Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

M-mode echocardiography was used to examine in male subjects the physical properties of the ascending aorta, 3 cm above the valvular plane. Subjects were divided into three groups based on age, lifestyle and presence or absence of vascular disease: Group A (10 recruited military young men, age 20.87 +/- 0.834 years) in good health; Group B (14 senior competitive athletes, age 49.92 +/- 8.17 years); Group C (10 patients with effort-angina, age 53.1 +/- 11.18 years). We observed that: the inner diastolic diameter of the ascending aorta was different between Group A and B (p < 0.001) and between Group A and C (p < 0.001), and it increased with aging (r = 0.7) whereas no relationship to body surface was seen (r = 0.3); the elasticity-stiffness parameters (aortic wall distensibility, aortic wall stress, wall stiffness index, wall elasticity index and modulus) of major vessels in senior athletes (Group B), were not different (p > 0.05) from military young men (Group A), although they were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in Group C patients; wall elasticity was lower in Group C patients (versus both Group A and B). Altered compliance might be the consequence of vessel structural changes and may contribute to reduce blood flow to the coronary arteries. Our data suggest that sports activity has beneficial effects; physical characteristics of great vessels do not show age-related changes.
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PMID:[Wall elasticity of the ascending aorta in ischemic heart disease]. 766 7

The endothelium plays a major role in modulating vascular smooth muscle tone by synthesizing and metabolizing a number of vasoactive substances. Since the endothelium is both a target for and a mediator of vascular disease, functional alterations in coronary vascular reactivity due to endothelial dysfunction might play an important integral part in the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease. Recent advances in interventional techniques including intracoronary instrumentation by Doppler catheters to measure blood flow velocities and 2-D-ultrasound catheters to evaluate arterial wall architecture during coronary angiography provided the diagnostic tools to assess endothelial vasodilator function and its relation to atherosclerotic disease. The current weight of evidence suggests that disturbances of vasomotor function of epicardial conductance vessels are fundamental to the development of atherosclerosis, and impaired endothelial vasodilation is the predominant mechanism underlying inappropriate vasoconstriction in atherosclerosis. However, endothelial vasodilator dysfunction is not only confined to atherosclerotic epicardial vessels, but may also extend into the coronary microcirculation, which does not develop overt atherosclerotic lesions, but determines coronary blood flow in the absence of hemodynamically significant stenoses. The most important factors associated with impaired endothelium-mediated dilation of the coronary microcirculation are hypercholesterolemia and advanced age. With respect to the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease, endothelial vasodilator dysfunction appears to play a causative role for triggering myocardial ischemia in stable angina pectoris, to aggravate the sequelae of acute ischemic syndromes, and might be the primary underlying mechanism in some patients with syndrome X, whereas variant angina appears to be related to a hyperreactivity of the vascular smooth muscle layer. Thus, the assessment of endothelium-mediated modulation of coronary vasomotor tone in the clinical setting offers unique and important insights into mechanisms leading to ischemic manifestations of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Assessment of endothelial modulation of coronary vasomotor tone: insights into a fundamental functional disturbance in vascular biology of atherosclerosis. 794 66

Carvedilol is a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking vasodilator drug that may be a promising new agent in the management of cardiovascular disease. The rationale for the development of agents of this type is that the alpha-blocking component may overcome the direct vasoconstrictor consequence of beta 2-blockade, whilst the beta-blocker component may inhibit the reflex tachycardia that occurs following alpha-blockade. In clinical trials published to date, carvedilol has been demonstrated to be effective as an antihypertensive agent as monotherapy and also as additional therapy in those patients whose blood pressure cannot be controlled on other standard agents. It is also effective in the management of angina. Carvedilol has beneficial haemodynamic effects in patients with congestive heart failure. beta-Blocker vasodilator drugs of this type may be particularly useful in this condition as the vasodilator component of the drug may overcome the initial negative inotropy of the beta-blocker. In addition, carvedilol possess potentially useful pharmacological actions. In particular, the drug has antimitogenic and free radical scavenging effects that may make it a useful therapy in the long term management of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Its metabolic profile is also favourable, presumably on the basis of its alpha-blocking properties. Thus, beta 2-mediated adverse effects on peripheral vascular tone, glycaemic control and lipid status appear to be offset by the alpha-blocking property of the drug. Carvedilol thus far appears to be well tolerated, with postural dizziness the major adverse effect, especially in the elderly. As with nonselective beta-blockers, carvedilol is contraindicated in patients with asthma.
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PMID:A risk-benefit assessment of carvedilol in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. 794 2

The relationships of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) to ischemic heart disease (IHD), intermittent claudication (IC) and stroke were evaluated in 4385 men (aged 35 to 64 years in 1973) clinically free from these vascular diseases at entry and followed for 16 years. The mean of two readings measured in 1973-74 was used as the baseline BP. The cut-of for quintile 5 was systolic BP greater than 152 mmHg and diastolic BP greater than 92 mmHg. Relative risks (RR) were adjusted for main risk factors and calculated separately for systolic and diastolic BP. From 1974-90, 1120 first ischemic vascular events were documented: 792 IHD, 216 IC and 112 strokes. The incidences of each ischemic vascular disease increased, starting at quintile 4, for either systolic or diastolic BP. For systolic BP, the adjusted RR of quintile 5 compared with quintile 1 were 1.8 for IHD (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 2.2), 2.7 for IC (1.8 to 4.2) and 3.8 for stroke (2.1 to 7.0); for diastolic BP, the RR were 1.8 for IHD (1.5 to 2.3), 1.5 for IC (1.0 to 2.1) and 3.5 for stroke (2.0 to 6.4). For IHD, the RR of BP were similar for angina and myocardial infarction, and more pronounced for coronary death. In this population, elevated BP constitutes an important risk factor not only for stroke, but also for the main manifestations of IHD and IC. The impact of systolic BP was at least as significant as that of diastolic BP on these ischemic vascular events.
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PMID:Impact of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on ischemic vascular diseases in French-Canadian men from 1974 to 1990. 811 77

Myocardial lesions in subjects with CREST syndrome, may be a manifestation of focal ischemic injury resulting from functional vascular disease. We describe the case of women with angina in CREST syndrome in which only the pharmacological stress with dipyridamole was able to demonstrate signs of ischemia.
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PMID:[Diagnostic role of the pharmacologic stress with dipyridamole in reduced coronary reserve associated with CREST syndrome. Description of 2 cases]. 824 11

Selective coronary angiography to determine the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been performed in the 38 patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. significant CAD was demonstrated in 17 of 23 (73.8%) patients with angina pectoris or previous myocardial infarction, in 4/15 (26.7%) patients who had no clinical evidence of CAD. There were no early and late postoperative death in the 9 patients who underwent simultaneous coronary artery bypass graft and vascular operations or percutaneous coronary angioplasty, on the other hand, there were one early and four late death in the 11 patients who underwent only vascular procedure.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of atherosclerotic vascular diseases associated with coronary artery disease]. 830 14

Atherosclerosis is a systemic vascular disease that can produce pathologies in any organ. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of asymptomatic peripheral atherosclerosis (PA) in patients symptomatic for angina and myocardial infarction affected by coronary atherosclerosis (CAD). 315 patients (268 male and 47 female) aged between 36 and 69 years, asymptomatic for claudicatio and cerebral ischaemic disease, underwent selective coronary angiography to detect coronary stenosis > or = 50% and Echo-Color-Doppler examination of the epiaortic trunks and upper and lower limb arteries to detect peripheral stenosis > or = 30%. In the total population the incidence of PA in patients with CAD was 23% but in patients with trivascular CAD it was 32%. These data suggest that in patients with trivascular CAD it is necessary to investigate peripheral circulation as, also in asymptomatic patients, polydistrictual atherosclerosis was frequent.
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PMID:The incidence of asymptomatic extracoronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. 837 7

This study evaluates whether patients with coronary artery disease and severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction benefit from coronary artery bypass grafting. From 1981 to 1991, 118 consecutive patients with ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.25 underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting at Duke University Medical Center. Operative mortality was 11%. Ventricular arrhythmia requiring treatment was the most common postoperative complication (27%), followed by low cardiac output state (22%). Median length of postoperative hospitalization was 9 days. Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival at 1 year and 5 years was 77.2% and 57.5%, and was better than estimated survival with medical therapy alone. Survivors experienced significant improvement in angina class (p < 0.0001), congestive failure class (p < 0.0001), and follow-up ejection fraction (p < 0.005). Of 22 preoperative factors evaluated by univariate survival analysis, five were associated with significantly greater mortality: other vascular disease (p < 0.005), female sex (p < 0.005), hypertension (p < 0.005), elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p < 0.05), and depressed cardiac index (p < 0.05). Considering length of hospitalization, three factors showed significant adverse effect in a multivariate Cox model: time on cardiopulmonary bypass (p < 0.005), acute presentation (p < 0.005), and female sex (p < 0.01). These data and review of the literature suggest that patients with coronary artery disease and severely depressed ejection fraction benefit from coronary artery bypass grafting, and specific preoperative factors may help determine optimal treatment.
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PMID:Coronary artery bypass in patients with severely depressed ventricular function. 837 20

Arteries of the small intestine and colon have several anastomotic interconnections that help protect against the consequence of occlusive vascular disease. Vascular ischemic syndromes of the colon include several clinical entities, depending upon the degree and duration of the interruption of vascular flow. They include acute mesenteric artery occlusion, abdominal angina and ischemic colitis. Acute mesenteric artery occlusion is usually caused by an embolus from the heart and if the diagnosis is delayed, the mortality is quite high. Abdominal angina often precedes the acute mesenteric artery occlusion. On the other hand, ischemic colitis consists of the solitary disease entity because of its characteristic clinical and radiographic features. Recently, many cases of ischemic colitis have been reported. This article reviews the recent advances in ischemic bowel disease.
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PMID:[Ischemic bowel disease]. 841 84

Modest elevations of circulating homocyst(e)ine are common in patients with vascular disease. We explored in normal and coronary artery disease (CAD) populations the distribution of a mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene that results in enzyme thermolability and reduced activity and in homocyst(e)ine elevation to assess its relevance to risk. We identified the C to T substitution at the MTHFR locus and compared the distributions of genotypes in 565 patients aged < or = 65 years without and with angiographically documented CAD and in 225 healthy subjects. In the patients, we also assessed interrelations between genotypes and CAD occurrence and severity, as well as standard risk factors. The frequency of homozygotes for the mutation was the same in patients with and without CAD and in healthy subjects (11.6%, 11.0%, and 10.7%, respectively: P > .5 for each). There was also no excess among the 419 patients with severe disease (ie, one or more vessels with > 50% luminal obstruction) compared with those with no or mild CAD (odds ratio: 1.004; 95% confidence interval: 0.59 to 1.70). Homozygosity for the mutation was also not associated with a history of myocardial infarction or the presence or severity of angina. However, body mass index increased linearly with the presence of the mutant allele (P = .005), and the mutation and hypertension were weakly associated (P = .036). We conclude that the MTHFR genotype is not a risk factor for coronary disease in this Australian population but that the strong association found with body mass index should be explored further.
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PMID:Distribution in healthy and coronary populations of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation. 867 63


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