Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insulin-dependent diabetics may manifest evidence of autoimmune diseases involving endocrine or other organs. Rare cases of a peculiar fibrous and inflammatory lesion of the breast in diabetic patients have been previously described; however, the pathologic and clinical features that uniquely characterize these cases have not been defined or distinguished from other chronic inflammatory and fibrosing conditions in the breast. We studied eight patients with breast masses and longstanding insulin-dependent diabetes and compared them with 36 nondiabetic or short-duration diabetic patients with fibrosis and chronic mastitis. The longstanding diabetic patients presented with clinical breast masses ranging in size from 2 to 6 cm. Six of the eight patients had documented diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, or neuropathy. Pathologically, these lesions showed lymphocytic lobulitis and ductitis, lymphocytic vasculitis (predominantly B cell), and dense keloid-like fibrosis that in many cases (six of eight) contained peculiar epithelioid cells embedded in dense fibrous stroma. We have provisionally labeled these cells "epithelioid fibroblasts" (EFBs). Although the features of lymphocytic lobulitis, ductitis, and/or vasculitis may occasionally be encountered in nondiabetic breast biopsies, EFBs appear to be unique to the diabetic condition. Control cases of chronic mastitis in nondiabetic or short-duration diabetes patients failed to show the complete constellation of lymphocytic lobulitis and ductitis, vasculitis, keloidal fibrosis, and EFBs. Diabetic mastopathy may represent an immune reaction to abnormal matrix accumulation. A hypothesis is presented.
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PMID:Diabetic mastopathy: a distinctive clinicopathologic entity. 161 78

Diabetic mastopathy is a recently described collection of radiographical and histological features found in dense fibrous masses of the breast in long standing Type I diabetes. We describe the first case of bilateral disease with the alternate progression and regression of the disease over a 5 year period. A 45-year-old woman has been affected of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for 21 years. She developed palpable mass retromamillar of the right side, indistinguishable radiographically from cancer. The histology showed a diabetic mastopathy (DMP) with B-lymphocytic ductitis and lobulitis, a discrete monocellular vasculitis and a keloid-like fibrosis. After 22 months she developed a suspicious palpable mass contralateral on the left side. The FNAB presented an identical morphology on histology. Additionally 10 months later there were no palpable masses of both mammae. Mammographically no suspect alterations were observed. One year later the clinical and mammographical examination showed similar findings, mentioned before. The pathogenesis is still obscure and includes the hypothesis of extracellular accumulation, secondary to prolonged hyperglycemia in IDDM, production of alternated non-enzymatic glycosylated end products with neoantigen formation, B cell predominant inflammation with autoimmune response against neoantigens and cytokine release secondary to the autoimmune response.
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PMID:Bilateral, tumorlike diabetic mastopathy-progression and regression of the disease during 5-year follow up. 958 50

Diabetic mastopathy, an uncommon form of lymphocytic mastitis and stromal fibrosis, typically occurs in longstanding type 1 diabetes. Nineteen cases meeting predetermined histopathologic criteria for diabetic mastopathy were correlated as to clinical history and disease recurrence. Physical examination revealed palpable discrete masses or diffuse nodularity, both predominantly in the subareolar region. One nonpalpable lesion was detected incidentally during reduction mammoplasty. All cases contained lymphocytic ductitis and lobulitis with varying degrees of keloidal fibrosis, vasculitis, epithelioid fibroblasts, and lymphoid nodule formation. Single mammary lesions were found in 11 patients with type 1 diabetes, 1 with type 2 diabetes, and 3 without diabetes. Four cases were bilateral (3 patients with type 1 and 1 patient with type 2 diabetes). Six of 19 cases recurred (3 ipsilateral, 2 contralateral, and 1 bilateral). We confirm the histopathologic constellation for diabetic mastopathy. However, we question the specificity of these features because of identical findings in patients with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic patients. We found diabetic mastopathy in men and women, as a solitary mass or bilateral disease, and recurrence in either breast, sometimes multiple. Recognition of potential recurrence is important because it might spare patients with documented diabetic mastopathy from repeated breast biopsies.
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PMID:Diabetic mastopathy. A clinicopathologic review. 1076 56

The radiologic features of breast lesions caused by immunologic, reactive, and noncurrent infectious diseases often mimic those of malignancy, frequently constituting a diagnostic challenge even if the underlying disease is known. Churg-Strauss syndrome mimics carcinomatous mastitis. Amyloidosis usually manifests as a suspicious mass, often accompanied by microcalcifications. Wegener granulomatosis and sarcoidosis often manifest as irregular masses, although sarcoidosis can also manifest as round, well-defined masses reflecting intramammary node involvement. Diabetic mastopathy is a rare but well-known entity in patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes. Breast involvement by necrobiotic xanthogranulomatosis is rare and manifests as multiple bilateral asymmetric lesions. Multiple clustered hypoechoic tubular structures in a large hypoechoic mass seen after pregnancy can be suggestive of granulomatous mastitis. Mammary tuberculosis can manifest with a nodular, diffuse, or sclerosing pattern. A granulomatous inflammatory reaction must be carefully evaluated because it constitutes the major feature of a diverse group of diseases that includes vasculitis, granulomatous mastitis, tuberculosis, and carcinoma-associated sarcoidlike reactions. Core biopsy can play a major role in developing a differential diagnosis for these rare immunologic, inflammatory, or infectious disorders affecting the breast, and knowledge of these entities can, in the appropriate clinical setting, help the radiologist narrow the differential diagnosis, although cancer must be excluded definitively.
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PMID:Radiologic evaluation of uncommon inflammatory and reactive breast disorders. 1579 59

Diabetic mastopathy (DM) is an unusual fibrous disease of the breast. We report 34 cases with clinicopathological correlation and follow-ups. Patients mean age was 57 years and 24 had histories of diabetes mellitus. The DM presented as a palpable breast mass in 85.3% of the cases clinically. Image findings were often as an irregular hypoechoic mass (44.4%) on ultrasound and negative or non-specific density (67.6%) on mammogram. Histologically, we found that the majority of DM occurred in the upper outer/central part of the breast (76%) and the size ranged from 0.5 to 3.7 cm. All cases showed lymphocytic lobulitis and vasculitis, keloidal fibrosis, lobular atrophy and varying degree of epithelioid fibroblasts. Examining the surrounding normal tissue of the excision specimens revealed that the margins of DM were often poorly circumscribed and irregularly demarcated from the sounding breast tissue. Vascular calcifications were identified in 10 of 24 excisional specimens, suggesting a hypothesis that vascular damage and scar/wounding healing process could contribute to the pathogenesis of DM. Twenty-one cases had repeated procedures for uncertain descriptive diagnosis. This is the largest study of diabetic mastopathy to date with clinical and imagining correlation. Recognition of this benign entity is important to better understanding the pathogenesis and to avoid unnecessary procedures.
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PMID:Diabetic mastopathy, a clinicopathological correlation of 34 cases. 2300 92