Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histological analysis of lung and kidney after multiple PAF i.v. injection into rabbits was performed. Under these conditions the effect of previously injected of verapamyl, calcium channel blocker, was studied. It was shown that RAF causes inflammatory reaction with cell infiltration, microcirculation disorders and thrombosis in lung and kidney, which may classify as interstitial nephritis, pneumonitis and vasculitis. Verapamyl inhibits vasospasm, abolishes fibrinogen but does not affect cell infiltration and oedema development. Thus, Ca channel-dependent mechanism of vasospasm and thrombogenesis induced by PAF in vivo is confirmed. Perhaps, another possibilities for realising PAF action in vivo may occur.
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PMID:[A morphologic analysis of changes in the lungs and kidneys caused by acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and limited by verapamil]. 261 82

Dermatologic toxicities associated with anticancer-targeted therapy include hand-foot skin reactions, vasculitis, cutaneous epithelial proliferations, such as keratosis, keratoacanthoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In this case report, we describe alterations of tumor morphology and patterns of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) expression in a patient who received GSK2118436, a second-generation RAF inhibitor, for stage IV (M1c) metastatic melanoma. To explore the effects of GSK2118436 on the expression patterns of CDKI (p16, p21, p27, p57), we immunohistochemically evaluated in vivo melanoma cells pre- and posttreated with GSK2118436. After GSK2118436 treatment, the melanoma cells decreased in size and demonstrated hyperchromatic nuclei and indistinct nucleoli. p16 was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of pretreated melanoma cells and in the nucleus and cytoplasm in posttreated melanoma cells. Expression of both p27 (nucleus) and p57 (cytoplasm) was increased in posttreated melanoma cells and no significant difference in p21 expression was noted in either pre- or posttreated tumor cells. These findings may help explain the molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells retain the ability to proliferate. The persistent activation of pro-oncogenic activities of CDKI (eg, p27 and p57) and/or compartmentalization of p16 in cytoplasm or nucleus may allow tumor cells to bypass BRAF-induced senescence mechanisms. Furthermore, awareness of changes in tumor morphology after treatment with RAF inhibitors may be helpful in histologic evaluation of the spectrum of dermatologic toxicity, which may occur on targeted therapy.
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PMID:Changes in tumor morphology and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor expression in metastatic melanoma treated with selective second-generation BRAF inhibitor. 2287 67

Levamisole, an anthelmintic drug with cholinergic properties, has been implicated in cases of drug-induced vasculitis when added to cocaine for profit purposes. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a cell death mechanism characterized by extrusion of chromatin decorated with granule proteins. Aberrant NET formation and degradation have been implicated in idiopathic autoimmune diseases that share features with levamisole-induced autoimmunity as well as in drug-induced autoimmunity. This study's objective was to determine how levamisole modulates neutrophil biology and its putative effects on the vasculature. Murine and human neutrophils exposed to levamisole demonstrated enhanced NET formation through engagement of muscarinic subtype 3 receptor. Levamisole-induced NETosis required activation of Akt and the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, ROS induction through the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and peptidylarginine deiminase activation. Sera from two cohorts of patients actively using levamisole-adulterated cocaine displayed autoantibodies against NET components. Cutaneous biopsy material obtained from individuals exposed to levamisole suggests that neutrophils produce NETs in areas of vasculitic inflammation and thrombosis. NETs generated by levamisole were toxic to endothelial cells and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors on neutrophils by cholinergic agonists may contribute to the pathophysiology observed in drug-induced autoimmunity through the induction of inflammatory responses and neutrophil-induced vascular damage.
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PMID:A role for muscarinic receptors in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and levamisole-induced autoimmunity. 2819 38