Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood-onset vascular disease. We assessed the concentrations of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and those of lipids in sera from patients with KD. The M-CSF concentration in patients with acute-phase KD was 2,914+/-159 U/ml, significantly higher than that in control subjects with Infectious diseases (1,241+/-96 U/ml). The elevated levels of this cytokine in the acute phase fell to 1,319+/-138 U/ml in the convalescent phase. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in acute phase KD (113.8+/-8.4 and 21.5+/-2.3 mg/dl, respectively) were lower than in the infectious disease controls (195.8+/-7.0 and 62.5+/-1.8 mg/dl). The elevation of M-CSF correlated with the decrease of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Overproduction of macrophage-colony stimulating factor activates macrophages and monocytes and may disturb the lipid metabolism. Both effects could contribute to vasculitis in KD.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Jun
PMID:Inverse correlation between macrophage-colony stimulating factor, cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in Kawasaki disease. 1169 25

In the past, recommended vitamin or micronutrient intakes have often been based on levels that were adequate to prevent clinical deficiencies from developing. Once these levels were reached, clinicians and nutrition scientists generally attributed little value to higher vitamin intake from supplements or food sources. Evidence has continued to mount showing that the intake and serum concentration of certain vitamins above those necessary to prevent clinical deficiencies, might importantly influence health status. This paper discusses the association of anti-oxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease, and the association of low intake or serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, and elevated serum homocysteine, resulting in an increase in vascular disease risk.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2001
PMID:Cardiovascular risk in the Asia-Pacific region from a nutrition and metabolic point of view: vitamin deficiencies. 1171 Mar 47

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood-onset vascular disease. In order to determine whether KD is associated with altered chemokine production, we measured CCL2, CCL22, and CXCL10 levels in the serum of KD patients and healthy control subjects. The mean serum concentration of CCL2 in KD subjects was 829.0 +/- 388.2 pg/ml, significantly higher than that seen in healthy controls (223.4 +/- 92.6 pg/ml; p < 0.001). In addition, the mean serum CXCL10 level in KD subjects was 2,469.4 +/- 998.8 pg/ml, again significantly higher than that in healthy controls (127.7 +/- 64.2 pg/ml; p < 0.001). No difference was observed in serum concentrations of CCL22 between KD and healthy controls (1,685 +/- 1,985 microg/ml and 1,539 +/- 380 microg/ml, respectively). Thus, we observed the selective induction of a TH1-associated (CXCL10) and a TH2-associated chemokine (CCL2) in the serum of individuals with KD, suggesting a mixed TH1/TH2 response at the level of chemokine production and subsequent cell recruitment and thus pointing at a potential role for these chemokines in the pathology of KD.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2003 Sep
PMID:Chemokines in Kawasaki disease: measurement of CCL2, CCL22 and CXCL10. 1503 97

Long-term type 2 diabetes can lead to numerous biological complications, such as hypertension and cardio-vascular disease. Key enzymes involved in the enzymatic breakdown of complex carbohydrates,pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidase, have been targeted as potential avenues for modulation of type 2 diabetes-associated post-prandial hyperglycemia through mild inhibition of their enzymatic activities so as to decrease meal-derived glucose absorption. Further, inhibition of hypertension-linked angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) was targeted as a potential approach for modulation of diabetes-linked hypertension. Water-soluble extracts of soybean optimized for phenolic content via sprouting or bioprocessing by dietary fungus (Rhizopus oligosporus, Lentinus edodes) were investigated for inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA), yeast alpha-glucosidase, and rabbit lung ACE in vitro. PPA was allowed to react with each phenolic-optimized extract and the derivatized enzyme-phytochemical mixtures obtained were characterized for residual amylase activity. Alpha-glucosidase and ACE activities were determined in the presence of each phenolic-optimized extract. All of the soybean extracts possessed marked anti-amylase activity, with extracts of R. oligosporus-bioprocessed soybean having the strongest inhibitory activity, but only slight anti-glucosidase activity. The anti-amylase activity of each extract seemed associated with extract antioxidant activity. Anti-enzyme activity was slightly associated with total soluble phenolic content per se, but seemed more associated to the length of sprouting or bioprocessing of the soybean substrate. Short-term sprouting or bioprocessing seemed to improve anti-amylase activity, while long-term sprouting or bioprocessing seemed to aid anti-glucosidase activity. While ACE activity was strongly inhibited by all of the soybean extracts (44-97%), only sprouting was found to increase this inhibition and bioprocessing of soybean with L. edodes decreased inhibitory activity of soybean extract. The results suggest that sprouting and dietary fungal bioprocessing of soybean improve the anti-diabetic potential of soybean extracts, potentially through modulation of the phenolic profile of the extract, and further suggest that enzyme inhibitory activity may be linked to phenolic antioxidant mobilization during spouting and/ or bioprocessing. The significance of food-grade, plant-based enzyme inhibitors for modulation of carbohydrate breakdown and control of glycemic index of foods in the context of preventing hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus complications such as hypertension in the long-term is hypothesized and discussed.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2005
PMID:Anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive potential of sprouted and solid-state bioprocessed soybean. 1592 31

Insufficient growth and rarefaction of capillaries, followed by endothelial dysfunction may represent one of the most critical mechanisms involved in heart damage. In this study we examined histochemical and ultrastructural changes in myocardial capillary endothelium in two models of heart failure streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ) and NO-deficient hypertension in male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single i.v. dose of STZ (45 mg/kg) and chronic 9-week stage was analysed. To induce NO-deficient hypertension, animals were treated with inhibitor of NO synthase L-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Left ventricular tissue was processed for enzyme catalytic histochemistry of capillary alkaline phosphatase (AlPh), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), and endothelial NO synthase/NADPH-diaphorase (NOS) and for ultrastructural analysis. In diabetic and hypertensive rats, lower/absent AlPh and DPP IV activities were found in focal micro-areas. NOS activity was significantly reduced and persisted only locally. Quantitative evaluation demonstrated reduction of reaction product intensity of AlPh, DPP and NOS by 49.50%, 74.36%, 20.05% in diabetic and 62.93%, 82.71%, 37.65% in hypertensive rats. Subcellular alterations of endothelial cells were found in heart of both groups suggesting injury of capillary function as well as compensatory processes. Endothelial injury was more significant in diabetic animals, in contrast the adaptation was more evident in hypertensive ones. CONCLUDING: both STZ-induced diabetes- and NO-deficient hypertension-related cardiomyopathy were accompanied by similar features of structural remodelling of cardiac capillary network manifested as angiogenesis and angiopathy. The latter was however, predominant and may accelerate disappearance of capillary endothelium contributing to myocardial dysfunction.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and histochemistry of rat myocardial capillary endothelial cells in response to diabetes and hypertension. 1604 16

Increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It can cause multi-disease manifestations such as smooth muscle proliferation, premature occlusive vascular disease, progressive arterial stenosis, haemostatic changes, placental vasculopathy, spontaneous early abortion, birth defects, impaired cognitive function and dementia. This review paper summarizes the role of elevated Hcy levels in cardiovascular and other diseases and the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology involved in the deleterious manifestations of hyperhomocysteinemia. We have collected data from MEDLINE, Current Contents and scientific journals, which included 112 publications from 1932 to 2007. Cardiovascular pathophysiology in hyperhomocysteinemia is a complicated process, possibly due to direct toxicity of Hcy on tissues, low S-adenosylmethionine, high S-adenosylhomocysteine or thrombotic events triggered by stimulation of procoagulant factors and suppression of anticoagulant factors and platelet activation, thereby enhancing oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell proliferation, formation of reactive oxygen species, hypomethylation, induction of unfolded protein responses and extracellular matrix modification. The mechanisms involved in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease still remains a mystery in many respects, and more studies are needed to elucidate this association.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2008
PMID:Cardiovascular pathogenesis in hyperhomocysteinemia. 1836 20

Excess dietary salt is a well established cause of high blood pressure and vascular disease. National and international bodies recommend a significant reduction in population salt intakes on the basis of strong evidence for health gains that population salt reduction strategies could achieve. The Australian Division of World Action on Salt and Health (AWASH) coordinates the Drop the Salt! campaign in Australia. This aims to reduce the average amount of salt consumed by Australians to six grams per day over five years through three main implementation strategies targeting the food industry, the media and government. This strategy has the potential to achieve a rapid and significant reduction in dietary salt consumption in Australia. With industry and government engagement, this promises to be a highly effective, low cost option for preventing chronic disease.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2009
PMID:The development of a national salt reduction strategy for Australia. 1978 77

Several studies show that intrauterine nutrition restriction is associated with vascular disease. Animal studies have shown that atherosclerosis can be affected by a constrained intrauterine diet, but this relationship in humans is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal intake during pregnancy and carotid intimal media thickness (CIMT). We measured CIMT in 565 twenty year old young adults whose mothers, while pregnant, participated in a nutritional study during 1989-1990 at two hospitals in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed by two methods in each trimester, namely, the 24 hours food recall method and the food frequency method. Carotid intimal media thickness was greater in males and participants who showed higher blood glucose, higher body mass index and higher systolic blood pressure. Maternal protein intake during the first trimester was negative correlated with thickness of CIMT (p=0.02). The mean CIMT of participants whose mothers were in the lowest quarter of the distribution of protein intake in the first trimester was 0.45 mm (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-0.46) more than that of those whose mothers were in the highest quarter of the distribution (0.43 mm 95% CI: 0.42-0.44). In conclusion, lower maternal protein intake during early pregnancy may increase CIMT in adolescents.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2012
PMID:Intrauterine nutrition and carotid intimal media thickness in young Thai adults. 2250 12

Environmental and genetic factors influence serum total homocysteine (tHcy), a risk factor for vascular diseases. The gene polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is reported to be a genetic factor for influencing tHcy. However, it is not clear whether MTHFR polymorphism influences tHcy in the younger generation. To investigate the influence of MTHFR polymorphism on vascular disease risks in young Japanese females, we determined dietary intakes, serum folate and tHcy, and examined the influence of MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism in healthy junior and high school students (n=192, 12-18y). The relationships between MTHFR polymorphism and folate intake, serum folate or tHcy were investigated by dividing participants into CC, CT and TT types. Among individuals with the TT genotype, folate and tHcy levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) or higher (p<0.0001), respectively, than in those with the other genotypes; although there were no significant differences in the intake of folate among genotypes. In addition, a significant inverse correlation between folate and tHcy (p<0.05) was noted in all genotypes, even in young females, so far not examined in Asian populations. Therefore, MTHFR genotypes were proven to be a significant determinant for folate and tHcy concentrations. However, the association of increased folate intake with lower tHcy concentration, even in cases of the mutation TT type, indicates the importance of folate intake in young Japanese females for early detection of risk, as well as the prevention of vascular diseases.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2012
PMID:Serum folate, total homocysteine levels and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T polymorphism in young healthy female Japanese. 2250 17

Most common cause of thalamic bleed is hypertension; other causes are arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm, bleeding diathesis, drugs, amyloid angiopathy, tumor etc. We present a case of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria with unusual site of bleeding i.e. left thalamus of brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of thalamic bleed caused by vivax malaria in absence of severe thrombocytopenia/disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Asian Pac J Trop Med 2012 Aug
PMID:Vivax malaria: a rare cause of thalamic bleed. 2284 Apr 58


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