Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Terminal circulation can be studied in vivo using capillaroscopy. This paper presents the results of systematic investigations of capillary permeability (KPU) in the nailfold. In addition to the morphology of capillary loops, we investigated the transcapillary passage and interstitial distribution of sodium fluorescein (Na-flu) in healthy persons (42) and in patients suffering from functional microangiopathies (17) or organic vascular disease (58). The effects of various therapeutic measures on the microcirculation were also studied. First, dynamic processes at the capillary loops were recorded on a video system. The second step consisted of quantification of the pericapillary light intensities (FLI) at predetermined times using a computerized video-densitometer. The measured variables, i.e. maximal interstitial FLI, diameter of the juxtacapillary halo (IK-H) and distance between the intracapillary column of red cells and the interstitial peak of FLI, provided information about the permeability of the capillaries and the interstitial diffusion of Na-flu. In healthy subjects, the interstitial FLI reached its highest values 10 sec after the appearance of Na-flu in the capillary loop, the distance between the peak of FLI and the intracapillary column of erythrocytes increased continuously over a period of 2 min, whereas the diameter of the IK-H reached a constant value after 20 sec. In patients suffering from functional microangiopathy, an increased pericapillary FLI as well as an enlarged juxtacapillary zone with elevated Na-flu concentrations could be established as objective criteria in addition to the already known alterations of the morphology of the capillary loops. Similar observations, but of much greater extent, were made in patients suffering from microvessels disease associated with collagen disease. The regional variation in the pericapillary FLI supports the assumption that morphological changes are present in these patients. KPU in patients suffering from organic macroangiopathy revealed no changes in comparison to healthy persons. The effects of conventional therapy in patients with reduced peripheral arterial perfusion on the parameters measured by KPU were of variable magnitude. The increase in trans-capillary leakage and interstitial dispersion of Na-flu was significant during systemic fibrinolysis and during the intra-arterial application of PGE1. The changes in the measured parameters were considerably smaller during therapy with phenprocoumarol and heparin, whereas treatment with inhibitors of platelet aggregation left the results of KPU unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Computer-assisted in vivo study of capillary permeability]. 386 22

The aging kidney suffers reduction both in mass and in glomerular filtration rate. These changes may be totally or partially due to atherosclerosis and hypertension, which reduce renal blood flow. Superimposed on these processes, and perhaps responsible for primary loss of renal mass irrespective of renal vascular disease, is glomerular damage and involution that is a consequence of adaptive increases in glomerular perfusion pressure that occurs as the number of nephrons decline with age. The data available at this time do not allow us to distinguish between these two potential mechanisms of renal senescence. The decline in GFR is in turn responsible for reduced renal acidification and the reduced renal clearance of drugs that are normally removed by the kidney. Certain renal functions, however, are depressed to a greater extent than is GFR. Both the ability to maximally dilute the urine and to maximally concentrate it are controlled by serum ADH concentrations and by the action of that hormone on the collecting duct. Aged rats do not maximally secrete ADH under conditions of dehydration and the effect of ADH on the kidney is also attenuated. Elderly humans also cannot maximally suppress ADH secretion when serum osmolality is reduced. Likewise, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis is poorly responsive to volume depletion in aging subjects. As a result, elderly individuals cannot maximally retain sodium under conditions of plasma volume contraction out of proportion to reduction in GFR. The kidney is the site of vitamin D1 hydroxylation. Hydroxylation of vitamin D is reduced out of proportion to any reduction in GFR in the rat. There are no data as yet available on the effect of aging and the production of erythropoietin, a principal regulator of red blood cell mass. Neither are there data available on changes that might occur with advancing age in the ability of the aging kidney to metabolize various hormones, such as parathyroid hormone, glucagon, and insulin. The mechanisms and the full biochemical and physiologic consequences of renal senescence remain to be fully elucidated.
 ...
PMID:The aging kidney. 391

Mice were implanted subcutaneously with a pellet containing 0.5 mg estradiol or with a placebo. Eight to 12 days later platelet aggregation was produced in pial arterioles by injuring their endothelium in vivo with a noxious light/dye stimulus. The time between the onset of the noxious stimulus and the appearance of platelet aggregates was significantly shortened (p less than .02) by estradiol treatment in young (2 month old) mice. The same treatment had the opposite effect in 4-6 month old mice and significantly delayed the onset of aggregation (p = .01). When platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared, aggregation by sodium arachidonate was always inhibited in PRP from estradiol treated mice, irrespective of age. Estradiol treatment had no effect on aggregation induced ex vivo by ADP. Thus the enhanced aggregation observed in pial arterioles of young estradiol treated mice may not reflect direct effects of estradiol on the platelet itself. The data are discussed in light of the literature suggesting enhancement of ischemic vascular disease, including strokes, in patients receiving estrogens, and especially high doses of estrogens.
 ...
PMID:Effects of estradiol on platelet aggregation in cerebral microvessels of mice. 393 2

Experiments were made on albino rats with alloxan diabetes. Half of the animals received sodium ribonucleate (20 mg/100 g) per os daily for two weeks. The intensity of RNA biosynthesis was judged from 32P incorporation. It was established that insulin deficiency abolished the biosynthesis of mitochondrial, cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA in the liver and kidneys, of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic RNA in the heart muscle, and of total RNA in the aorta tissue. Oral administration of sodium ribonucleate gave rise to the increased biosynthesis of RNA in these organs. A conclusion is drawn that oral application of the drug may be used in combined treatment of diabetes mellitus in general, and of that complicated by angiopathy, in particular.
 ...
PMID:[Action of perorally administered sodium ribonucleinate on RNA biosynthesis in the aortic, cardiac, liver and kidney tissue of animals with experimental diabetes mellitus]. 617 59

A new technique has been developed for the microanalysis of interstitial fluid from peripheral nerve. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) was employed to measure X-ray fluorescence secondary to electron excitation of endoneurial fluid in order to determine the concentration of sodium, chloride, and potassium from 100 picoliter samples collected in situ. Normal Long-Evans (L-E) rats had endoneurial fluid electrolyte values which were higher than serum values and which explained the positive fluid pressure in peripheral nerve interstitium. Ten weeks after starting a diet containing 6% lead carbonate in powdered laboratory chow, endoneurial fluid electrolytes in LE rats were significantly reduced and approached serum electrolyte concentrations. This change occurred subsequent to angiopathy and increased permeability of the blood-nerve barrier. This sensitive new technique should provide previously unattainable data to assess the pathological role and the dynamics of the nerve fiber environment in relationship to early changes in nerve function.
 ...
PMID:Endoneurial fluid is hypertonic. Results of microanalysis and its significance in neuropathy. 630 28

A girl aged 1 year died of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis while taking sodium valproate. Necropsy showed widespread vascular disease that may have contributed to the onset of pancreatitis. Previous reports of pancreatitis in children receiving valproic acid are reviewed and although the association is rare, a causal relation between pancreatitis and valproic acid seems to have been established.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatitis during sodium valproate treatment. 640 11

Risk for renal insufficiency (RI) resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) exists in cirrhosis with ascites, nephrotic syndrome, decompensated congestive heart failure, and chronic renal disease. We saw seven cases of NSAID RI that demonstrate important additional clinical risk factors. These include advanced age (mean, 76 years), use of diuretic drugs (6/7 patients), and evidence of renal vascular disease as suggested by long-standing hypertension, diabetes, or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (7/7 patients). Analysis of past case reports of NSAID RI also showed these features. Treatment of acute gouty arthritis was the most common precipitating event. Evolving NSAID RI was suggested by rising serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum potassium levels, and body weight gain associated with low fractional excretion of sodium. We conclude that since NSAID RI is preventable and reversible, it is important to recognize and monitor the conditions of those patients at risk.
 ...
PMID:Identification of risk for renal insufficiency from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 686 44

Five patients with collagen vascular disease and keratoconjunctivitis sicca underwent cataract surgery and implantation of intraocular lenses. Postoperative development of corneal melting may have been potentiated by the use of topical 0.1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate alcohol and neomycin sulfate. Permanent visual loss occurred in two patients. Implant removal was necessary in two eyes. Medical management consisted of discontinuance of administration of steroids and antibiotics, as well as the addition of tear substitutes, cycloplegics, and pressure patching.
 ...
PMID:Corneal melting with intraocular lenses. 689 39

The level of arterial blood pressure is set by complete interactions of several mechanisms which influence both blood flow in and resistance of the vascular system. An imbalance favouring elevation of vascular resistance or extracellular volume will result in hypertension. Such alterations may include increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, of the renin-angiotensin system, or excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids. Of equal importance may be a reduced activity of blood pressure-lowering factors such as prostaglandins and the kallikrein-kinin system. This paper describes the possible significance of prostaglandins in the pathophysiology of hypertension and in degenerative vascular disease, based on their involvement in the control of vascular resistance, renal regulation of extracellular volume and platelet-vessel wall interactions. An abnormality in the biosyn-thesis of certain prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolites may lead to hypertension even without an increase in the activity of the classic blood-pressure-elevating systems. The contribution of prostaglandins for the development of hypertension and degenerative vascular disease may be based on an inherent abnormality of the prostaglandin system, as well as on the effects of major risk factors such as dietary intake of sodium and fat on prostaglandin synthesis. Specific blockade or stimulation of distinct biosynthetic pathways leading to antagonistically acting prostaglandins and nutritional manipulation of precursor fatty acids should lead to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms involved and may offer new strategies for therapy or prevention of these cardiovascular disorders.
 ...
PMID:Arachidonic acid metabolites, hypertension and arteriosclerosis. 695 29

Systemic hemodynamics, intravascular volume, and plasma renin activity were determined in 135 lean, midly obese, or distinctly overweight subjects who were normotensive or had borderline or established essential hypertension. Cardiac output (but not index) was higher and peripheral resistance lower in obese than in lean subjects, except in borderline hypertension. Intravascular volume was increased in obese patients, and more so when corrected for body height; correction for body weight led to relative volume contraction. Intravascular volume correlated directly with cardiac output in the entire population, as well as in the subgroups. Intravascular volume correlated inversely with total peripheral resistance in all subjects and in each subgroup. Both correlations remained significant when an approximation was used to correct influences of obesity on total blood volume. Sodium excretion was higher in obese than in lean subjects. Thus, despite the expanded intravascular volume in obesity, the pathophysiologic relationship between systemic hemodynamics and intravascular volumes remains unchanged. Relatively low peripheral resistance in obesity may decrease the risk of systemic vascular disease. Nevertheless, since circulating volume is increased, the greater venous return adds an additional load to a left ventricle that is already burdened by a high afterload caused by arterial hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Obesity and essential hypertension. Hemodynamics, intravascular volume, sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity. 700 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>