Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042384 (vasculitis)
 20,525 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the clinical and postmortem findings in a 57-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus who presented with neurologic symptoms attributed to stroke. In addition to multiple foci of ischemic necrosis, pathologic examination of the brain showed chronic basal meningitis and vasculitis. No microorganisms were found. The association of meningitis and vasculitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is unusual and the possibility that these conditions may be due to primary human immunodeficiency virus infection is raised.
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PMID:Chronic basal meningitis and vasculitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A possible role for human immunodeficiency virus. 277 61

Recently, advances in identifying the etiologic agent, improving antibiotic therapy, and understanding the pathogenesis of complications of bacterial meningitis have been made. The acute and long-term sequelae and their courses have been documented. Acridine orange staining of the cerebrospinal fluid may identify bacteria in children with partially treated meningitis when gram-staining is not helpful. Monoclonal antibodies for meningococcus group B antigen have been developed and may prove useful for testing cerebrospinal fluid. Several newer cephalosporins have been shown to have excellent in vitro activity against the bacteria commonly associated with meningitis. They are indicated in the treatment of infants between 4 and 8 weeks of age, children in septic shock, children with liver disease, and children with infection with gram-negative enteric agents or bacteria resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Vasculitis and cerebral infarction may result in some of the complications, such as seizures and hemiparesis, noted in children, and their consequences can be documented by various neuroimaging procedures. The prognosis for ataxia is good, while that for sensorineural deafness is poor. The majority of children will have neither intellectual deficits nor difficulty with academic achievement. An effective vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b has been developed and is recommended for children between 18 and 60 months of age.
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PMID:Update on bacterial meningitis. 328 49

Chlamydiosis was diagnosed in a 3-month-old springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) on a farm where 46 out of 65 springbok died over a period of 3 months. Nervous signs, which included circling, opisthotonus, loss of balance, recumbency and intermittent paddling movements of the legs were seen in lambs and adult animals. Gross lesions consisted of a fibrinous peri- and epicarditis and interstitial nephritis, while the microscopical lesions were characterised by multifocal encephalomyelitis and meningitis, interstitial pneumonia, and vasculitis in the brain, spinal cord and myocardium. Colonies of suspected chlamydial organisms were seen in a few mononuclear cells and tubular epithelium in the kidneys. Ultrastructurally the colonies were composed of 3 morphological types of particles, consistent with the different stages in the life cycle of the chlamydiae.
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PMID:Chlamydiosis in a springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). 336 57

Serratia meningoencephalitis is often a fatal disease that causes widespread destruction of brain tissue despite aggressive antibiotic treatment. The autopsy findings of 2 cases are described. In a case caused by S. liquefaciens, previously not reported as the causative organism of meningoencephalitis, suppurative meningitis, ventriculitis, vasculitis, and extensive necrotic process of the brain matter were found. In the other case, caused by S. marcescens, the findings were those of acute and subacute abscesses with hemorrhagic necrosis.
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PMID:Autopsy findings of Serratia meningoencephalitis in infants. 354 73

Cerebral cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation with a highly variable prognosis and diverse clinical manifestations. Over the period of two years 51 patients were studied prospectively with this infestation, paying particular attention to the duration and severity of the illness, clinical course, CT findings and therapeutic modalities. Patients with parenchymal cysts or calcification without hydrocephalus had a benign disorder presenting commonly with seizures. This type of infestation usually is long-standing, almost never requires surgical treatment, responds to praziquantel therapy and has a good prognosis. In contrast, patients who present with hydrocephalus, large supratentorial cysts, multiple granulomata with cerebral oedema or with vasculitis and cerebral infarction, have an aggressive, acute or subacute illness, presenting with raised intracranial pressure, gait disturbances, mental changes, seizures, cranial nerve palsies, hemisphere syndromes, chronic meningitis and stroke. This malignant form usually requires surgical therapy, does not respond to praziquantel and may produce a fatal outcome or serious sequelae.
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PMID:A prognostic classification of cerebral cysticercosis: therapeutic implications. 378 74

The ocular lesions of bovine malignant catarrhal fever were characterized in 15 naturally occurring and eight experimentally induced cases of the disease. Consistent findings included: lymphocytic vasculitis of retinal, scleral, posterior ciliary, and uveal vessels; uveitis, especially involving ciliary processes, ciliary body, and iris; and keratitis with corneal edema, neovascularization, and epithelial and endothelial degeneration. Lymphocytic ciliary neuritis and optic meningitis were found less frequently. Ultrastructural examination of the ciliary body and iris from one experimental calf confirmed that most infiltrating mononuclear cells were lymphocytes. The uveitis, vasculitis, and keratitis of malignant catarrhal fever were probably immune-mediated.
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PMID:Ocular lesions of bovine malignant catarrhal fever. 400 35

Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal disease and meningitis is the most serious complication. The purpose of this study is to define problems related to its diagnosis and treatment. This is a retrospective analysis of 25 patients admitted from January 1978 to December 1981. All patients had cryptococcal neoformans meningitis proven by culture of cerebrospinal fluid. One patient had a predisposing illness, being on immunosuppressant therapy after a renal transplant 2 years ago. A progressively severe headache of recent onset was the most striking presentation. Fever was frequently absent as a symptom. Cranial nerve palsies were commonly seen. Impairment of consciousness and areflexia signified a poor prognosis as all four patients who died early in the course of treatment were comatose and two of them were areflexic on admission. In newly suspected cases at least 3 separate lumbar punctures are recommended as initial smears or cultures may be negative. Cerebral CT scans were abnormal in 12 patients and those with cerebral oedema or hydrocephalus had a poorer prognosis. Combined amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine therapy was the treatment of choice. If there is no relapse 3 years after completion of treatment, patients are considered as cured. Positive smears may remain for years after completion of treatment and retreatment is only indicated if the cultures are positive. Twenty patients are alive today and none of them have relapsed. One patient had vasculitis of both anterior cerebral arteries as a result of cryptococcal meningitis.
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PMID:Cryptococcal meningitis. 404 78

A study of 170 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and a review of the literature indicate that this disease can significantly affect the central nervous system. Signs of CNS dysfunction were observed in 13 children. During the acute toxic stages the EEG is abnormal in many cases. Other manifestations of toxic encephalopathy such as irritability, drowsiness, stupor, convulsions and marked meningismus may be evident in severe cases. Meningitis is often suspected but ruled out by the finding of normal CSF. Steroids can rapidly improve the condition of these children. If ;unexplained' seizures occur during the chronic stage, the diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis should be entertained.
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PMID:Cerebral complications in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 466 94

Seven cases of the most severe form of tuberculous meningitis, in which a midbrain syndrome developed, are reported. Three different types of progress were observed. Exudative inflammation and cerebral edema dominated in the first group, causing the rapid development of the acute midbrain syndrome, which may turn into a bulbar syndrome. In the second group the development of the midbrain was delayed and an apallic syndrome followed. The morphological examination disclosed local diencephalic and midbrain lesions caused by herniation and specific vasculitis and vascular compression. The third group showed disintegration of cortical function as a result of parenchymal lesions, apart from local midbrain symptoms which never fully intensified into the midbrain syndrome. Observation of the progress of the disease proved that late diagnosis and delayed therapy were decisive in cases of the most severe form of tuberculous meningitis.
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PMID:Symptomatology of the most severe form of tuberculous meningitis. 615 7

Mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV 3) is either avirulent (resistant mice), hepatotropic (susceptible mice), or neurotropic (semisusceptible mice), depending on the strain of mice infected. In semisusceptible mice, infection led first to a transient meningitis, ependymitis, and leukoencephalitis, followed by a permanent communicating hydrocephalus and, later on, to a chronic thrombotic vasculitis affecting meningeal and parenchymal vessels at the brain stem level. Small foci of ischemic necrosis related to vascular occlusions were seen in the dorsal brain stem. Cyclophosphamide treatment of semisusceptible mice significantly reduced the meningeal infiltrates but did not prevent the development of hydrocephalus and other neuropathologic changes. Identical lesions occurred in fully susceptible mice infected with a low dose of virus, but no neurologic disorder could be induced in genetically resistant mice even following immunosuppression or intracranial inoculation. The leukoencephalitis differed from the demyelinating lesions observed with MHV 4. Vascular lesions were of particular interest. More attention should be given to the possibility of virus induced chronic cerebral vasculitis in man.
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PMID:Ependymitis, leukoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, and thrombotic vasculitis following chronic infection by mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV 3). 629 23


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