglobulin levels did not correlate with tissue deposition of the corresponding immunoglobulins in the lesions of cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis. In all instances, localization of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen, when present in the lesions of necrotizing vasculitis, was limited to the vascular wall or perivascular space. Soluble fibrinogen-fibrin complexes (cryoprofibrin) were detected in the blood of four of 17 patients with cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis. Since it represents a product of the limited action of thrombin on fibrinogen, its presence in the blood in some patients with necrotizing vasculitis suggests that intravascular coagulation may play a part in the pathogenesis of the disease. In 12 of the 31 patients studied, a cause of the vasculitis was found or presumed.
 ...
PMID:Necrotizing vasculitis. Etiologic aspects of immunology and coagulopathy. 23 73

The purpose of the study was to explore hemostasis in children suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis (HV) by means of the new amidolytic methods using chromogenic substrates. The patient's plasma was studied for the content of thrombin, trypsin, factor Xa, AT-III, kallikrein, plasmin, free heparin, urokinase, factor 3 of platelets, prothrombin and Willebrand's factor. 69 children with HV were entered into the study. All of them were examined during crises. In cutaneous HV, the content of trypsin decreased 3-fold, the content of factor Xa increased 5-fold; there was a negligible increase in the plasmin and AT-III levels; the content of kallikrein rose 2-fold, that of urokinase 60-fold; the release of platelet factor 3 was intensified 1.5-fold, the activity of prothrombin 3-fold. These data indicate that in cutaneous HV, blood coagulation increased. However, the signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were lacking because of the high blood anticoagulant activity. In mixed HV, the phase of hypercoagulation was not made for by the blood anticoagulant activity, since the latter one was depleted. The capillary toxic nephritis may give rise to disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with the depletion of the anticoagulant component. The gravity of HV and its complications can be predicted according to the characteristics of the anticoagulant component of hemostasis, especially according to the levels of urokinase and AT-III.
 ...
PMID:[State of hemostasis in hemorrhagic vasculitis in children]. 151 26

Biological adhesives are made of human plasma and bovine heterologous proteins. These entail a poorly documented risk of sensitization. We report about two allergic accidents caused by the injection of Tissucol in the pituitary mucosa of patients suffering from the Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. The clinical picture of the first case was that of a serum sickness, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis was demonstrated. The second case was a delayed hypersensitivity accident, which was confirmed by the subsequent allergological investigation. Although the responsibility of thrombin seems to be evidenced in these two cases, it nevertheless remains exceptional. However, the risk of sensitization following repeated injections of heterologous proteins in a mucosa with a particularly high immunological responsiveness must be well-known. The increasing use of these biological products will probably result in a growing number of accidents, and we must now contemplate the possibility of screening this sensitization before using biological adhesive. Finally, the possibility of latent sensitization by the ingestion of beef must also be considered.
 ...
PMID:[Hypersensitivity accidents to thrombin following the use of biological glues]. 152 66

Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) is a rheumatic disorder characterized by widespread vasculitis. To better define the nature of the vasculitic process and to possibly outline assessment methods reliable for using in a clinical context, we studied plasma levels of three endothelial related peptides: fibronectin (FN), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and those of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT) as markers of activation of the coagulation in 21 patients and in 16 controls. In EMC we found a picture consisting of reduced FN and increased vWF, t-PA, and TAT levels, suggesting a condition of endothelial cell damage with thrombin formation in vivo. Since we previously demonstrated the presence of chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation in these patients, we may assume that endothelial cells stressed by cryoprecipitation or stimulated by soluble mediators may be actively involved in the vasculitic process and possibly express procoagulant properties. This is a good example of the complex interplay existing between autoimmunity and coagulation mechanisms. We also suggest that FN, vWF, t-PA and TAT should be considered as additional clinical parameters when evaluating patients with EMC.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of endothelial damage markers in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. 195 Mar 76

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) takes its name from the characteristic rash that occurs as a consequence of vasculitis associated with rickettsial invasion of the endothelium. The authors examined sera from 14 patients with serologically confirmed RMSF for the presence of antibodies (IgG and IgM) reactive with human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells and with the phospholipids cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidyl serine (PS). Sera from 7 patients (50%) exhibited antiendothelial antibodies, and 10 (71%) patient sera reacted with CL and/or PS. Because such antibodies may interfere with or augment endothelial thrombosis-related activities, acute and convalescent sera were tested for their effects on endothelial PGI2 secretion and protein C activation. Acute sera from two patients and convalescent sera from four patients stimulated protein C activation. Additionally, sera from five acute and nine convalescent cases inhibited basal endothelial PGI2 secretion, but sera from two acute and three convalescent cases stimulated thrombin-dependent PGI2 secretion. These results demonstrated that, in a significant proportion of patients, RMSF was accompanied by the appearance of antibodies that bound to endothelial cells and to phospholipids; some of these antibodies may have altered anticoagulant endothelial functions.
 ...
PMID:Serologic characterization of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Appearance of antibodies reactive with endothelial cells and phospholipids, and factors that alter protein C activation and prostacyclin secretion. 202 28

Plasma antithrombin III (AT III) was studied in 39 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 12 patients with other connective tissue disorders. AT III was measured immunologically by the Mancini method as well as by functional assay using thrombin and the chromogenic substrate, chromozyn TH (Boehringer). Reduced AT III activity was found in 17 patients; 8 had thrombosis. In 6 patients low AT III correlated with disease exacerbations and 2 had systemic vasculitis. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between low AT III levels and thromboembolic disease. A marked variation of functional AT III activity was observed in 30 patients in whom the presence of the lupus anticoagulant was demonstrated. The significance of this association is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Antithrombin III in systemic lupus erythematosus. 644 39

FUT-175, 6-amidino-2-naphthyl p-guanidinobenzoate dimethanesulfonate (nafamstat mesilate), a novel synthetic protease-inhibiting agent, was studied to determine its in vitro effects against various proteases and other enzymes, as well as to determine its in vivo protease inhibitory effects. FUT-175 was found to inhibit, in an intense, specific and reversible way, the enzyme activities of trypsin, C1r, C1s, thrombin, kallikrein and plasmin with IC50 values of the order of 10(-6)-10(-8) M. FUT-175 also inhibited complement-mediated hemolysis, including both classical and alternative pathways, sites of inhibition being on C1r and C1s as evidenced by the intermediate-cell technique. In animal model reactions in which the complement system is known to be involved as pathogenetic factors, e.g., Forssman shock, Forssman cutaneous vasculitis, zymosan-induced paw edema, endotoxin shock and local Shwartzman reaction, FUT-175 was highly effective in that, for example, intravenous dosing at 3 mg/kg could completely protect guinea pigs from the lethal Forssman shock. FUT-175 was also found to be effective in trypsin-induced shock in mice, in lethality due to thrombin-thrombosis in mice and in kinin formation in the inflammatory process in rats.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological studies of FUT-175, nafamstat mesilate. I. Inhibition of protease activity in in vitro and in vivo experiments. 648 87

Activated factor VIIa (FVIIa), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), D-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) were measured to monitor coagulation status in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Subjects included 14 patients with systemic JCA, 16 with pauciarticular JCA and 16 with polyarticular JCA without disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, thrombosis or liver dysfunction. All types of JCA showed an increase of FVIIa, D-dimer and TAT, indicating enhanced activation of coagulation. In systemic JCA only there was also characteristically an elevation of vWF:Ag. We conclude that all types of JCA constitute a state of subclinical hypercoagulopathy caused by tissue damage and that additionally systemic JCA involves a prothrombotic state associated with or precipitated by vasculitis.
 ...
PMID:Increase of activated factor VIIA and haemostatic molecular markers in juvenile chronic arthritis. 778 78

Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system (IACNS) is an extremely rare disorder in childhood. This report presents an 8-year-old female case of IACNS. She showed paresis at the right face and upper limb at the onset, followed by various focal neurological symptoms. Cranial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple subcortical high signal lesions, which appeared and disappeared in accordance with her clinical manifestations. The level of her plasma thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) was high during the active phase of the illness and seemed to be a useful marker for the detection of vasculitis in the CNS. Complete remission was achieved by the combination therapy of prednisone and cyclophosphamide.
 ...
PMID:[A female case of isolated angiitis of the central nervous system]. 828 Apr 46

The deposition of circulating immune reactants in blood vessels, an important event in the pathogenesis of certain types of vasculitis, requires an increase in permeability in the endothelial monolayer. An in vitro model to examine the integrity of endothelial cell monolayers and their response to inflammatory mediators has been developed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown to confluence on an FITC-labelled matrix and monolayer integrity was assessed by the exclusion of a 125I-anti-FITC antibody. Alteration in endothelial monolayer permeability was associated with an increase in uptake of 125I-anti-FITC antibody, expressed as a percentage of the maximal uptake of antibody on to FITC-matrix from which endothelial cells had been stripped. We determined the effects on endothelial monolayer permeability of acute agonists (thrombin and histamine), cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-1 and IL-4) and combinations of acute agonists and cytokines. Addition of thrombin in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 15 U/ml led to an increased uptake of 125I-anti-FITC antibody from 2% to 15% relative to unstimulated endothelium. For other agonists and cytokines the increases in permeability were: (i) histamine (50-400 pmol/ml) increased uptake 5-22%; (ii) TNF (12.5-100 ng/ml) increased uptake 2-12%; (iii) IFN-gamma (125-250 U/ml) increased uptake 1.5-3%. IL-1 beta (50-100 U/ml) and IL-4 (50-100 U/ml) had no effect. Synergistic interactions on endothelial monolayer permeability were seen with the following combinations: (i) IL-4 (100 U/ml) and TNF (12.5 ng/ml) uptake 11%; (ii) IL-4 (100 U/ml) and IFN-gamma (125 U/ml) uptake 6.5%; (iii) TNF (12.5 ng/ml) and IFN-gamma (125 ng/ml) uptake 7%; (iv) thrombin (0.5 U/ml) and histamine (50 pmol/ml) uptake 13.5%; and (v) TNF (12.5 ng/ml) and thrombin (0.5 U/ml) uptake 8.5%. These observations suggest that interactions between cytokines and acute inflammatory mediators such as thrombin and histamine may be important in determining whether immune complexes are deposited in vessel walls. This model system may now be useful for the further investigation in vitro of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated vascular damage.
 ...
PMID:Combinations of low concentrations of cytokines and acute agonists synergize in increasing the permeability of endothelial monolayers. 842 96


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>