Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subarachnoidal application of the complement C5a fragment was used to induce acute experimental meningitis in rabbits and rats within 30-60 min. The early stages of the cellular inflammatory response were studied by means of flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the subarachnoidal space was the earliest event of the inflammatory reaction. By morphological criteria we found that PMN interacted with cells of the mononuclear-macrophage lineage (MML) and the marginal astrocytes via pseudopodia, whereas the pial cells were not involved in early stages of the inflammatory response. The number of invaded MML that were positive with the ED2 marker increased, indicating the hematogenous origin of the immigrating cell population. PMN were found to infiltrate the perivascular space of the marginal arterial vessel segments. This perivascular infiltration was assumed to be the first manifestation of cerebral vasculitis. The intimate association of resident cerebral cells (astrocytes) with invading PMN and MML is suggestive of a transient interaction of these cell types.
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PMID:Morphological study in the early stages of complement C5a fragment-induced experimental meningitis: activation of macrophages and astrocytes. 775 44

A retrospective study of 256 cases of naturally acquired Streptococcus suis infections in swine submitted to the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from 1985 to 1989 was undertaken to describe the clinical signs, lesions, and coexisting organisms associated with S. suis serotypes 1-8 and 1/2. Infected pigs generally had clinical signs and gross lesions referable to either the respiratory system or to the central nervous system (CNS), but not both. Neurologic signs were inversely related to gross lesions in the respiratory tract (R2 = -0.19, P = 0.003), as were respiratory signs and gross lesions in the CNS (R2 = -0.19, P = 0.003). Suppurative bronchopneumonia was the most common gross lesion observed (55.2%, overall). Fibrinous and/or suppurative pleuritis, epicarditis, pericarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and polyserositis were also reported. In 68% of the pigs, other bacteria in addition to S. suis were isolated. Escherichia coli (35.0%) and Pasteurella multocida (30.0%) were the most commonly recovered bacterial agents. Mycoplasma and viral agents were identified less often, and their role in the development of streptococcosis was difficult to assess. In pigs infected with serotypes 2-5, 7, 8, and 1/2, suppurative meningitis with suppurative or nonsuppurative encephalitis, suppurative bronchopneumonia, fibrinopurulent epicarditis, multifocal myocarditis, and cardiac vasculitis were the most common microscopic lesions observed, whereas pigs infected with serotype 1 generally presented with suppurative meningitis and interstitial pneumonia. Microscopic lesions were morphologically similar among serotypes and were also similar to those reported with other pyogenic bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Streptococcus suis infection in swine: a retrospective study of 256 cases. Part II. Clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, and coexisting microorganisms. 794 2

Productive varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) was demonstrated in 11 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. A characteristic zoster skin eruption was seen in only four cases. From our own series and 11 other cases in the literature, we identified five clinico-pathological patterns of VZV infection of the CNS in AIDS patients which could occur simultaneously. (i) Multifocal encephalitis predominantly involving the white matter, likely to be due to haematogenous spread of the infection was found in four cases. (ii) Ventriculitis was found in three cases. In two cases there was complete acute or chronic necrosis of the ventricular wall with marked vasculitis; in the third, the ependymal lining appeared irregular with foci of VZV-infected ependymal cells, some of which protruded into the ventricular lumen. (iii) Acute haemorrhagic meningo-myeloradiculitis with necrotizing vasculitis was observed in two cases. In one, this was associated with ventriculitis and was possibly due to shedding of infected ependymal cells into the ventricular lumen and secondary seeding of the CSF. (iv) Focal necrotizing myelitis was seen in one case. It followed cutaneous herpes zoster and was considered to result from neural spread from the diseased dorsal root ganglion similar to cases previously described of encephalitis limited to the visual system following VZV ophthalmicus, or bulbar encephalitis following a trigeminal zoster. (v) Vasculopathy involving leptomeningeal arteries and causing cerebral infarcts was seen in four cases, it was associated with meningitis in most cases. These findings are in keeping with the observation in non-AIDS patients that VZV spread to the CNS may follow different routes. Our study tends to show that VZV infection of the CNS occurs more frequently in AIDS than previously suspected and suggests that it must be considered as a diagnosis in cases of encephalitis, ventriculitis, focal myelitis, acute myeloradiculitis and cerebral infarcts in these patients.
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PMID:Varicella-zoster virus infection of the central nervous system in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 795 6

Experimental infection was produced by two of four isolates of ovine Haemophilus somnus given by intracisternal inoculation into two to three-month-old lambs. Isolate 2041 (originally obtained from a septicemic lamb in Alberta) caused lethal infection in eight of nine lambs, isolate 67p from the prepuce of a normal lamb produced less acute disease in four of nine lambs, and the other two isolates (93p and 1190) caused no detectable disease. Significant lesions were limited to the brain and spinal cord. Purulent meningitis was characteristic but vasculitis or septicemia were not detected, perhaps due to the route of inoculation. Since a difference in virulence was noted among strains, we analyzed surface proteins thought to be virulence factors of bovine H. somnus. Protein profiles of bovine and ovine H. somnus done by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed similar patterns for virulent bovine isolates and ovine septicemic isolates. Preputial isolates showed a lower molecular mass major outer membrane protein than septicemic isolates. Antigenic analysis revealed that outer membrane proteins p270, p78, p76, p40, and p39 were detected in both ovine and bovine isolates except for 1190, which was probably not a true H. somnus isolate. Thus the preputial and septicemic isolates of ovine H. somnus were similar to bovine H. somnus in pathogenicity and in surface antigens.
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PMID:Ovine Haemophilus somnus: experimental intracisternal infection and antigenic comparison with bovine Haemophilus somnus. 795 23

We reported a rare case of Listeria rhombencephalitis with meningitis. A 48-year-old healthy man suddenly experienced high fever and headache, then he had lower cranial nerve's palsies and mental dysfunction developed during one week period. On admission, his temperature was 38 degrees C. He was slightly delirious and euphoric. He had nuchal rigidity, mild paresthesia over his left cheek to left upper lip, a right sixth nerve palsy, dysphagia, hiccup, nasal voice and left cerebellar ataxia. His tongue deviated toward the right side on protrusion. A CSF culture grew Listeria monocytogenes. Intravenous antibiotic therapy (PIPC, minocycline hydrochloride) produced improvement in one month except for mild paresthesia and dysphagia. He almost recovered after 7 months of illness. Brain MRI on T2 weighted image demonstrated multiple small ischemic lesions in the left lateral medulla, upper pontine tegmentum in the right side, and pontine tegmentum in the left side. These lesions enhanced by Gd. were assumed to be due to the secondary vasculitis. Listeria rhombencephalitis is extremely rare in human beings. To our knowledge only thirteen cases have been reported. In seven cases, post-mortem pathological findings confirmed necrotizing angitis in brainstem. Clinical aspects of Listeria rhombencephalitis were discussed, and the entity of this disease should be considered as a treatable cause of acute progressive brainstem meningoencephalitis.
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PMID:[A case of Listeria rhombencephalitis with a secondary vasculitis suggested by MRI]. 840 84

A 37-year-old man was admitted to hospital with fever, muscle tenderness, headache and mild exanthema on the right thigh. During his hospital stay, the headache worsened and aseptic meningitis was diagnosed. A bilateral iritis developed, and the exanthema developed into an atypical erythema nodosum. In liver function tests, pathological results were recorded. Vasculitis was suspected but could not be confirmed. All serological tests proved negative except for a fourfold titre rise to Chlamydia pneumoniae. We concluded that the meningitis, hepatitis, iritis and atypical erythema nodosum were most probably due to a C. pneumoniae infection.
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PMID:An unusual manifestation of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: meningitis, hepatitis, iritis and atypical erythema nodosum. 851 21

The local expression of tuberculous meningitis has an high incidence. They respond to a Koch bacillus direct lesion or vasculitis disease. The clinic implication of ocular movement is frequent and usually answers to a nervous trunk direct injury. Exceptionally the clinic expression of the oculomotor disturbance is due to a conjugate ocular tract or nucleus damage. The posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a well-known manifestation and correspond with a dwindle of the medial longitudinal fasciculus electrical transmission and lies in falling of the medial rectus to move synchronously with the contralateral rectus on attempted lateral gaze to either side. In such a case the medial longitudinal fasciculus is damaged between the sith nerve nucleous below and the opposite third nerve nucleus above. A patient with AIDS B3 category who presents right internuclear ophthalmoplegia and right eye vertical conjugate gaze impairment with left vertical nystagmus due to a paramedial mesencephalic stroke as debut of a linfocitary subacute meningitis is present.
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PMID:[Atypical internuclear ophthalmoplegia in a patient with subacute lymphocytic meningitis]. 868 Nov 98

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography carried out in cases of bacterial meningitis has often shown a reversible increase in blood flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries, that is interpreted as caused by segmental vasospasm brought on by vasculitis. We report for the first time on findings of transcranial colour-coded duplex ultrasonography performed on a patient with pneumococcal meningitis who suffered a subcortical infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery. Doppler ultrasonography revealed an increase in blood flow velocity of the right middle basal cerebral artery, while the B-scan revealed thickening of the main trunk on the right. These findings suggest an inflammatory thickening of the blood vessel wall with secondary narrowing of the lumen as a result of secondary vasculitis.
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PMID:[Secondary cerebral vasculitis in suppurative meningitis. Clinical aspects and findings in color-coded transcranial duplex ultrasound]. 869 Mar 28

In clinical practice herpes zoster infections are common. The cause is the reactivation of the herpes varicella virus that persists in the sensory ganglia after an earlier primary infection with shingles. There are several neurological complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, encephalitis, myelitis, cerebral angiitis, myositis, paresis of motor nerves, acute polyneuritis, and most commonly post-zoster neuralgia. A proposed reason for these complications is the direct infiltration of the virus or a hematogenous infection. Some of the complications can be treated symptomatically such as post-zoster neuralgia and the occurrence of certain complications that can be prevented by the right choice of acute therapy.
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PMID:[Herpes zoster: follow-up, complications and therapy]. 880 7

We describe a 36-year-old man with pneumococcal meningitis who suddenly showed a left central type facial palsy and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a low intensity area in the posterior limb and genu of the right internal capsule to caudate nucleus in T1-weighted images and a high intensity area in T2-weighted images. We surmised vasculitis as the cause of cerebral infarction, because steroid treatment was effective.
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PMID:[Adult pneumococcal meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction: a case report]. 897 39


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