Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A large-scale prospective study of 23,000 current oral contraceptive users and a similar number of matched nonusers (controls) was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2 types of progestogens (norethindrone acetate of NEA and levonorgestrel) on the rate of reporting of arterial diseases. 3 NEA pills contained 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol combined with 1, 3, and 4 mg of NEA. 2 levonorgestrel pills contained 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol combined with 150 and 250 mcg respectively of levonorgestrel. All 3 categories of arterial diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases) exhibited a clear association of higher rates of reporting with larger doses of progestogens. In cerebrovascular diseases specifically, and arterial diseases in general, the trend with the NEA dose is statistically significant (P0.05). Pills with 250 mcg levonorgestrel are also significantly associated with a higher rate of total arterial disease than those with 150 mcg of progestogen. A striking inverse relationship is observed between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the progestogen dose and rate of reporting of arterial disease, confirming previous observations. This study does not provide evidence that progestogens administered alone would have the same effects, nor does it assume that estrogens do not contribute to the increased risk of vascular disease in pill users. The need to develop a contraceptive risk of vascular disease in pill users. The need to develop a contraceptive pill with the lowest activity of both steroids consistent with contraceptive effectiveness and high menstrual cycle control is indicated.
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PMID:Progestogens and arterial disease--evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' study. 680 81