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Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prolonged cigarette smoking causes even more deaths from other diseases than from lung cancer. In developed countries, the absolute age-sex-specific lung cancer rates can be used to indicate the approximate proportions due to tobacco of deaths not only from lung cancer itself but also, indirectly, from vascular disease and from various other categories of disease. Even in the absence of direct information on smoking histories, therefore, national mortality from tobacco can be estimated approximately just from the disease mortality statistics that are available from all major developed countries for about 1985 (and for 1975 and so, by extrapolation, for 1995). The relation between the absolute excess of lung cancer and the proportional excess of other diseases can only be approximate, and so as not to overestimate the effects of tobacco it has been taken to be only half that suggested by a recent large prospective study of smoking and death among one million Americans. Application of such methods indicates that, in developed countries alone, annual deaths from smoking number about 0.9 million in 1965, 1.3 million in 1975, 1.7 million in 1985, and 2.1 million in 1995 (and hence about 21 million in the decade 1990-99: 5-6 million European Community, 5-6 million USA, 5 million former USSR, 3 million Eastern and other Europe, and 2 million elsewhere, [ie, Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand]). More than half these deaths will be at 35-69 years of age: during the 1990s tobacco will in developed countries cause about 30% of all deaths at 35-69 (making it the largest single cause of premature death) plus about 14% of all at older ages. Those killed at older ages are on average already almost 80 years old, however, and might have died soon anyway, but those killed by tobacco at 35-69 lose an average of about 23 years of life. At present just under 20% of all deaths in developed countries are attributed to tobacco, but this percentage is still rising, suggesting that on current smoking patterns just over 20% of those now living in developed countries will eventually be killed by tobacco (ie, about a quarter of a billion, out of a current total population of just under one and a quarter billion).
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PMID:Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics. 135 22

Thirty cases examined by three dimensions CT scanner (3DCT) were reported. The observation of inner view using 3DCT were performed in 12 large vessels with vascular disorder, 10 pulmonary bronchus with lung cancer and 8 common bile ducts involved obstructive disease. In order to visualize interface of the lumen, a new software which was devekioed by HITACHI MEDICO Inc. and us was brought in. In all cases but one the inner view of the luminal organ was clearly demonstrated as 3D images and it was possible to judge some changes of luminal interface involved by the diseases. The 3DCT endoscopic image might be useful as a new endoscopic technique without fiberscopy.
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PMID:[Endoscopic visualization of luminal organ and great vessels with three dimensional CT scanner. A new trial using volumetric CT]. 140 91

There is accumulating evidence that free radicals may contribute to various diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. Possible health hazards can to some extent be prevented by the body's multilevel defense system against free radicals, which comprises, besides others, antioxidant vitamins. The 12-year mortality follow-up of 2,974 participants of the Basal Study allowed to test the hypothesis that low antioxidant vitamin plasma concentrations (vitamin A, C, E and carotene) were associated with increased death from cancer of various sites and death from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, respectively. For the analysis 204 cancer cases, 132 fatalities from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 31 deaths from cerebral vascular disease were available. Cancer mortality. Overall mortality from cancer was associated with low mean plasma levels of carotene adjusted for cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and of vitamin C (p less than 0.01). Bronchus and stomach cancers were associated with a low mean plasma carotene level (p less than 0.01). Subjects with subsequent stomach cancer had also lower mean vitamin C and lipid-adjusted vitamin A levels than survivors (p less than 0.05). Calculating the relative risk with exclusion of mortality during the first two years of follow-up, low plasma carotene was associated with an increased risk for bronchus cancer (RR 1.8, p less than 0.05), and the small number of stomach cancer cases (RR 2.95, p less than 0.05) low plasma levels of carotene and vitamin A with all cancer types (RR 2.47, p less than 0.01), and low plasma retinol in older subjects (greater than 60 years) with lung cancer (RR 2.17, p less than 0.05). Studies in other cohorts with a poor vitamin E status revealed an increased risk of subsequent cancer at low vitamin E levels as well. It is concluded that low plasma levels of all major essential antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer mortality. Cardio-vascular mortality. Plasma carotene concentration below quartile 1 was associated with an increased risk for IHD (RR 1.53, p = 0.02). The same was true for low levels of both carotene and vitamin C (RR = 1.96, p = 0.022). The risk of cerebrovascular death was elevated in subjects with low carotene in the presence of low vitamin C plasma concentration (RR 4.17, p less than 0.01). These data confirm and extend recent findings on an inverse correlation of beta-carotene and vitamin C respectively to CVD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Inverse correlation between essential antioxidants in plasma and subsequent risk to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke respectively: 12-year follow-up of the Prospective Basel Study. 145 Jun

The authors recently experienced a case of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) that exhibited skin ulcers due to increased heparin precipitable fraction (HPF) in plasma. This case prompted us to investigate the occurrence and significance of HPF in interstitial pneumonia (IP). The subjects included patients with IIP (acute exacerbation 6 cases, chronic active stage 12 cases), IP associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD) (9 cases) and granulomatous lung diseases (7 cases). The data indicated that all of the cases with acute exacerbation of IIP exhibited increased plasma HPF values (218-951 mg/dl) compared to those of normal controls (less than 180 mg/dl). In contrast, the values ranged within normal limits in all of the cases with IP associated with CVD. In a companion study, we measured plasma HPF values in patients with lung cancer, bacterial pneumonia and diffuse panbronchiolitis. It was found that 22% of the subjects showed increased plasma HPF values. We also investigated whether there were correlations between plasma HPF and various inflammatory parameters. The data revealed that there were correlations between HPF and ESR, CRP, alpha 1-globulin, alpha 2-globulin, complement (C3) or fibrinogen. However, there was no correlation between HPF and fibronection. These results suggest that plasma HPF is valuable to evaluate the acute exacerbation of IIP, although the elevation of plasma HPF levels is not specific.
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PMID:[The significance of the heparin precipitable fraction in lung diseases]. 172 60

Numerous studies have documented the effects of smoking and reduced pulmonary function on all-cause mortality. The effects of respiratory symptoms are less well studied. This paper examines the joint effects of respiratory symptoms, lung function, and smoking using 11-year mortality data on 698 subjects aged 25 years and older. Copies of death certificates were obtained for all 120 confirmed deaths, and cause of death was coded by a nosologist using the rules of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Symptoms of cough/phlegm, wheeze, and dyspnea were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in separate univariate analyses. On a cause-specific basis, these associations appeared to hold for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and vascular disease. Further analysis indicated that, for both smokers and nonsmokers, the presence of chronic cough and/or sputum production was related to mortality only in the presence of wheezing. In addition, among smokers, the presence of both cough/phlegm and wheeze. In addition, among smokers, the presence of both cough/phlegm and wheeze was significantly associated with mortality only among subjects with low initial lung function. Although the limited number of deaths and the nonrandom nature of the cohort limit the generalizability of our findings, it seems clear, based on these results and other published studies, that symptoms of cough, phlegm, and/or wheeze have important adverse health implications even in the absence of smoking and reduced lung function. More studies using common methodological approaches are needed.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms, lung function, and mortality in a screening center cohort. 272 54

Millions of people continue to smoke. Recent studies confirm the pioneering epidemiologic data that indicated that, despite the well-established effects on the lung, most of the hundreds of thousands of premature deaths annually result from extrapulmonary toxicity, particularly accelerated cardiac and vascular disease. As with lung cancer, abstention significantly reduces the risk, even after myocardial infarction or surgery for complications of vascular disease. Erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis, by increasing blood viscosity, aggravate ischemia. The neutrophils of smokers release excessive amounts of oxidants which damage tissue and antiproteases. Increased alveolar permeability enhances allergy. Lymphocytic suppressor cells increase, which leads to immunocompetence, increased infection, and cancer. Smokers lose weight and die at an earlier age, even after cancer chemotherapy and peptic ulcer surgery. Smoking prevents inhibition of gastric night acid secretion by histamine-blocking agents. Menopause occurs earlier and children are damaged in utero and after birth by passive smoking. Recent evidence indicates that nicotine releases endorphins, which account for the addiction. Surgeons need to do more to combat this menace. Many victims need professional assistance to stop the habit.
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PMID:Presidential address. Systemic effects of smoking. 650 40

The present status of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) was evaluated from data collected as part of the Financial Support Program for patients with IIP, conducted in Hokkaido since 1979. The prevalence of IIP in 1992 was 4.08/100,000, and the yearly incidence was 1.23/100,000. The ratio of men to women was 1.85/1.0. Under age 55, women were more numerous than men, and over age 55, men were more numerous than women. Clinical and epidemiological analyses of the patients with IIP, with collagen vascular disease-interstitial pneumonia suggested possible contribution of dust inhalation to the etiology IIP. A prospective study revealed that about 20% of the subjects had systemic signs and symptoms of collagen diseases from 2 months to 10 years after the diagnosis of IIP. In addition, about 15% of the subjects with IIP developed lung cancer during the follow-up period. This incidence was significantly higher than that in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and the same smoking history, which suggests that IIP itself is a risk factor for lung cancer.
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PMID:[Present status of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia--from epidemiology to etiology]. 760 30

Corticosteroids used orally and intravenously lead to lung diseases and vascular disorder. To investigate whether enolase levels are also changed by treatment with synthetic steroid dexamethasone (as alteration in the enolase levels have been correlated with lung cancer) we performed the following studies. A cDNA library was prepared from poly(A) mRNA extracted from human lung fibroblast cells. cDNA clone HLE1 containing 1.7 kb insert coding for enolase was isolated. Its identity was confirmed by (a) translation of the hybrid selected mRNA and (b) nucleotide sequence analysis of the insert and comparison with known enolase sequences from other species. The lung enolase is coded by a polypeptide of 458 amino acid residues (mr = 49.5 kD). Nucleotide sequencing and derived amino acid sequence data suggest that the cloned enolase is non-neuronal isoform of enolase (NNE). In lung fibroblast cells, dexamethasone caused remarkable increase in the abundance of the enolase mRNA, which was concentration and time dependent. The induction by dexamethasone required de novo RNA synthesis but not de novo protein synthesis.
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PMID:Human lung enolase: cloning and sequencing of cDNA and its inducibility with dexamethasone. 768 84

Inhalative cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic disease as well as primary carcinoma of the lung. On that account, this study was performed to determine the prevalence of primary lung cancer on admission in patients scheduled for vascular surgery. All patients presenting to our department for an intervention are screened for lung diseases. If this pretherapeutic examination suggests the existence of a lung tumor further diagnostic procedures are performed. Making use of a prospective computer-assisted patient-documentation system, we analysed incidental findings of lung cancer in those patients admitted for elective surgery. Between Jan. 1st 1990 and October 31st 1994, we electively treated 2214 patients with the diagnosis of vascular stenosis (n = 1711/77.3%) or atherosclerotic aneurysms (n = 503/22.7%) in our department. In 16 of these patients (m:f = 13:3; age 50-72 [mean: 61.1] years) a carcinoma of the lung was detected during preoperative diagnostic procedures, a prevalence of 0.72%. All these patients were smokers, with a daily inhalative nicotine consumption averaging 25 cigarettes per day for a mean of 35 years. 8 patients underwent a surgical (n = 6) or other invasive (n = 2) vascular interventions. In 8 patients no vascular intervention was performed because of the revealed lung carcinoma. The prevalence of lung cancer in a population of vascular patients in the present study is in accord with data of older investigations of high-risk groups. Only 2 out of 16 lung cancers were detected at a prognostically favourable stage. Smokers with symptoms of vascular disease should be carefully examined for signs of lung cancer.
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PMID:The prevalence of lung cancer in vascular surgery patients. 902 8

We investigated interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (IP-CVD) in association with lung cancer. Seventy-three cases of IP-CVD were included in this study. Nine (12%) of the 73 cases were associated with lung cancer, one of which had double lung cancers. The histological types of the cancers were adenocarcinoma (5 cases), epidermoid carcinoma (2 cases), small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (one case each). The lesions were located in the central or peripheral lung in 3 and 7 of the ten cancers, respectively. Of the seven cases diagnosed as having IP-CVD followed by lung cancer, five had stage I disease, and one each of the remaining two cases was in stage IIIA and stage IV. Six of the seven peripheral cancer lesions which were resected or autopsied could be analyzed with regard to the topographical relationship between the primary site and fibrotic lesions. Only three cancers were encased by or in close proximity to, honeycomb lung, although most of the lung cancers arose in relation to fibrotic lesions. Moreover, the acute exacerbation of IP-CVD after operation or chemotherapy without thoracic irradiation should be monitored carefully.
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PMID:[Clinico-pathological analysis of interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease in patients with lung cancer]. 956 76


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