Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The evolution of malignant hypertension was studied under metabolic balance conditions in 11 uninephrectomized rats given deoxycorticosterone acetate and 1% NaCl as drinking water. Changes in sodium and potassium balance were related to changes in blood pressure, plasma renin activity, hematocrit, and kidney histology. After 3-4 weeks of steadily positive sodium balance accompanied by continuously increasing blood pressure up to 185 plus or minus 19 (SE) mm Hg, periods of sodium loss accompanied by evidence of hemoconcentration were observed marking the onset of the malignant phase as defined by the development of fibrinoid necrosis in the kidney. Plasma renin activity remained markedly suppressed both at the fourth week (0.33 plus or minus 0.02 ng/ml hour-1) when the sodium balance was positive and the kidney biopsy negative and at the end of the experiment (0.35 plus or minus 0.36 ng/ml hour-1) when the sodium balance was negative and the kidney histology revealed malignant vasculitis. Infusion of the angiotensin II inhibitor 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II consistently failed to affect blood pressure, and the kidney tissue norepinephrine level was reduced (0.054 plus or minus 0.01 mug/g) compared with the control level (0.132 plus or minus 0.02 mug/g). We conclude that malignant vasculitis in this model is preceded by hypertension associated with sodium and water retention and is accompanied by negative sodium balance, decreases in body weight, falling blood pressure, and hemoconcentration without demonstrable participation of the renin-angiotensin system or the renal catecholamines.
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PMID:Malignant hypertension resulting from deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt excess: role of renin and sodium in vascular changes. 23 7

Acute toxicity of the leaves and extracts of Dichapetalum barteri for mice, rabbits and goats was investigated. Consumption of 0.5 g/kg and 2.2 g/kg body weight of dried leaves was lethal to rabbits and goats, respectively, within 4 h. Plants collected in the dry season were more toxic than those collected during the wet season. Clinical signs observed were initial depression followed by restlessness, convulsions, and death. The main lesions observed were acute vasculitis and congestion of the liver, lung, kidney, spleen as well as extensive oedema and congestion of the myocardium. The water extract of the leaves was lethal to mice at 2.0 g/kg, to rabbits at 0.1 g/kg and toxic to isolated rabbit heart at 2 mg/ml of Locke's solution. Monofluoroacetate was detected in the plant material and is probably the toxic principle of D. barteri.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of the leaves and extracts of Dichapetalum barteri (Engl.) in mice, rabbits and goats. 40 11

Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia complicated by a generalized cutaneous vasculitis developed in a patient receiving home hemodialysis therapy. Because the Aeromonas organism is found in many natural water sources, the possibility that this patient's hemodialysis system became contaminated was explored. Although cultures from the patient's home environment showed no Aeromonas sp, the possibility still exists that the site of contamination was in the dialysis system.
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PMID:Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis therapy. 57 73

Effects of betaxolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, on blood pressure and hypertensive complications in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were investigated. Betaxolol was provided in a dose of 33 +/- 1.8 mg/kg/day, orally in drinking water, throughout the experimental period. The chronic treatment with betaxolol inhibited the development of hypertension in SHRSP and reduced values of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol in serum. Treatment with betaxolol apparently inhibited the incidence of hypertensive lesions such as cardiac fibrosis, mesenteric vasculitis, proliferative and/or necrotic vasculitis and glomeruli showing collapse or vasculitis in the kidneys. To shorten the time before the onset of hypertension and the subsequent stroke, SHRSP were kept on a SP diet containing 0.39% Na instead of the F-2 diet. When the SHRSP were kept on the SP diet, all of the control SHRSP had cerebral apoplexy and severe hypertensive lesions in the heart and kidney. When betaxolol was chronically administered to SHRSP, cerebral apoplexy and hypertensive lesions in the heart and kidney were inhibited, but the effect on blood pressure was slight. Treatment with betaxolol reduced serum creatinine levels. Our observations show that betaxolol reduces blood pressure and potently inhibits hypertensive complications in SHRSP.
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PMID:[Antihypertensive effects of betaxolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP)]. 197 70

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cellular polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an irreversible inhibitor of ODC and thereby depletes putrescine and spermidine levels in vivo and in vitro. Previous studies in lupus-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice treated with 1% DFMO in drinking water have been associated with improved lifespan, and reduced anti-DNA antibody production, lymphadenopathy, and splenic polyamine levels. Since glomerulonephritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in lupus, we studied the effect of DFMO on renal histology of MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Female BALB/c and MRL-(+)/+ mice were used as controls. Dose response studies revealed that 1.5% DFMO in drinking water had maximum therapeutic efficacy and produced a significant 79% increase in the median lifespan of a group of 20 mice compared to an equal number of controls (P less than 0.001). Renal histologic studies were performed on kidney sections from four to five mice each from DFMO-treated and untreated groups at 12, 16, 20, 24 and 29 weeks of age. Sections were read blinded to duration and treatment and scored by four major histologic criteria (glomerulonephritis, interstitial inflammation, perivascular inflammation, and vasculitis) and showed significant reduction in all these parameters in DFMO-treated mice when compared to age- and sex-matched untreated mice of the same strain. DFMO treatment had no significant effect on pulmonary histologic findings on these mice. DFMO treatment reduced ODC activity and polyamine concentrations in treated mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Successful treatment of lupus nephritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase. 206 4

All rats subjected to total or paradoxical sleep deprivation by the disk apparatus developed severe ulcerative and hyperkeratotic skin lesions localized to the plantar surfaces of their paws and to their tails. Yoked control rats only occasionally developed similar appearing lesions, which were always much less severe than in deprived rats. The deprived rat lesions could not be explained by pressure, disk rotation, water immersion, infection, necrotizing vasculitis, tyrosinemia, protein deficiency, or reduced rates of mitosis. Thus, although paw and tail lesions constitute a very reliable and severe symptom of total or selective sleep deprivation in the rat that potentially could yield insights into the pathogenic mechanisms induced by sleep loss, the mediation of the lesions remains unknown.
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PMID:Sleep deprivation in the rat: VI. Skin changes. 292 24

A 59-year-old woman with anemia became totally blind after repeated gastrointestinal bleeding and acute hypotension. Neuropathologic examination was normal apart from bilateral infarctions centered on the orbital portion of the optic nerves. This is the only "pure" histopathologic study of visual loss after hemorrhage and hypotension in the recent literature, the single previous case being complicated by arteriosclerosis and vasculitis. The authors suggest that visual loss after hypotension is of three types. Profound hypotension in patients with neither anemia nor arteriosclerosis generally causes water-shed infarctions in the parietal and occipital lobes. Brief hypotension combined with arteriosclerosis favors juxtalaminar optic nerve infarction indistinguishable from spontaneous anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. In anemic patients without arteriosclerotic risk factors, hypotension is likely to cause infarction in the orbital optic nerve, where pial end vessels are subject to compression from hypoxic edema.
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PMID:Bilateral retrobulbar optic nerve infarctions after blood loss and hypotension. A clinicopathologic case study. 350 58

One hundred patients with ischemic finger ulceration had detailed prospective evaluation to determine the incidence of associated diseases, response to treatment, and natural history of the condition. A potentially serious associated disease was detected in each patient including autoimmune disease in 54%, Buerger's disease in 9%, arteriosclerosis obliterans in 9%, hypersensitivity angiitis in 22%, and miscellaneous diseases in 6%. Conservative treatment with soap and water scrubs, antibiotics, and local resection/debridement resulted in long-term healing without recurrence in 88% of patients. Most recurrences occurred in patients with autoimmune disease, usually scleroderma or CRST.
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PMID:Upper extremity ischemia caused by small artery disease. 366 61

Various immunologic abnormalities have been implicated in cold urticaria. This is the first report of cold urticaria associated with C4 deficiency and elevated IgM. A 12-year-old male developed urticaria upon exposure to cold. He denied fever, purpura, hemoglobinuria, Raynaud's disease, or arthralgias. Family history was negative for cold urticaria. Immunologic studies revealed elevated IgM (186 mg/dL) as well as decreased CH100 and C4 (8.0 mg/dL). C1, C2, and C3 were normal. Ice cube skin test was positive, but passive transfer tests were negative. Biopsy was not diagnostic for vasculitis, although it revealed a few immunofluorescent deposits of IgM and C4. Complement genetic studies revealed deficiency of two half-null C4 haplotypes expressed as C4A*3QO and B*2QO.
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PMID:Cold urticaria associated with C4 deficiency and elevated IgM. 396 23

With advancing age and in the absence of any disease, there is a significant alteration in kidney structure and a gradual decline in renal function. While RPF, GFR, and tubular reabsorptive capacity decrease with age, abnormal signs or symptoms cannot be detected under ordinary circumstances. The aging kidneys, however, have limited capacity to cope with rapid hemodynamic changes or disturbances in fluid and water balance, and this results in signs and symptoms of renal dysfunction. In the elderly, the incidence of primary renal diseases declines while the incidence of renal diseases secondary to systemic disease increases. AGN, while essentially a disease of the young, does occur in the older age group. RPGN, however, is the most common form of acute primary glomerulonephropathy, followed by membranous glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis. Glomerulonephritis secondary to vasculitis and Wegener's granulomatosis and amyloidosis constitutes the most common secondary glomerulonephropathy. Drug-induced acute or chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy is seen more frequently in the geriatric age group because of the high incidence of multiple-drug treatment. There is a high incidence of ARF in the elderly which is frequently precipitated by hypovolemia, hypotension, nephrotoxic drugs, surgery, and anesthesia. Clinical manifestations of renal disease in the elderly are often atypical and nonspecific. Abnormal signs and symptoms are frequently attributed to extrarenal diseases or to previously existing disorders. For these reasons, renal disease in the elderly may go undetected. Serum creatinine level may remain within normal range despite a drop in GFR because of a reduction in muscle mass with aging. Therefore, creatinine clearance is a more accurate test for assessment of renal function. A decrease in creatinine clearance should not be ignored or attributed to aging; it is an indication for further renal evaluation.
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PMID:Renal disease in the elderly. 633 24


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