Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of cerebral transmural angiitis and ruptured aneurysm in patients with established systemic lupus erythematosus are presented. A 22-year-old woman with a 4-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus was found to have a ruptured cerebral aneurysm at the trifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. She died 10 days after admission because of the brain swelling. Necropsy showed remarkable brain edema and focal transmural angiitis at the site of the ruptured aneurysm. Another 29-year-old woman with a 3-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus had an acute subdural hematoma resulting from a ruptured aneurysm of the right anterior cerebral artery. She was surgically treated. The ruptured aneurysm was resected and examined histologically. The transmural angiitis was demonstrated. This report describes two radiographically and pathologically confirmed cases of central nervous system lupus producing focal angiitis of a cerebral artery with secondary aneurysm formation.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral transmural angiitis and ruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 239 3

The central nervous system is rarely involved by Wegener's granulomatosis. A case of Wegener's granulomatosis with involvement of the cerebral arteries was reported. Computed tomography showed extensive brain edema with angiographic demonstration of cerebral vasculitis.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral vasculitis secondary to Wegener's granulomatosis: computed tomography and angiographic findings. 369 27

A study was conducted to determine the causative lesion of Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis. Brain histologic lesions were quantitated and compared in genetically resistant and susceptible inbred chickens. Comparisons were made 11 days post inoculation (PI) of virus when clinical signs were evident in susceptible birds and on day 17 PI when these signs had remitted. Clinically-affected birds from the susceptible line on day 11 PI had consistent evidence of neuropil vacuolation compatible with brain edema; two of these birds also had vasculitis. These lesions were absent in both clinically-recovered birds from this line evaluated on day 17 PI and genetically resistant birds studied on day 11 PI. Our findings suggest that the causative lesion of transient paralysis is vasogenic brain edema.
 ...
PMID:Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis: a comparison of lesions in susceptible and resistant lines of chickens. 631 8

In bacterial meningitis, long-term neurological sequelae and death are caused jointly by several factors: (1) the systemic inflammatory response of the host, leading to leukocyte extravasation into the subarachnoid space, vasculitis, brain edema and secondary ischemia; (2) stimulation of resident microglia within the CNS by bacterial compounds; and (3) possible direct toxicity of bacterial compounds on neurons. Neuronal injury is mediated by the release of reactive oxygen intermediates, proteases, cytokines and excitatory amino acids, and is executed by the activation of transcription factors, caspases and other proteases. In experimental meningitis, dexamethasone as an adjunct to antibiotic treatment leads to an aggravation of neuronal damage in the hippocampal formation, suggesting that corticosteroids might not be the ideal adjunctive therapy. Several approaches that interfere selectively with the mechanisms of neuronal injury are effective in animal models, including the use of nonbacteriolytic protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics, antioxidants and inhibitors of transcription factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and caspases.
 ...
PMID:Neuronal injury in bacterial meningitis: mechanisms and implications for therapy. 1180 37

The functional role of astrocytes exerted via their intermediate protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in CNS infections was studied in Staphylococcus aureus-induced brain abscess. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, GFAP(0/0) mice developed larger and more poorly demarcated inflammatory lesions paralleled by a significantly increased intracerebral bacterial load, a diffuse leukocytic infiltration of the contralateral hemisphere, purulent ventriculitis, vasculitis, and severe brain edema. These observations were correlated with the lack of a bordering function of activated astrocytes that strongly upregulated their GFAP expression in the abscess surrounding of WT mice. Clinically important, this lack of restriction of inflammation markedly aggravated the course of disease with manifestation of seizures and a severe weight loss in GFAP(0/0) mice. These data were paralleled by observations in the model of Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) during which the intracerebral parasitic load was significantly increased. Moreover, tachyzoite-induced tissue necrosis was exclusively found in the brains of GFAP(0/0) mice in chronic TE. Collectively, these findings delineate a host defense function of astrocytes via restricting pathogenic spread and multiplication within the CNS, thereby contributing to the protection of the highly vulnerable brain parenchyma.
 ...
PMID:The intermediate filament GFAP is important for the control of experimental murine Staphylococcus aureus-induced brain abscess and Toxoplasma encephalitis. 1521 91

The study was held in order to analyze the main causes of death in cases of rheumatic diseases (RD) in Moscow. The authors studied the pathology records of autopsies performed in 1999-2002 in two pathology departments of Moscow clinics. Cases with RD were selected. The study found 165 cases of RD, which constituted 2% of all autopsies performed in these departments. There were 99 cases (60%) of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), 4 cases (2.4%) of rheumatic fever (RF) relapse, 28 cases (17%) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 8 cases (4.8%) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 3 cases (1.8%) of scleroderma systematica (SS), 2 cases (1.2%) of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 2 cases (1.2%) of systemic vasculitis (SPV), 11 cases (7.3%) of osteoarthrosis, 3 cases (1.8%) of gout, 1 case (0.6%) of polymyositis. The death of patients with RHD had been caused by hemodynamic decompensation (HD) in 54% of the cases, acute cardiovascular collapse (ACC) in 14% of the cases, 6% of the patients had died from thromboembolism (TE) and 26%--from other conditions (intoxication, uremia, brain and lung edema etc). The death of patients with RF was caused by TE in 2 cases, by HD in 1 case and by ACC in 1 case. Secondary amyloidosis resulting in chronic renal failure and uremia occurred in 5 out of 28 cases of RA, HD--in 3, ACC--in 7, TE--in 1, infectious complications--in 5, other complications--in 7 cases. Patients with SLE died from various conditions: uremia in 2 cases, acute adrenal failure in 1 case, infectious complications in 2, ACC--in 2, brain edema--in 1 case. The complications of SS were uremia and intoxication. ACC was the cause of death in cases of gout and SS. The majority of RD cases were patients with RHD. The main cause of death in RD was cardiovascular disorders.
 ...
PMID:[The causes of death of patients with rheumatic diseases in Moscow]. 1575 89

A characteristic of brain abscess is a localized suppurative infection leading to substantial damage of the adjacent central nervous system tissue. The orchestrated interplay of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines released by leukocytes as well as resident cells of the central nervous system is crucial for both an effective host defense and for limiting tissue damage in brain abscess. To study the regulatory role of interleukin (IL)-10 in brain abscess in vivo, IL-10-deficient (IL-10(0/0)) mice were stereotaxically infected with Staphylococcus aureus-laden agarose beads. Increased numbers of intracerebral (IC) granulocytes, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and higher levels of TNF, IL-1beta, and iNOS were observed in IL-10(0/0) mice than in wild-type mice, whereas chemokines were induced earlier and more pronounced in wild-type mice. Together with prominent microvascular hemorrhage, necrotic vasculitis, severe brain edema, and markedly increased abscess size, these alterations led to an increased morbidity of IL-10(0/0) mice. Nevertheless, the hyperinflammatory response of IL-10(0/0) mice did not improve bacterial elimination. Collectively, these data outline the important role of IL-10 in vivo for the regulation of the IC host immune response in experimental S. aureus-induced brain abscess.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of the inflammatory response to Staphylococcus aureus-induced brain abscess by interleukin-10. 1631 15

Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of neurologic infections. This article summarizes imaging findings in brain abscesses, ventriculitis, viral diseases, and opportunistic infections. In cases of uncomplicated meningitis, cranial computed tomography is sufficient to exclude brain edema, hydrocephalus, and skull base pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior in depicting complications (e.g., empyema, vasculitis). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) shows parenchymal complications of meningitis earlier and is of help in differentiation of pyogenic abscess from other ring-enhancing lesions. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy can produce specific peak-patterns in cases of abscess, such as the presence of lactate and cytosolic amino acids. In toxoplasmosis, DWI may help to differentiate from lymphoma, showing no restriction of water diffusion. In patients with viral encephalitis, DWI allows earlier lesion detection. MRI has revolutionized the rapid diagnosis of spinal abscess.
 ...
PMID:Neuroimaging of infections of the central nervous system. 1884 78

A 60-year-old man presented with a rare case of primary angiitis of the central nervous system mimicking a tumor-like lesion and manifesting as slight disorientation, left hemiparesis, and motor aphasia. Computed tomography showed multiple low density lesions in the left frontal lobe, brain stem, and right parietal lobe. Magnetic resonance images revealed a slightly enhanced mass lesion in the right parietal lobe with surrounding brain edema. Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and other image examinations did not show any abnormal findings, so surgical removal of the right parietal mass was performed. Histological examination revealed that the mass consisted of hemorrhagic infarction without cellular atypia. Proliferations of endothelial cells in small and medium arteries, and infiltration of macrophages in the perivascular space were detected in the infarction tissues. The histological diagnosis was primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Primary angiitis of the central nervous system mimicking tumor-like lesion--case report. 2127 47

An outbreak of fungal infections has been identified in patients who received epidural injections of methylprednisolone acetate that was contaminated with environmental molds. In this report, we present the mycological and histopathological findings in an index case of Exserohilum meningitis and vasculitis in an immunocompetent patient, who received a cervical spine epidural steroid injection for chronic neck pain 1 week before the onset of fulminant meningitis with subsequent multiple brain and spinal cord infarcts. The fungus was recovered from two separate cerebrospinal fluid specimens collected before initiation of antifungal therapy and at autopsy on standard bacterial and fungal culture media. The mold was identified phenotypically as Exserohilum species. DNA sequencing targeting the internal transcribed spacer region and D1/D2 region of 28S ribosomal DNA enabled further speciation as E. rostratum. Gross examination at autopsy revealed moderate brain edema with bilateral uncal herniation and a ventriculostomy tract to the third ventricle. The brainstem, cerebellum, and right orbitofrontal cortex were soft and friable, along with hemorrhages in the cerebellar vermis and thalamus. Microscopic examination demonstrated numerous fungi with septate hyphae invading blood vessel walls and inducing acute necrotizing inflammation. The leptomeninges were diffusely infiltrated by mixed inflammatory cells along with scattered foci of fungal elements. This is the first report of iatrogenic E. rostratum meningitis in humans. This report describes the microbiological procedures and histopathological features for the identification of E. rostratum (a pigmented vascularly invasive fungi), the cause of a current nationwide outbreak of fatal fungal meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Iatrogenic Exserohilum infection of the central nervous system: mycological identification and histopathological findings. 2322 92


1 2 Next >>