Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefoxitin, a new beta-lactamase-resistant cephamycin, was evaluated in 66 patients for clinical and bacteriological efficacy, serum levels, tolerance, and toxicity. Seventeen patients had soft tissue infections, 14 had pleuropulmonary infections, 14 had intraabdominal infections, 13 had pelvic infections, and 8 had urinary tract infections. Among the 66 patients, 62 were cured and 4 could not be evaluated. Twelve patients had hospital-acquired infections, 31 had underlying disease, and 45 required a surgical procedure. Isolates included 116 aerobic and 72 anaerobic bacteria. Cefoxitin was more active than cephalothin against facultative and obligate anaerobic gram-negative organisms isolated from these patients. Mean peak cefoxitin levels in sera were 52 micrograms/ml after a 2-g infusion and 30 micrograms/ml after a 1-g infusion. Phlebitis occurred in two patients, eosinophilia in one, rash in two, vasculitis in one, and transient rises in SGOT and SGPT in two. Cefoxitin appears to be a safe and effective drug for the treatment of many aerobic, anaerobic, and mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections.
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PMID:Cefoxitin therapy in aerobic, anaerobic, and mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections. 706 21

Antimicrobial agents continue to play a significant role in clinical practice not only due to their active role in the treatment of bacterially induced infections. The accompanying anti-inflammatory characteristics and their antagonism against superantigens add to their importance. The practitioner must also be aware of both overt and covert unwanted effects. During the past decade, the new quinolones, advanced macrolides, and better cephalosporins have been introduced. The staid penicillins have been up-graded with the addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Many antibiotics have been available for several decades but new uses for them and their derivatives permit the dermatologist to have a more versatile armamentarium. Rifamycin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of leishmaniasis. The new macrolide, clarithromycin, will reduce the lesions of acne vulgaris and acne rosacea. Although phototoxicity was well recognised in the sulfonomides, several quinolones can create similar light-induced problems. Bullous diseases are known to be instigated by the penicillins, while vasculitis may be caused by a quinolone. Even porphyria has been reported to be induced by a tetracycline. Antimicrobial therapy has been an integral part of dermatologic practice since the introduction of the sulfa drugs six decades ago. Whether skin is affronted by more pathogenic bacteria than any other organ or whether the percentage of infectious etiologies is greater for cutaneous maladies than for other organ afflictions is not germane to this presentation. The facts remain that signs and symptoms of many dermatitides are diminished or even eliminated by antimicrobials [1, 2, 3, 4].
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PMID:Newer concepts in antimicrobial therapy. 1059 75

Pneumonia and primary lung abscesses may result from aspiration of infectious material from the oropharyngeal cavity and the upper respiratory tract. Most subjects suffer from an impaired mechanical or immunologic defense, for example alcoholism or dysphagia following stroke. The early course of the disease is uncharacteristic. Necrotizing pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses and the characteristic, foul-smelling, putrid discharge only occur 8-14 days after the initial aspiration event. Although common respiratory pathogens are frequently isolated from the lower airways of these patients, anaerobic bacteria play a pivotal role in cavitary lung disease following aspiration. Anaerobic coverage is therefore a requirement for an adequate antibiotic regimen, and antibacterial activity against common respiratory pathogens appears reasonable in most cases. Aminopenicillins/beta-lactamase inhibitors, newer fluoroquinolones with anaerobic activity (moxifloxacin) and clindamycin have demonstrated equal clinical efficacy in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess. Prolonged antibiotic therapy is required in cases with extensive damage of lung tissue. Since antibiotics can provide cure in 80-90% of cases, surgical procedures are limited to severe complications, such as pleural empyema. Cavitary lung disease has a broad differential diagnosis, including aspiration of sterile gastric content (Mendelson syndrome), staphylococcal pneumonia, tuberculosis, primary carcinoma of the lung, metastases and vasculitis.
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PMID:Aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess: diagnosis and therapy of an aerobic or an anaerobic infection? 2047 71