Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight consecutive patients of an average age of 63 years with intermittent claudication secondary to underlying peripheral arterial disease were studied for evidence of metabolic or other cardiovascular abnormalities and the results obtained were compared with those of 28 matched control subjects free of vascular disease. Patients with peripheral arterial disease had significantly higher levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a greater incidence of ECG abnormalities, lipoprotein abnormalities, elevated serum triglycerides, and serum copper. The incidence of smoking and abnormal glucose tolerance, while higher in peripheral arterial disease patients, was not statistically significant. Hematocrit and serum cholesterol levels were nearly indentical in both groups of patients. Twenty-six of the 28 patiens with peripheral arterial disease had either a cardiovascular or a metabolic abnormality, indicating the high incidence of multisystem illness in this disorder. The epidemiologic data in peripheral arterial disease are similar to those in coronary artery disease but some measurements contrast sharply, such as the apparent normal level of serum cholesterol in patients with peripheral arterial diseases.
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PMID:Metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with peripheral arterial disease. 17 69

Oxidative modification of LDL renders it immunogenic and autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidised LDL, such as malondialdehyde (MDA)-lysine, are found in serum and recognise material in atheromatous tissue. However, there has been no prospective study to assess the importance of oxidised LDL among patients with vascular disease. We compared the titre of autoantibodies to MDA-modified LDL and native LDL in baseline serum samples of 30 eastern Finnish men with accelerated two-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis and 30 age-matched controls without progression. Neither group had specific antibody binding to native LDL. A titre was defined as a ratio of antibody binding to MDA-LDL/binding to native LDL. Cases had a significantly higher titre to MDA-LDL (2.67 vs 2.06, p = 0.003). Cases also had a greater proportion of smokers (37% vs 3%), higher LDL cholesterol (4.2 mmol/l vs 3.6 mmol/l), and higher serum copper concentration (1.14 mg/l vs 1.04 mg/l). Even after adjusting for these variables and the severity of baseline atherosclerosis, the difference in antibody titre remained significant in a multifactorial logistic model (p = 0.031). Thus, the titre of autoantibodies to MDA-LDL was an independent predictor of the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in these Finnish men. Our data provide further support for a role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherogenesis.
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PMID:Autoantibody against oxidised LDL and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. 135 50

It has been suggested that one risk factor in the development of hypertension and vascular disease may be abnormal copper and zinc metabolism. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that hypertension itself may result in alterations in the metabolism of these essential elements. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed diets containing 0.4 or 8.0% NaCl for 32 days. At the conclusion of the study, blood pressure was significantly higher in the rats fed a high NaCl diet than in controls. Liver, kidney, and heart copper concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed a high NaCl diet compared with controls, while plasma copper levels were higher. In contrast, tissue zinc levels were higher in the rats fed a high NaCl diet than in controls, while plasma zinc levels were lower. It is hypothesized that alterations in copper and zinc metabolism may be one factor underlying tissue damage in these animals.
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PMID:Hypertension-induced alterations in copper and zinc metabolism in Dahl rats. 358 2

Weanling rats were fed a copper-deficient purified diet. The effects of varying the type of protein and supplements of copper and zinc on cardiovascular pathology and some biochemical parameters were investigated. It was found that cardiomyopathy developed in the copper-deficient groups. Milk powder caused significant exacerbation of this development relative to dietary casein or egg white. Angiopathy developed only when dietary zinc was 20 ppm. Dietary copper did not change this situation. Serum cholesterol was elevated when copper was low and casein or milk powder were the protein source. The data point to an interaction between type of protein and dietary copper or zinc in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular lesions.
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PMID:Copper deficiency effects on cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism in the rat; the role of dietary proteins and excessive zinc. 406 44

Healthy elderly as a group have a wider range for serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and serum zinc than the adjusted ranges for the laboratory. In disease serum copper and/or ceruloplasmin act as acute-phase reactants in vascular disease, inflammation, and malignancy. Serum zinc values likewise are affected by the presence of inflammation and malignancy. The reported low level of copper in patients with osteoporosis was not confirmed by the present study. Neither was there any evidence found for zinc deficiency in patients with dementia.
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PMID:Copper and zinc levels in "healthy" and "sick" elderly. 406 66

Blackfoot disease (BFD) is an endemic peripheral vascular disorder resulting in gangrene of the lower extremities, especially the feet, among residents in a limited area on the southwest coast of Taiwan. In the present study, the concentrations of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in urine of BFD patients with matched normal controls are investigated by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The analytical results indicate that urinary copper, cadmium, and lead of the BFD patients are significantly higher than those of the controls. In addition, the patients showed a significantly lower concentration of zinc in the urine than the normal controls. The possible connection of these elements with the etiology of the disease is discussed.
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PMID:Simultaneous determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in urine of patients with blackfoot disease using anodic stripping voltammetry. 750 41

The nature of a pathological process in the central nervous system in Vilyui encephalomyelitis defines it as a specific entity of demyelinative encephalomyelitis with a drastic prevalence of an alternative component. The bulk of the nerve parenchyma dies from circulatory incompetence due to blood vascular diseases, which are typical of the disease, as a peculiar angiopathy and progressive reduction in the microcirculatory bed. Homeostatic disorders in the myelinic membranes of central nervous fibers were found to be of value. The maintenance of homeostasis is implicated by adequate oligodendroglial function and copper metabolism. The inhabitants of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are demonstrated to have oligodendroglial hypoplasia and exogenous and endogenous copper deficiency. This is suggested by low copper amounts in the natural environmental objects and in the hair of patients with chronic Vilyui encephalomyelitis.
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PMID:[New information on the histopathology of Vilyui encephalomyelitis: possible role of copper deficiency]. 751 Jan 77

Oxidative damage due to free radical production is increased in uraemic patients and has been suggested as a possible factor contributing to the anaemia of chronic renal failure (CRF) and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress was assessed in 40 patients with CRF maintained by either haemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and in 18 healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation (assessed as malondialdehyde, MDA), total glutathione (TG), antioxidant enzyme (glutathione reductase (GSHRx), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) activity and antioxidant associated trace metal (selenium, copper, zinc) levels were studied. Erythrocyte membrane fluidity was examined using the fluorescent probe 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). The results indicate increased levels of oxidative stress and altered erythrocyte membrane fluidity in patients treated with CAPD compared with controls and patients treated with HD. Only minor changes were observed in patients treated with HD. Altered free radical activity, oxidative stress and altered erythrocyte membrane fluidity observed in patients with CRF may contribute to the increase in vascular disease in such patients and to the anaemia of CRF.
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PMID:Oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in patients undergoing regular dialysis. 755 72

Recent evidence suggests that dietary therapy with lipid-soluble antioxidants may be beneficial for patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease but the potential mechanism(s) for these observations remain obscure. Abnormalities in endothelium-dependent control of vascular tone develop early in the course of atherosclerosis and may result from oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins. We examined the role of dietary antioxidants in preserving normal endothelial cell vasodilator function in cholesterol-fed rabbits with particular attention to possible effects on serum lipoproteins, low density lipoprotein oxidation, and atherogenesis. Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed diets containing no additive (controls), 1% cholesterol (cholesterol group), or 1% cholesterol chow supplemented with either beta-carotene (0.6 g/kg of chow) or alpha-tocopherol (1000 international units/kg of chow) for a 28-day period. After dietary therapy, thoracic aortae were harvested for assay of vascular function and for pathologic examination and tissue antioxidant levels. Compared to controls, acetylcholine- and A23187-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations were significantly impaired in vessels from the cholesterol group (P < 0.001), whereas vessels from animals treated with beta-carotene or alpha-tocopherol demonstrated normal endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation. Preservation of endothelial function was associated with vascular incorporation of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene but was unrelated to plasma lipoprotein levels, smooth muscle cell function, or the extent of atherosclerosis. Increased low density lipoprotein resistance to ex vivo copper-mediated oxidation was observed only in the alpha-tocopherol group. Our results suggest that dietary antioxidants may benefit patients with atherosclerosis by preserving endothelial vasodilator function through a mechanism related to vascular tissue antioxidant content and not reflected by assay of low density lipoprotein resistance to ex vivo oxidation.
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PMID:Dietary antioxidants preserve endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation in cholesterol-fed rabbits. 826 42

Diabetic women present an interesting challenge to the reproductive health-care physician and gynecologist. Good preconceptual counselling reduces the risk of adverse consequences of the pregnancy to the mother and the fetus and should be encouraged. Poor metabolic control has been linked with an increased risk of congenital malformations. The low-dose combined pill (COC) does not appear to increase the risk of diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes. Young healthy diabetic women under 25 years old may be prescribed the low-dose COC with careful metabolic monitoring. The copper intrauterine contraceptive device is a useful choice in diabetic women with vascular disease, proliferative retinopathy and nephropathy. The progestogen-only pill and barrier methods may sometimes have unacceptable failure rates in diabetic women who may require to avoid a pregnancy at any cost. When a couple's family is complete, sterilization and vasectomy should be encouraged.
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PMID:Clinical guidelines on contraception and diabetes. 967 88


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