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Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood flow disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to serious illness. They can be acute or chronic, their cause may be arterial or venous occlusion or hypotonia. Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by ischemia depend on localisation, acuteness and degree of the blood flow disturbance. They may reach from focal and segmental ischemic lesions to extensive necroses of the entire intestinal tubes. The most serious ischemic disease is the embolic and thrombotic occlusion of the arteria mesenterica superior due to previous arterosclerotic damage. Infarction of a large part of the intestines and peritonitis can be the consequence. These patients' only chance of survival is early diagnosis--as a rule exclusively via angiography--and immediate surgery. Chronic occlusion of the arteria mesenterica superior leads to angina abdominalis which mainly occurs after food intake and can last for hours. The reason may also be a general arteriosclerosis. Men are affected more frequently and at a younger age than women. As a consequence of lowered intestinal blood flow these patients suffer from malabsorption and heavy weight loss. Conservative therapy is not effective. These patients, too, will have to be treated surgically after previous angiography. Vascular disease with decreased blood flow as its consequence can be found in a number of inflammatory diseases, in malign hypertensian, in collagen disease and in other more rare diseases as pseudoxanthoma elasticum or Ehlers-Danlos-syndrome. In the case of ischemic colitis arterial and more rarely venous occlusions cause decreased blood flow in the big bowel. A frequent consequence is colitis in the left colon which is characterized by acuteness, pain in the left side of the abdomen and by heavy rectal bleeding. Diagnosis is established by means of endoscopy, barium enema and angiography. Primarily therapy of ischemic colitis is of the conservative type. In severe cases with gangrene and peritonitis the colon has to be resected.
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PMID:[Disorders of the blood circulation in the gastrointestinal tract]. 32 26

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relationship between asymptomatic hyperglycemia (IGT or newly diagnosed NIDDM) and atherosclerotic vascular disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--A representative cross-sectional population sample of 1431 subjects (511 men, 920 women; 65-74 yr old). Altogether, 312 men and 515 women had NGT, 84 men and 158 women had IGT, 33 men and 59 women had newly diagnosed NIDDM, and 82 men and 188 women had previously diagnosed NIDDM. Participation rate was 71%. Main outcome measures were prevalence rates of CHD, stroke, and intermittent claudication. RESULTS--There was no difference in the prevalence of definite or possible MI verified at hospital between subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia and NGT (15.5 vs. 13.3% in men, 6.3 vs. 5.3% in women). Men with asymptomatic hyperglycemia had 1.5 x higher prevalence of angina pectoris (29.4 vs. 19.3%, P less than 0.05), major Q-QS changes (21.1 vs. 12.0%, P less than 0.05), ischemic ECG changes (59 vs. 45%, P less than 0.05), and silent MI on ECG (14.8 vs. 7.9%, P less than 0.05) compared to men with NGT. Women with asymptomatic hyperglycemia had more often ischemic ECG changes compared to women with NGT (48.3 vs. 39.7%, P less than 0.05). There was no difference (NS) in the prevalence of verified stroke (3.5 vs. 4.6% in men, 2.7 vs. 2.5% in women) or claudication (7.0 vs. 7.7% in men, 4.6 vs. 4.3% in women) between subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia and NGT. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the association between risk factors and MI or ischemic ECG changes in subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia was not consistent. CONCLUSION--Elderly subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia (particularly men) tended to have an increased prevalence of CHD. Thus, asymptomatic hyperglycemia in the elderly is not a benign phenomenon but is associated with cardiovascular morbidity.
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PMID:Asymptomatic hyperglycemia and atherosclerotic vascular disease in the elderly. 150 3

During autumn 1989, 1,330 men and 1,561 women aged 20-65 years residing in Vejle replied to a questionnaire about dietary habits and knowledge concerning prevention of cardio-vascular disease. The majority ate fresh fruit and potatoes and drank coffee daily. More than one third ate vegetables daily and also whole-fat cheese. Over one quarter drank whole milk while less than 10% ate fish or fish spreads, eggs, cakes and sweets. Men ate potatoes and drank whole milk more frequently than women who ate fruit and vegetables more frequently. 75% and 81% stated that they avoided or included several foodstuffs for the sake of their health. The foodstuffs which were most frequently avoided were fat meat while wholemeal bread or vegetables and fruit were the foodstuffs which the majority included. 17% of the men and 29% of the women consumed more than three foodstuffs which were good for the heart daily. In particular, married persons, persons from the higher social classes and non-smokers had dietary habits beneficial to the heart. More than 90% knew that it was of significance in the avoidance of cardiovascular disease to eat less butter and fat and more vegetables and fish. The results show that the population in the County of Vejle are aware of the significance of diet for the risk of cardiovascular disease. A great proportion of the population, therefore, attempt to alter their diets in a healthier direction. A number still exist who have unsuitable diets as regards prevention of cardiovascular disease. In the County of Vejle, continued efforts will be made in the campaign against cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[Food habits and knowledge among adults in the county of Vejle in relation to prevention of cardiovascular disease]. 204 43

In spite of the vital role CT plays in the evaluation of vascular disease, no standard CT derived dimensions for the abdominal aorta, iliac, and femoral arteries have been established. A retrospective study of the CT scans of 260 patients was performed with patients separated by sex and age. Aortic diameter was measured at predetermined suprarenal, renal, and infrarenal locations and single measurements of the iliac and femoral arteries were made bilaterally. The vessel diameter was observed to gradually increase with age in both sexes. Men were found to have larger diameter vessels than age matched women. This pattern was noted at all levels measured. The normal range of vascular dimensions determined is presented.
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PMID:Normal aortoiliac diameters by CT. 339 59

The theory that sudden hearing loss is caused by some form of vascular catastrophe has not been confirmed by pathological evidence, but it agrees with a number of clinical observations. But there are several pieces of experimental and clinical evidence that cast serious doubt upon a vascular hypothesis, especially the considerable variability in site and degree of cochlear and vestibular impairment. A review of the vascular anatomy of the inner ear makes it clear that many clinically observed audiometric patterns and associated partial vestibular deficits in idiopathic sudden hearing loss cannot be explained by assigning a site of presumed vascular occlusion. We investigated 166 pure tone audiograms of patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss by using the statistical method of cluster analysis, which allow an explanation based on the vascular anatomy. Three types of audiograms could be found which differed not in shape but in the degree of hearing loss. None of them can be explained by the vascular anatomy. The three groups of audiograms with different degrees of hearing loss allowed investigations of the influence of age, sex, vestibular disturbance and vascular disease. Men are more often affected, the degree of the hearing loss is not dependent on age, vestibular disturbance, vascular disease, diabetes or smoking. The prognosis for sudden hearing loss is independent of all the investigated parameters. Our findings support the conclusion that a vascular hypothesis cannot adequately explain the clinical findings in idiopathic sudden hearing loss.
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PMID:[Does pure-tone audiometry provide inferences for a vascular cause of sudden deafness?]. 358 31

Factors potentially associated with adult-onset diabetes mellitus in the elderly were reviewed, using the Framingham Heart Study data and other population data. Incidence data for diabetes mellitus in the elderly are sparse, but they indicate that the prevalence of diabetes increases greatly with age. Prevalence rates commonly exceeded 10 percent in those over the age of 60. Men and women in the Framingham Study who were overweight by more than 40 percent had twice the prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared with those of normal weight. Hypertension and coexistent vascular disease were particularly common in elderly diabetic patients, with rates markedly greater than those found among younger adult-onset diabetic patients. In those 50 years of age or older, the later development of diabetes mellitus was associated with increased levels of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, elevated casual glucose levels, use of diuretics, and preexisting vascular disease.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. The Framingham Study. 370 88

With a computerized data base, a data retrieval system, and a computer program using the actuarial method of life-table analysis, we compared survival rates in different subgroups of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT; n = 199). Men (n = 71) had a shorter duration of survival than women (n = 128), with 500-day survival (mean +/- SEM) 84 +/- 5% vs. 99 +/- 3%, p less than 0.01; 1000-day survival 49 +/- 10% vs. 96 +/- 8%, p less than 0.001; 50% survival 1000 days vs. 1550 days. Patients younger than 65 years at onset had a decreased relative duration of survival compared with patients over 65 at onset, suggesting a more malignant course. Patients with a longer duration of illness tended to die sooner, but this effect was not statistically significant. The Kahn-Goldfarb mental-status quotient was not a predictor of survival. Patients with high Haycox behavioral score (greater than 20; n = 50), indicating more severe behavioral impairment, had lower survival rates at 500 days than patients with low scores (less than 12; n = 65) (80 +/- 6% vs. 95 +/- 3%, p less than 0.05). Hachinski ischemic score, measuring signs and symptoms of vascular disease, had no correlation with survival. Factors associated with decreased duration of survival in DAT include male sex, presenile onset, and increased severity of behavioral impairment.
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PMID:Factors associated with duration of survival in Alzheimer's disease. 396 40

Idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) is very common among young women. A thorough history and physical examination are the keys to determining the extent of a diagnostic workup. In an otherwise normal and asymptomatic young woman with vasospastic attacks involving symmetric aspects of the digits, a CBC, urinalysis, chest film, and ESR are recommended as a cost-effective workup. If these studies are negative, the disease is probably benign. A history or physical findings consistent with collagen vascular disease, obstructive arterial disease, or carpal tunnel or thoracic outlet syndrome should lead to selected diagnostic tests. Men, persons with onset of vasospastic attacks after age 40, and those with severe disease or trophic changes of the digits deserve a more comprehensive workup to screen for underlying causes.
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PMID:Evaluation of the patient with Raynaud's phenomenon. 402 48

In this review of the longterm risks of vasectomy, discussion covers the following: morphological changes in the testes after vasectomy; endocrine changes after vasectomy; psychosexual effects; immunological changes; and epidemiological studies. The degree of testicular damage after vasectomy depends on the distensibility of the vas deferens and varies from species to species. In men, there is an initial arrest in spermatogenesis for the 1st 3-6 weeks after ligation, followed by a progressive increase thereafter, until an equilibrium between sperm production and absorption develops. Histological studies have shown little change in testicular morphology. Hormonal changes after vasectomy are difficult to assess, because of the large fluctuations in serum levels of testosterone and gonadotrophins in the normal male. Some alterations in hormone levels have been reported, but these all remained within the normal range. No deleterious effect on endocrine function has been demonstrated after vasectomy. The results of recent research on the sexual effects of vasectomy performed in developed countries are almost uniformly positive. After vasectomy, men (and their spouses) reported improvements in sexual relationships and marital harmony and increases in libido and the frequency of sexual intercourse. Vasectomy also seems to have benign psychological effects. Men's self reports of their general health were not affected by this surgery. Feelings of regret after vasectomy in the developed countries were very rare and some studies reported no regrets at all. The presence of antisperm antibodies after vasectomy was initially reported in 1959, and it has subsequently been shown that 50-60% of vasectomized men develop sperm agglutinating antibodies, and 20-30% develop sperm immobilizing antibodies. If some of the antibodies are cross-reactive, the incidence ofautoimmune disease may be increased in vasectomized men. These antibodies may prevent pregnancy, even if a subsequent vasovasostomy is structurally successful. The most precise epidemiological study is one in which subjects and appropriately matched controls are followed up in parallel, and the incidence of morbidity is compared in the 2 groups. An alternative method is the case control study. 3 extensive studies are being sponsored currently by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in the US. 1 study is comparing the vasectomy status of men undergoing angiography. The 2nd of these studies is an ongoing study of the health and exercise status, including vasectomy status, of executives. The 3rd study is comparing the vasectomy status of men with myocardial infarction with that of healthy controls. These studies will show conclusively whether vasectomy is a risk factor for vascular disease.
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PMID:Vasectomy. What are the long-term risks? 663 92

Men, exhibiting risk factors of ischaemic heart disease (hypertension, family history, smoking, diabetes, retinal angiopathy, hypercholesterolaemia) reported to be less frustrated practically in all spheres of life than non-risk men. In women the overall difference was less conspicuous but the structure of frustrations somewhat differed. The IHD-prone women were more frustrated in the sphere of material needs and of assessment of their own health, which suggests that in them a certain feeling of illness is yet developing. On the other hand in the sphere of work and in their interpersonal relations they were less frustrated.
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PMID:Structure of life frustrations in subjects prone to ischemic heart disease. 718 58


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