Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and general histopathologic manifestations of systemic vasculitis of the polyarteritis nodosa type are well known. Although hearing loss associated with polyarteritis nodosa has been reported, only two temporal bone studies are available. The findings in a 60-year-old man with well-documented hearing loss who had rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, and otosclerosis are presented. Polyarteritis nodosa extensively involved the subarcuate arteries and arteries of the facial canal. There were decreased nerve fibers to and sensory cells in the crista of the semicircular canals and macula of the utricle and saccule. Focal and diffuse atrophy of the stria vascularis and decreased cellularity in the spiral prominence and ligament were present. There was a loss of outer hair cells. Otosclerosis involved the left and right oval window niches (bilateral stapedectomy had been performed). There was a small Antoni type A neuroma of the superior division of the vestibular nerve on the left.
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PMID:Temporal bone showing polyarteritis nodosa, otosclerosis, and occult neuroma. 287 60

The immunologic explosion has now reached the field of otology. By having better techniques to measure the changes at cellular and molecular levels, it is now possible to devise experiments to show morphologic anatomic changes as well as functional changes. The demonstration in 1980 (M.S.) that tympanosclerosis could be induced immunologically represents a concrete advancement in immunologic thinking in conceptualization of otologic disease. In 1974, one of the authors (M.S.) published work dealing with the treatment of vasculitis of immunologic origin for sudden hearing loss. This was aimed at inhibiting the complement cascade from starting its destructive action. Recently, the immunologic challenge in animals demonstrated by changes in the inner ear was shown by one of the authors (T.J.Y.). Such changes were compatible with labyrinthine hydrops, or Meniere's disease, otosclerosis, and sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
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PMID:Immunologic aspects of otologic disease: an overview. 298 56

Intact Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity functions are essential for normal middle ear physiology. Type II collagen is an essential component of ear tissue. Autoimmune response to this type II collagen produces sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, endolymphatic hydrops, otospongiosis-like lesions, Eustachian tube inflammation and Eustachian tube chondritis. In addition, these autoimmune responses occasionally produce otitis media with effusion (not infectious). Tympanosclerosis, which is a frequent sequelae of otitis media with effusions, was also induced by type II collagen immunization together with surgical incision of the tympanic membrane. The exact mechanisms of this type II collagen autoimmune mediated middle ear disease are not clear. However, the animals thus induced have higher antibody titers and cell mediated immune responses to type II collagen. The tympanic membrane showing tympanosclerosis also had C3 and Ig deposits. All the animals with otitis media with effusion induced by type II collagen immunization also had Eustachian tube disease. This could be due to a malfunction of the Eustachian tube. Thus, this model might provide a rational approach for the study of otitis media with effusion associated with vasculitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the immunologic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.
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PMID:Type II collagen mediated autoimmune middle ear disease: eustachian tube disease, otitis media with effusion and tympanosclerosis. 383 48

In 1981, the authors described a type II collagen-induced autoimmune ear disease (CIAED) model. The purpose of this study was to gather further evidence that this is a sound animal model to use in evaluating inner ear diseases. The temporal bone lesions of CIAED in Lewis and Wistar rats were characterized by the presence of sensorineural hearing loss with mild atrophy of the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion degeneration, vestibular dysfunction with vacuolar degeneration of the crista ampullaris, otospongiosis-like lesions in the tympanic annules, cochlear vasculitis, and eustachian tube disease. Both cellular and humoral immune responses to type II collagen were demonstrated. The induction of ear lesions depends on many factors. In general, animals immunized with antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant showed relatively more severe lesions than animals immunized with antigens in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, but the duration of the immunization seems to be a more important factor in reproducing severe lesions. The strain and the source of the animals are also important factors in autoimmune inner ear diseases, as is the condition of the host animals. Subclinical or clinical mycoplasma infection in the rat markedly reduced the incidence and severity of lesions in type II collagen-induced arthritis. Many researchers did not consider sialoductal adenovirus, widely present among laboratory rats, a lesion-producing factor in rats. Although many factors influence the induction and severity of CIAED, these animal models provide an excellent new avenue of inner ear research.
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PMID:Factors influencing collagen-induced autoimmune ear disease. 387 64

Partial cochlear obstruction is a relatively common finding in candidates for cochlear implants and frequently involves the inferior segment of the scala tympani in the basal turn of the cochlea. In such patients, the scala vestibuli is often patent and offers an alternative site for implantation. The current report describes two patients with such partial obstruction of the inferior segment of the basal cochlear turn, caused in one case by systemic vasculitis (Takayasu's disease) and in the other by obliterative otosclerosis. A scala vestibuli implantation allowed for complete insertion of the electrode array. No problems were encountered during the surgical procedures and the good post-operative hearing and communicative outcomes achieved were similar to those reported in patients without cochlear ossification. The importance of accurate pre-operative radiological study of the inner ear is underscored, to disclose the presence and define the features of the cochlear ossification and ultimately to properly plan the surgical approach.
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PMID:Scala vestibuli cochlear implantation in patients with partially ossified cochleas. 1248 76