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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the coagulation and complement systems during Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Macaca mulatta experimentally infected with Rickettsia rickettsii. Ninety-one percent of monkeys infected intravenously with a high dose (10(6) plaque-forming units [pfu]) and 56% of monkeys infected with low doses (10(-1)-10(2) pfu) of R. rickettsii died after two to four days of illness. With the onset of fever and rickettsemia, animals developed hyperfibrinogenemia, mild thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin and activated thromboplastin times, and increased serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). Rickettsemia, thrombocytopenia, and FDP were greater in fatally ill monkeys than in survivors. Hemolytic titers of the second and third components of complement were not depressed except in a single surviving monkey that developed peripheral gangrenous ecchymoses at a time when both rickettsemia and agglutinating antibody were present. Thus, although activation and consumption of complement may occur during Rocky Mountain spotted fever, the hemostatic disturbances in fulminant infections seem to be a direct effect of the infectious vasculitis.
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PMID:Studies of the coagulation and complement systems during experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever in rhesus monkeys. 40 34

The purpose of the study was to explore hemostasis in children suffering from hemorrhagic vasculitis (HV) by means of the new amidolytic methods using chromogenic substrates. The patient's plasma was studied for the content of thrombin, trypsin, factor Xa, AT-III, kallikrein, plasmin, free heparin, urokinase, factor 3 of platelets, prothrombin and Willebrand's factor. 69 children with HV were entered into the study. All of them were examined during crises. In cutaneous HV, the content of trypsin decreased 3-fold, the content of factor Xa increased 5-fold; there was a negligible increase in the plasmin and AT-III levels; the content of kallikrein rose 2-fold, that of urokinase 60-fold; the release of platelet factor 3 was intensified 1.5-fold, the activity of prothrombin 3-fold. These data indicate that in cutaneous HV, blood coagulation increased. However, the signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were lacking because of the high blood anticoagulant activity. In mixed HV, the phase of hypercoagulation was not made for by the blood anticoagulant activity, since the latter one was depleted. The capillary toxic nephritis may give rise to disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with the depletion of the anticoagulant component. The gravity of HV and its complications can be predicted according to the characteristics of the anticoagulant component of hemostasis, especially according to the levels of urokinase and AT-III.
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PMID:[State of hemostasis in hemorrhagic vasculitis in children]. 151 26

We report the case of a patient with SLE who had repeated ulceration of the small intestine requiring emergency surgery. Pathologic examination revealed microthrombosis and vasculitis at the site of the intestinal ulcers. High levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged prothrombin time coincided with the episodes of intestinal ulceration. Antiphospholipid antibodies may be involved in the development of thrombosis resulting in the repeated episodes of intestinal ulceration in this patient. This possibility should be considered in patients with SLE who have intestinal ulceration and appropriate antithrombotic medication should be administered.
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PMID:Repeated intestinal ulcerations in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and high serum antiphospholipid antibody levels. 201 44

Lupus anticoagulant was determined in lupus erythematosus as an antibody inhibiting prothrombin activation in phospholipid coagulation tests without specific suppression of any coagulation factors. The available information concerning properties and mechanisms of action of lupus anticoagulant are rather controversial as there exist a group of similar coagulation inhibitors that represent antiphospholipid antibodies. In spite of a considerable increase of a coagulation test time prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, the presence of the lupus anticoagulant is rarely followed by haemorrhagic diathesis. On the contrary, recurring thromboembolic complications, pathology of gestation are observed in patients with this or other antibodies against phospholipids. The appearance of the antiphospholipid antibodies is described in infections, haematological processes, systemic vasculitis, tumours, may be provoked by a long use of some medicinal preparations. Circulation of the lupus coagulant and other antibodies against phospholipids is of a chronic type while in infections diseases it is of an acute transitory character.
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PMID:[The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: its pathogenesis and clinico-morphological manifestations]. 211 34

Case records of 14 women with spontaneous recurrent fetal wastage were analyzed. Venous and/or arterial thrombosis developed in nine patients and vasospastic symptoms in eight. Every patient had some kind of autoantibodies: prothrombin activation inhibitor was present in seven cases, anticardiolipin in five, and, antimitochondrial antibodies in two. Antinuclear antibodies were present in seven cases, and significant titer of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in nine cases. With a mean follow up of 6.5 years no patient developed systemic lupus erythematosus. It is suggested that such women have a peculiar form of vasculitis.
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PMID:Spontaneous recurrent fetal wastage and autoimmune abnormalities: a study of fourteen cases. 348 73

Goats, sheep and calves were inoculated intravenously with strain Y3343 of the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides isolated from a goat with polyarthritis. The goats and sheep died of septicemia (one was killed in extremis) within eight days. The goats had leukopenia and granulocytopenia. Coagulopathy was indicated in some goats; the fibrinogen titer, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times increased with the progress of disease and the number of platelets decreased dramatically in one goat. Goats and sheep had cellulitis at the site of inoculation, pleural hemorrhages, pneumonia, myocarditis, renal infarcts, glomerulitis, adrenal cortical necrosis, enteritis, focal splenic necrosis, polyarthritis and lymphadenitis. Vasculitis and thrombi were seen occasionally, suggesting that vascular changes, perhaps together with coagulopathy, had a role in pathogenesis. One of two experimental calves developed a slight fever, arthritis and minor inflammation of adrenal tissue. Calves seen less susceptible to the mycoplasma organism given intravenously than do goats or sheep.
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PMID:Experimental infection of goats, sheep and calves with the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. 700 31

Atherosclerotic lesions usually occur in the proximal and middle portion of the coronary arteries. Multiple obstructive lesions appearing only in the peripheral branches without lesions in the proximal or distal portion have not been reported. We encountered a patient with ischemic heart disease showing multiple obstruction in the peripheral branches of the right and left coronary arteries without significant stenotic lesions in the proximal or middle portion. This 49-year-old male was admitted to Yamada Red Cross Hospital due to angina pectoris. Coronary risk factors for him included hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, smoking habit, and obesity. Laboratory studies showed a complete blood count and normal blood chemistries, as well as thromboplastin and prothrombin times. Coronary angiography showed multiple obstruction or marked stenosis in the distal portion and peripheral branches; there was no stenosis in the proximal and middle portions. Left ventriculography showed severe hypokinesis in the diaphragmatic segment. Biopsy of the left ventricular endocardium showed interstitial fibrosis but showed no abnormalities in the myocardial fibers or cell infiltration to perivascular areas and vascular walls. Coronary angiography after two months showed multiple lesions, as previously observed. Although ischemic heart disease is caused by various types of vasculitis, embolism, coronary spasm, and fibromuscular dysplasia, in this patient, there were no findings suggestive of causes other than atherosclerosis. This case is interesting in terms of rare angiographic findings and its cause.
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PMID:Ischemic heart disease showing unusual angiographic findings. 834 Oct 3

Endothelial injury in vivo induced by Rickettsia Conorii, the etiologic agent of Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) has been recently demonstrated. We sought to determine whether platelet and/or coagulative activation in vivo can be demonstrated in the acute phase of MSF, through measurements of a major metabolite of thromboxane (TX) in the urine (11-dehydro-TXB2) and of plasma prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, whose levels reflect activation of prothrombin to thrombin. Moreover, we measured plasma endothelin-1 as marker of endothelial dysfunction. Our results provide biochemical evidence for the occurrence of TXA2-dependent platelet activation and thrombin generation in vivo, together with endothelial dysfunction. These phenomena could account for clinical manifestations of MSF, such as vasculitis and focal microthrombus formation. These results could also provide a rationale for testing the efficacy of aspirin or heparin in reducing the prothrombotic status of Rickettsiae diseases.
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PMID:Demonstration of Rickettsia Conorii-induced coagulative and platelet activation in vivo in patients with Mediterranean spotted fever. 858 98

The family of antiphospholipid antibodies includes antibodies binding to cardiolipin in serological test for syphilis, antibodies prolonging the clotting time in lupus anticoagulant test, antibodies reacting with plasma phospholipid-binding proteins, such as beta 2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin, and antibodies binding to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Antiphospholipid antibodies are traditionally associated with arterial and venous thrombosis in patients with primary or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. The recent studies, especially those on patients with myocardial infarction, extend the concept of antiphospholipid antibodies, and suggest that they play a role also in atherosclerosis. Based on the clinical studies and immunological findings, it seems that the differences in the specificity of antiphospholipid antibodies may reflect to their pathogenetic mechanisms and, finally, to their clinical consequences. The present review suggests that antibodies to oxidized LDL may not interfere directly with blood coagulation, but seem to have importance in the inflammation of the vessel wall in atherosclerosis and in vasculitis. Instead, antibodies to beta 2-glycoprotein I and to prothrombin show a closer association with thrombosis. It is possible that in the atherosclerotic plaque, the plasma proteins, such as beta 2-glycoprotein I or prothrombin, are bound to the endothelial surface and antibodies to cryptic epitopes revealed in these proteins are induced. These antibodies may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic thrombosis by changing the balance of haemostasis toward hypercoagulative state.
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PMID:Antiphospholipid antibodies and atherosclerosis. 890 78

We reported 2 children with suspected primary vasculitis of mesenteric vessels. Both children were admitted to our hospital with the complaints of abdominal pain, bloody stool or diarrhea. Laboratory examination simultaneously revealed leukocytosis with dominant neutrophils, positive CRP, and hypoalbuminemia. Although prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were within normal limits, the increased levels of FDP-E, D-dimer, and von Willebrand factor activity were observed, which suggested the endothelial cell activation and the coagulation/fibrinolysis system activation. Abdominal echography and CT scanning demonstrated the edematous thickening of intestinal or colon walls probably due to the vasculitic permeability changes of mesenteric artery. During the disease courses, skin rash, bleeding tendency, arthritis and proteinuria were not observed, and no autoantibodies including anti-nuclear antibody, anti-DNA antibody, and myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, were detected. Taken together, we suspected these children as restricted vasculitis of mesenteric vessels. Intravenous prednisolone was administrated, and the clinical and laboratory abnormalities recovered completely within 2 weeks. Thus, we suggested that the leukocyte counts, CRP, and the determination of von Willebrand factor and coagulation/fibrinolysis study accompanied with X-ray, echography, and CT scanning will be useful for the early diagnosis of vasculitis before the pathologic and irreversible vascular damage are demonstrated.
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PMID:[Two children with suspected primary vasculitis of mesenteric vessels--a case report]. 1086 31


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