Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kawasaki syndrome, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is an acute vasculitis of infants and young children. We describe a four-year-old girl who presented with fever, a diffuse erythematous maculopapular rash, bilateral nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, dry, red, fissured lips, a tongue with a strawberry "appearance", an erythematous pharynx, indurative erythema, and edema and desquamation of the face, hands and feet. She probably developed mitral valve prolapse during the course of the disease. The diagnosis of Kawasaki syndrome was arrived at by excluding other diseases and by the presence of all the clinical criteria for Kawasaki syndrome. Since this syndrome is rarely encountered in Turkey, this case is presented and the literature regarding the syndrome is reviewed.
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PMID:Kawasaki syndrome. 144 Sep 51

There are many special conditions which may predispose women to have a higher risk of stroke. These conditions include pregnancy and the puerperium, exogenous estrogen use, cerebral vasculitis, mitral valve prolapse and migraine. Recognition that certain stroke syndromes are more likely to affect women may aid the clinician in determining the optimal management of cerebrovascular disease and stroke in women.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular disease and stroke in women. 219 99

We report on 10 patients suffering from cerebral ischemic episodes in whom mitral valve prolapse was diagnosed. Neurologic assessment included computerized tomography and angiographic study. In one case, the angiographic study revealed the presence of intracranial vasculitis and one woman was taking the contraceptive pill. The diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse was established on the basis of clinical grounds and electrocardiographic, Doppler study, Holter monitoring and two-dimensional echocardiographic signs. Our findings confirm that mitral valve prolapse is an etiologic factor to be considered in young adults with cerebral ischemia, although mitral valve prolapse does not exclude the possibility of other etiopathogenic conditions occurring.
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PMID:[Mitral valve prolapse and cerebral ischemia]. 262 81

The aim of our study was to evaluate the etiopathogenesis and the vascular risk factors in a consecutive series of patients with juvenile ischemic stroke. We enrolled 273 patients (158 males and 115 females), aged between 16 and 49 years, with ischemic cerebrovascular events (ICVE), including transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke, referred to our neurology ward between January 1994 and December 2001. Our protocol included medical history, cardiac and neurological examinations, assessment of risk factors and laboratory tests. The instrumental assessment included transthoracic echocardiography (70%), transesophageal echocardiography (60%), conventional angiography (30%), MR angiography (30%), cranial computed tomography (100%) and brain MRI (48%). The ICVE was a stroke in 60% of the cases, a reversible ischemic neurologic deficit in 14% and a TIA in 26%. Thirty-three patients were aged less than 29, 59 were aged between 30 and 39 and 181 between 40 and 49. The percentage of females was higher in patients aged less than 29 while males were prevalent in the 4th and 5th decade. The patients were subtyped according to etiopathogenesis. A large-vessel disease (LVD) was diagnosed in 43 patients (16% of the cases), mostly in patients aged more than 40 years (36 cases). A small-vessel disease (SVD) was found in 48 patients (17% of cases), mostly in patients aged more than 40 years (41 cases). A cardioembolic stroke (CE) was diagnosed in 66 patients (24% of the cases). In the majority of the cases, the cardiopathies were at low-uncertain embolic risk: patent foramen ovale (PFO, 39 cases, in 8 patients associated with an atrial septal aneurism), atrial septal aneurism (12 cases) and myxomatous mitral valve prolapse (3 cases). Stroke due to other causes was found in 51 patients (19% of the cases). Arterial dissection, more frequently involving the carotid region, was diagnosed in 35 patients. Coagulopathies and vasculitis were found in 5 and 6 patients, respectively. Stroke of unknown etiology was found in 65 patients (24% of the cases) with a homogeneous distribution among decades. Our study highlights the role of minor cardiac sources of embolism and arterial dissection in the etiology of juvenile ischemic stroke, whereas coagulopathies and vasculitis are less relevant. LVD and SVD were relevant only in the 5th decade.
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PMID:Stroke in young patients: etiopathogenesis and risk factors in different age classes. 1525 90

Spontaneous intracranial artery dissection (SIAD), leading to occlusion or stenosis of arterial lumen is a frequent but less studied cause of ischemic stroke especially in young adults. We studied 17 patients (10 men, 7 women, mean age 27.5 +/- 8.5 years) with SIAD. All the patients have undergone magnetic resonance imaging of the head, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (in 16 patients--follow-up MRA), 1 patient--conventional cerebral angiography. SIAD was located in the middle cerebral artery (MCA, 14 patients); posterior cerebral artery (PCA, 2 patients) and basilar artery (BA, 1 patient). Fifteen patients (88%) with SIAD developed ischemic stroke, 2 patients (12%)--a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The appearance of the local brain ischemia symptoms was combined with headache in 93% cases. The course of ischemic stroke was favorable in most cases with complete or good functional recovery in 66% of patients. A fatal outcome was observed in 1 patient (7%) with massive brain infarct. The initial cerebral angiography carried out in most cases (76%) within 3 weeks after the disease onset revealed occlusion (71%) or stenosis (29%) of corresponding cerebral arteries (MCA, PCA, BA). The last cerebral angiography conducted in 90% cases 4,5 months or later showed positive dynamics--appearance or improvement of the blood flow in these arteries--in 82% patients. The factors provoking SIAD were alcohol, contraceptive drugs and less frequent recent infection. None of patients had atherosclerosis, vasculitis or arterial hypertension. Clinical manifestations of connective tissue weakness were in 71% of patients, hypotension--65%, mitral valve prolapse--46%. In conclusion, SIAD is one of the causes of ischemic stroke and TIA in young adults and characteristic clinical manifestations and follow-up MRA have a great diagnostic importance. The development of SIAD appears to be related to weakness of connective tissue of arterial wall.
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PMID:[Spontaneous intramural intracranial artery dissection and ischemic stroke]. 1819 22

Twelve patients (9 women, 3 men, mean age 26.8 +/- 5.02 years) with spontaneous isolated dissection of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were studied. Eleven patients (92%) developed ischemic stroke, 1 patient (8%)--transient ischemic attack (TIA). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA): 9 patients--a follow-up MRA, 3 patients--a single study. Local neurological symptoms (hemianopia, hemianestesia) developed suddenly (75%) during everyday patient's activity (83%) and were combined with headache on the side of dissection in 75% of patients. The main provoked factor was alcohol (67%), 25% had preceding respiratory infection. The initial cerebral angiography carried out in most cases within the first month of stroke demonstrated the occlusion (33%) or stenosis (67%) of PCA. The repeat MRA carried out on 2-3 months or more showed the improvement or normalization of blood flow in PCA (89%). In 1 (11%) patient the occlusive process progressed that correlated with headache increasing. A single MRA carried out in 48 days--6 months (3 patients) found the prolonged irregular stenosis (1), occlusion at P2 segment (1) and normal PCA appearance (1). At the whole, the prolonged irregular stenosis at least in one study, was found in a half of patients. None of patients had atherosclerosis, vasculitis, arterial hypertension or thrombophilia. Clinical manifestations of connective tissue weakness were seen in 67% of patients, hypotonia--in 67%, headache in the past history--in 67% and mitral valve prolapse--in 75%. In conclusion, spontaneous isolated dissection of PCA is one of the causes of ischemic stroke in young adults. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical manifestations and follow-up MRA. The development of dissection appears to be connected with arterial wall weakness.
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PMID:[Ischemic stroke due to isolated spontaneous posterior cerebral artery dissection in young adults]. 1989 94

Since both vasculitis syndromes and infective endocarditis may present with multi-system involvement, they can pose a diagnostic dilemma. A 10-year-old boy was admitted with multi-system disease secondary to embolic complications of infective endocarditis. Echocardiography demonstrated mitral valve prolapse and moderate mitral regurgitation with vegetations on the anterior and posterior mitral leaflet. Despite supportive treatment, his general condition deteriorated and he died 3 days after admission.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis in a child masquerading as vasculitis: case report. 2052 1

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an episodic and progressive inflammatory disease of cartilaginous structures. Its diagnosis is based primarily on clinical features such as laboratory parameters, biopsy. Neurological complications occur in 3% of the cases and are classified as an important cause of death. The cranial nerve disorders are most common but hemiplegia, ataxia, myelitis, polyneuritis, seizures, confusion, hallucination and headache can also happen. The aetiology of central nervous system involvement is still unknown. Moreover stroke has rarely reported in these patients. The diagnosis of stroke is challenging because of its rarity among these patients. Perhaps vasculitis is the common underlying mechanism. Also meningitis and encephalitis can occur during the course of RP. A 44 year-old woman was admitted with uncontemplated left hemiparesis, redness, swelling, and tenderness of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the right hand and the cartilaginous portion. White blood cell count, C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were elevated. Vasculitis biomarkers were normal in our patient. Carotid and vertebral artery doppler ultrasonography, cranial and cervical MR Angiography were normal. Echocardiography showed a mild mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation. Our patient had the history of auricular polychondritis but she had not been diagnosed. Hemiparesis was her first neurological manifestation that led her to doctors for diagnosis. Our patient fulfilled the criteria of RP so no biopsy was needed. She was treated with oral prednisolone (80 mg/day) and aspirin (300 mg/day) and now she is on 10 mg prednisolone and 150 mg azathioprine. Two months later her physical and neurological symptoms returned to normal.
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PMID:A RARE COMPLICATION OF A RARE DISEASE; STROKE DUE TO RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS. 2682 18