Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cellular events that occur in the vessel wall consequent to changes in endothelial permeability result in the progression of vascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis. Female rhesus monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet or were made hypertensive for 6-8 months; and their vessels were then compared with vessels from control monkeys. Length-defined segments of coronary vessels, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta showed significant increases in total connective tissue in the atherosclerotic and hypertensive groups; pulmonary vessels did not. The diseased aortic segments had increased levels of two lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase; pulmonary vessels were not diseased and did not show these changes. Coronary vessels from the atherosclerotic and hypertensive groups did not show an increase in enzyme levels on biochemical measurements, but focal accumulations of lysosomes were identified by cytochemical techniques. In atherosclerotic lesions, a doubling of cholesterol and more than a tenfold increase in cholesterol ester were found. These connective tissue and lysosomal changes are early features of primate vascular disease and may result from the accumulation of excessive substrate (cholesterol ester) in the lysosomes of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Arterial lysosomes and connective tissue in primate atherosclerosis and hypertension. 111 47

Urinary beta-hexosaminidase is a sensitive indicator of renal damage. The urinary excretion of this enzyme was measured in 31 patients with ischaemic stroke in the acute phase and in 126 patients 21-43 weeks after their stroke. Both immediately and after 21-43 weeks the patients showed a similar and a significantly increased level of urinary beta-hexosaminidase. This indicates the presence of renal injury in the stroke patients, which in turn might reflect a generalized vascular disease.
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PMID:Elevated urinary beta-hexosaminidase in patients with stroke. 148 16

Lysosomes are involved in atherogenesis. Therefore we have studied the level of serum beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes (Hex A and Hex B) in relation to risk factors for atherosclerosis in a homogeneous population of 886 post-menopausal women. We found a relation with several risk factors such as serum triglycerides, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, waist/hip ratio and body mass index but not with serum cholesterol. Also, the mean values for Hex A and Hex B were higher in smokers than in non-smokers but only the mean value for Hex A differed significantly. The relation of serum beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes to risk factors might be due to lysosomal over-loading, which gives rise to increased enzyme synthesis and enhanced secretion of lysosomal enzymes to circulation. The subjects in the 95-100 percentile of Hex A showed significantly increased frequency of myocardial infarction of their fathers and of stroke in their mothers and the subjects in the 95-100 percentile of Hex B showed increased frequency of stroke in their mothers. Thus the findings of a relation between Hex isoenzymes and heredity for vascular disease further stress the significant relation between Hex isoenzymes and risk factors. Since Hex B is a sensitive marker for alcohol abuse, we also investigated its serum level in subjects that could be suspected of alcohol abuse. However, we did not find any differences in these subjects compared with the others, possibly due to the relatively short half-life of Hex B after alcohol withdrawal.
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PMID:Serum beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes are related to risk factors for atherosclerosis in a large population of postmenopausal women. 795 22

Plasma/serum beta-hexosaminidase (Hex) activity is known to be increased in chronic alcoholism, liver disorders, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Hex activity also shows an association with risk factors for vascular disease and heredity for arteriosclerosis. There are several isoenzymes of Hex. Using an enzyme immunoassay for Hex isoenzymes (Hex A and Hex B) we studied possible determinants of Hex isoenzymes and their relation to vascular disease in randomly invited (n = 244) 35-95-year-old men and women. In both sexes there were significant age-related increases in Hex activities and men exhibited higher activity of both isoenzymes. Both Hex isoenzymes correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides and liver enzymes, whereas Hex A was distinguished from Hex B by its stronger correlation with blood glucose. In multiple linear regression analysis Hex A was explained to 20.7% by blood glucose, age, serum aspartate aminotransferase and glutamyl transpeptidase. Hex B was explained to 14% by age, serum glutamyl transpeptidase and serum triglycerides. There was no significant increase in Hex isoenzymes in subjects with hypertension, diabetes mellitus or myocardial disease, nor did current smokers exhibit any increase of these enzymes compared to non-smokers. The main conclusion in that liver function, as reflected by the level of liver enzymes and glucose metabolism, is the major determinant for Hex isoenzymes in plasma.
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PMID:beta-Hexosaminidase isoenzymes A and B in middle-aged and elderly subjects: determinants of plasma levels and relation to vascular disease. 888 76

We determined plasma activity of the isoenzymes of beta-hexosaminidase (Hex) in 151 patients with cerebral infarction, since earlier findings have shown a relation between Hex isoenzymes and risk factors for vascular disease in normal subjects. Compared with 206 control subjects, an elevated level of plasma Hex isoenzymes was found in patients with cerebral infarction, particularly females. However, there was no relation to the clinical subtypes of diagnosis or to the presence of any risk factors for vascular disease, such as carotid artery stenosis, major potential cardio-embolic risk factors on echocardiography, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus or tobacco smoking. Instead, our findings indicate that Hex isoenzymes in patients with cerebral infarction are more influenced by the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood glucose. The main conclusion is that the liver function as reflected by the level of liver enzymes and glucose metabolism are the major determinants of Hex isoenzymes in plasma.
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PMID:Plasma beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes A and B in patients with cerebral infarction. 891