Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation with purpura fulminans 1 month after starting Dilantin therapy for a seizure disorder. In addition, the patient developed exfoliative dermatitis, hepatitis, cutaneous vasculitis, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. She was successfully treated with adrenal steroids and heparin for her purpura fulminans. The hepatitic dermatologic, along with hemorrhagic, complications of Dilantin are reviewed, and the possible origin of the vasculitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation is discussed.
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PMID:Dilantin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation with purpura fulminans. A case report. 114 59

Phenytoin is used for the treatment and prevention of fits. We investigated all patients reported to have phenytoin allergy in our hospital and found 42 confirmed cases. Sixty-nine percent were female and 83.3% were Chinese. The mean age of the patients was 46.5 years. The reactions reported were maculopapular rash (71.4%), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (14.3%), fever (4.8%), generalized exfoliative dermatitis (2.4%), toxic epidermal necrolysis (2.4%), vasculitis (2.4%) and agranulocytosis (2.4%). In conclusion, the majority of reported allergic reactions to phenytoin were cutaneous (92.9%) and one fifth of these were potentially life-threatening.
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PMID:Allergic reactions to phenytoin in a general hospital in Singapore. 917 18

Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin or Dilantin) is a highly effective and widely prescribed anticonvulsant agent used in the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor epilepsy. In dermatology, phenytoin has been used to treat ulcers, epidermolysis bullosa, and inflammatory conditions. Its mechanism appears to involve its ability to inhibit collagenase. Its topical use for the promotion of wound healing seems promising but requires further trials. The side effects of phenytoin continue to create significant morbidity. Common side effects include gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of the facies, and hirsutism. Rarer cutaneous side effects include drug-induced lupus, purple-hand syndrome, pigmentary alterations, and IgA bullous dermatosis. It can cause generalized cutaneous eruptions that include a maculopapular exanthem, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, generalized exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, vasculitis, and fixed-drug eruptions. Phenytoin is linked to a hypersensitivity syndrome manifested by fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. Patients receiving phenytoin may develop pseudolymphoma or, rarely, malignant lymphoma and mycosis-fungoides-like lesions. Phenytoin can effect clotting function. Phenytoin can alter vitamin and mineral levels. Prenatal exposure to phenytoin may result in a spectrum of structural, developmental, and behavioral changes known as the fetal hydantoin syndrome. After 60 years of use, phenytoin uses and mechanisms of action have yet to be fully defined; the drug remains a useful tool and an important subject for additional research.
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PMID:Phenytoin in cutaneous medicine: its uses, mechanisms and side effects. 1295 53

Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin; Dilantin), ALZA Corp.) is a highly effective and widely prescribed anticonvulsant agent used in the treatment of focal and tonic clonic generalised seizures. The side effects of phenytoin can occassionally engender significant morbidity. Phenytoin can induce generalised eruptions that include: a maculopapular exanthem, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, generalised exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, vasculitis and fixed drug eruptions. Phenytoin is linked to a hypersensitivity syndrome that manifests with fever, rash and lymphadenopathy. Patients receiving phenytoin may develop pseudolymphoma or, rarely, malignant lymphoma and mycosis fungoides-like lesions. Rarer cutaneous side effects include drug-induced lupus, purple hand syndrome, pigmentary alterations and IgA bullous dermatosis. Phenytoin can effect clotting function and alter vitamin and mineral levels. Prenatal exposure to phenytoin may result in a spectrum of structural, developmental and behavioural changes, known as the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Patients who use phenytoin in the long-term commonly manifest with gingival hyperplasia, coarsening of the facies, and hirsutism.
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PMID:Impact of phenytoin therapy on the skin and skin disease. 1550 Apr 23

Phenytoin was introduced in 1938 for the control of seizure disorders and remains widely used today. Since that time, many cases of phenytoin-induced allergic reactions and clinical pulmonary disease have been reported. However, pulmonary vascular pathology from phenytoin use has been only very rarely described. We report a case of phenytoin-associated vasculitis in a 39-year-old African American man presenting with progressive dyspnea and abnormal chest imaging. The importance of reviewing the medication history along with familiarity with the array of drug-associated lung diseases is crucial to recognize and treat pneumotoxicity.
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PMID:Phenytoin-Associated Granulomatous Pulmonary Vasculitis. 2424 1

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease is a rare type of small-vessel vasculitis. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a syndrome of heterogeneous aetiologies grouped together based on similar neuroimaging findings. We report a rare case of a patient who received treatment for anti-GBM antibody disease who developed PRES. A 33-year-old woman presented with severe generalised oedema, proteinuria, haematuria, and cylindruria. She was diagnosed with anti-GBM antibody disease based on positive findings for anti-GBM antibodies and urinalysis. Haemodialysis was eventually required. She received steroid therapy, plasma exchange therapy, and intravenous cyclophosphamide, along with a red blood cell transfusion for progressive anaemia. After the transfusion, she experienced nausea, severe headache, visual hallucinations, and agitation followed by seizures and a rapid increase in blood pressure. Imaging studies led to a diagnosis of PRES. Renal failure improved with the decrease in anti-GBM antibodies, and haemodialysis was discontinued. Phenytoin was administered, and seizures disappeared. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that the treatment this patient underwent for anti-GBM antibody disease led to the development of PRES, we speculate that endothelial dysfunction leading to the development of PRES is caused not only by known risk factors such as cytotoxic agents, blood transfusions, or renal failure, but also by immunological abnormalities and subsequent inflammatory reactions due to anti-GBM antibody disease. These factors may be shared pathophysiologic mechanisms of PRES and anti-GBM antibody disease.
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PMID:Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. 3286 22