Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four patients presenting an acute stroke with watershed cerebral infarct on CT scan or MRI were included in this retrospective study. Age was 63 +/- 14 years (mean +/- SD), and sex ratio was 2 men for 1 woman. Main clinical features were: in anterior location, lower limb weakness and frontal syndrome with transcortical motor aphasia in left lesions or spatial dyscalculia in right ones; in posterior location, brachiofacial weakness with constant quadranopsia and hypoesthesia, and Gerstmann syndrome in left lesion. There was no distinctive feature for subcortical and multiple infarcts. In bilateral infarcts, there were one pseudobulbar syndrome, and 2 pseudo brainstem syndromes with neuropsychological signs. Aetiologies were severe carotid artery disease in 14 cases, severe cardiopathy in 6, isolated cerebral angiitis in 1, essential thrombocythemia in 1, protein C deficiency with sickle cell disease in 1, and cholesterol emboli in 1 anatomical case. CBF performed in carotid artery occlusions or tight stenoses showed evidence of haemodynamic changes. Microembolic process can be proposed in the case with cholesterol emboli. Preventive treatment is discussed.
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PMID:Watershed cerebral infarcts: retrospective study of 24 cases. 135

Exposures to neurotoxic chemicals such as pesticides, glues, solvents, etc. are known to induce neurologic and psychiatric symptomatology. We report on 41 patients--16 young patients (6 males, 10 females, age 34 +/- 8 yrs.) and 25 elderly patients (9 males, 16 females, age 55 +/- 7 yrs). Fifteen of them were exposed to pesticides, and 29 to solvents. They were studied with quantitative and qualitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), performed with 30 mCi of Xe-133 by inhalation, followed by 30 mCi of Tc-HMPAO given intravenously. Imaging was performed with a brain dedicated system, distribution of rCBF was assessed with automatic ROI definition, and HMPAO was normalized to maximal pixel activity in the brain. Results of Xe rCBF are expressed as mean and S.D. in ml/min/100g, and HMPAO as mean and S.D. uptake per ROI, and compared with age-matched controls--10 young and 20 elderly individuals. table: see text] We conclude that patients exposed to chemicals present with diminished CBF, worse in the right hemisphere, with random presentation of areas of hypoperfusion, more prevalent in the dorsal frontal and parietal lobes. These findings are significantly different from observations in patients with chronic fatigue and depression, suggesting primary cortical effect, possibly due to a vasculitis process.
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PMID:NeuroSPECT findings in patients exposed to neurotoxic chemicals. 777 14

Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system (IAC) is an inflammatory, rare vasculopathy confined to the central nervous system, and the exact etiology has remained uncertain. We report serial changes in the vasculature and the mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF) in two patients with IAC. The first patient, a 58-year-old female, had sudden onset of severe headache and CT 4 days later showed cerebral hemorrhage in the frontal lobe. MRA revealed that the main trunks were dilated on admission, whereas two weeks later, diffuse narrowing of affected arteries occurred in multiple vascular distributions. She required about two months for almost full recovery in MRA findings. Mean CBF during the period of vascular narrowing did not correlate with the form of vasculature, and was much the same as that in the chronic phase. The second patient, a 24-year-old female, presented with severe headache one day after delivery following an uncomplicated pregnancy. MRA findings showed that, at first, segmental stenoses were located only in the peripheral regions of the middle cerebral artery, but this vascular abnormality spread to the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries. She showed almost full recovery in MRA findings after about 3 months. SPECT analysis showed approximately 35% decrease in mCBF compared with that in the chronic phase. In the first case, hyperemia, which was caused by inflammatory cells infiltrating into the brain parenchyma through the vessel wall, contributed to cerebral hemorrhage. On the other hand, in the second case it was presumed that because inflammation was restricted to the vascular wall, mCBF consequently correlated with the form of vasculature. Our experience suggests that IAC has several etiologies.
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PMID:[Chronological changes in the vasculature and the cerebral blood flow of two patients with isolated angiitis of the central nervous system]. 1367 6