Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Propylthiouracil and methimazole are frequently used in the management of hyperthyroidism. Two patients in whom adverse immunologic effects other than isolated agranulocytosis developed during treatment with propylthiouracil are described. A review of the literature revealed 53 similar cases over a 35-year period. Rash, fever, arthralgias and granulocytopenia were the most common manifestations. Vasculitis, particularly with cutaneous manifestations, occurs and may be fatal. The clinical evidence suggests that an immunologic mechanism is involved. A number of different autoantibodies were reported, but antinuclear antibodies were infrequent, and none of the cases met the criteria for a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Thus, the reactions do not represent a true drug-induced lupus syndrome. Current hypotheses and experimental data regarding the cause of the reactions are reviewed. No specific clinical subgroup at high risk can be identified, and manifestations may occur at any dosage and at any time during therapy. Cross-reactivity between the two antithyroid drugs can be expected. Except for minor symptoms (e.g., mild arthralgias or transient rash), such reactions are an indication for withdrawal of the drug and the use of alternative methods to control the hyperthyroidism. In rare cases of severe vasculitis a short course of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy may be helpful.
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PMID:Adverse immunologic effects of antithyroid drugs. 353 99

Propylthiouracil, which is commonly used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, has been associated in adults with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody, a serologic marker of vasculitis. Severe renal disease has not been reported as a complication of therapy with this drug. We report severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-positive vasculitis in children receiving propylthiouracil, as well as rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis after administration of this drug.
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PMID:Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-positive crescentic glomerulonephritis as a complication of treatment with propylthiouracil in children. 820 92

A 39-year-old Japanese woman had been receiving propylthiouracil for 5 years for hyperthyroidism when she developed myalgia, scleritis, proteinuria, fever, and inflammation of the nose. Examination of a renal biopsy specimen showed focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Indirect immunofluorescent staining showed a highly positive perinuclear pattern of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in her serum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the ANCA showed positivity for anti-proteinase 3, anti-myeloperoxidase, anti-leukocyte elastase, and anti-lactoferrin, but anti-cathepsin G and anti-lysozyme were negative. Because ELISA showed the titer of anti-leukocyte elastase antibody to be markedly elevated, we challenged this data by performing dot blot analysis. The patient's serum reacted with the native form, but not with denatured leukocyte elastase. Propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis was suspected. Symptoms abated within 2 weeks and all values of ANCA were reduced after the drug was withdrawn. Vasculitis is a rare side-effect of propylthiouracil therapy. Recently it was reported in association with ANCA. We present the findings of this patient and compare them with those described in 19 published cases of propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis associated with ANCA.
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PMID:Case of propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA); review of literature. 918 Dec 82

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is known to cause vasculitis as a rare complication. We report the case of a patient who developed alveolar haemorrhage and haematuria whilst treated with PTU. The serum was positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) with myeloperoxidase (MPO) specificity (MPO-ANCA). All symptoms resolved completely after discontinuation of PTU. Alveolar haemorrhage or pulmonary-renal syndrome associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody with myeloperoxidase specificity may be a new complication of propylthiouracil therapy.
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PMID:Propylthiouracil-induced alveolar haemorrhage associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. 919 50

Presented is a case of a 27-year-old male with Graves' disease on long-term propylthiouracil treatment who, when changed to carbimazole, rapidly developed a petechial and purpuric eruption on the legs, which subsequently flared on treatment with radioiodine. The clinical diagnosis of leucocytoclastic vasculitis was confirmed on skin biopsy. High-titre antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in a perinuclear pattern (P-ANCA) were identified. No anti-myeloperoxidase activity was noted; therefore, the P-ANCA were classified in the atypical group. The target antigens, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were lysozyme, lactoferrin and bactericidal/permeability increasing protein. Propylthiouracil and carbimazole are chemically related antithyroid drugs. There are reports of typical and atypical P-ANCA-positive cutaneous vasculitis due to propylthiouracil. Cutaneous vasculitis associated with atypical P-ANCA has not been noted previously to be temporally related to carbimazole use. The consideration of thionamides as possible aetiological agents in cases of P-ANCA-positive drug-induced vasculitis is suggested.
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PMID:Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with antithyroid therapy in Graves' disease. 961 79

Propylthiouracil (PTU) has recently been observed to be associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive small vessel vasculitis, resulting in crescentic glomerulonephritis and, infrequently, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). We describe a case of a 23-year-old pregnant woman who developed a perinuclear ANCA and antimyeloperoxidase-positive small vessel vasculitis manifesting as DAH and crescentic glomerulonephritis after she began taking PTU. An open lung biopsy was consistent with pulmonary capillaritis. She responded to corticosteroid therapy and discontinuation of PTU. DAH can be caused by pulmonary capillaritis, bland hemorrhage, or diffuse alveolar damage. To our knowledge, this represents the first documentation of an underlying pulmonary capillaritis in a case of PTU-induced DAH.
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PMID:Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary capillaritis due to propylthiouracil. 1055 22

Propylthiouracil (PTU), a drug commonly used for treatment of hyperthyroidism, is associated with various rare side effects. Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis is a relatively unusual complication among them. The pathogenesis of ANCA-positive vasculitis during PTU therapy is still obscure. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy who developed ANCA-positive vasculitis during PTU therapy for Graves' disease. His symptoms and signs were indistinguishable from anaphylactoid purpura, a common small-vessel vasculitis in children. The clinical manifestations improved after discontinuation of PTU and immunosuppressant treatment. He remained symptom-free at 11-months follow-up.
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PMID:Propylthiouracil-induced antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-positive anaphylactoid purpura-like vasculitis--a case report. 1096 8

Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related vasculitis and nephritis were recently reported in about 30 patients with hyperthyroidism. The objective of this study was to clarify the prevalence of ANCA and the relationship between ANCA and thyroid antibodies in children with Graves' disease. Titers of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA in sera of 51 patients with childhood onset Graves' disease (16 before treatment, 25 and 10 treated with PTU and methimazole, respectively) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosolvent assay. Antithyroglobulin antibodies (TGAbs) and antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) were also measured by RIA in 25 PTU-treated patients. No patients had clinical manifestations of vasculitis and nephritis. MPO-ANCA was positive in 6.7% of patients before treatment and in 64.0% of those treated with PTU and in none of those treated with methimazole. MPO-ANCA had a significantly positive correlation with TGAbs (P < 0.05) and no significant correlation with TPOAbs. These findings show the high prevalence of the MPO-ANCA positivity in PTU-treated childhood onset Graves' disease, suggesting that PTU may not be preferred as the first line for the treatment of children with Graves' disease. The significant correlation between MPO-ANCA and TGAbs indicates that the severity of Graves' disease may be a factor responsible for the MPO-ANCA positivity. The cross-reactivity between MPO-ANCA and TPOAbs may not play a role in the high prevalence of MPO-ANCA in the patients exposed to PTU.
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PMID:High prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in childhood onset Graves' disease treated with propylthiouracil. 1109 66

A retrospective investigation was conducted by members of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Nephrology from 1990 to 1997 to define the clinical features and outcomes in children with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-positive glomerulonephritis associated with propylthiouracil treatment. Seven Japanese pediatric patients who had myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA-positive biopsy-proven pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with propylthiouracil administration were entered in the study. Three patients had nephritis alone, and four had nephritis and extrarenal organ system vasculitis. Females predominated, and the mean age at onset was 14 yr. Propylthiouracil was reduced or discontinued in all patients and was switched to methimazole in three patients. For the treatment of nephritis, five patients received corticosteroids; three had pulse methylprednisolone, one had plasma exchange, and one had plasma exchange and pulse methylprednisolone before initiating oral prednisolone. The remaining two patients received cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, one of whom had pulse methylprednisolone before initiating oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. All patients achieved remission. In general, ANCA titers correlated with the response to treatment and disease activity, with some exceptions. No patient progressed to end-stage renal disease, renal dysfunction, or death during the follow-up period (58 +/- 25 mo; range, 32 to 108 mo). All but one patient remained euthyroid. In conclusion, this experience suggests that the clinical disease spectrum of ANCA-positive disease associated with propylthiouracil treatment is similar in pediatric and adult patients and that the overall prognosis may be better than that in the non-drug-induced ANCA-positive disease.
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PMID:Clinical features and outcomes in children with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-positive glomerulonephritis associated with propylthiouracil treatment. 1180 73

A 14-year-old girl developed acute renal failure after 3 years therapy with propylthiouracil (PTU) for Grave's disease. Serologic evaluation showed antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase. Renal biopsy showed a crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) as well as evidence of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). PTU was discontinued and the patient was treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. ANCA became negative and renal function improved, but did not normalize. A second biopsy showed evidence of IgA nephropathy only. Propylthiouracil use has been associated with ANCA positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, but not with IgA nephropathy. An overlap syndrome between IgAN and ANCA-positive GN, however, has been described. This patient may have had a preexisting IgAN, with acute pauci-immune GN secondary to PTU, or this may be the first description of an overlap syndrome of IgAN and ANCA vasculitis all caused by PTU therapy.
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PMID:ANCA-positive glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy in a patient on propylthiouracil. 1195 77


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