Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042373 (vascular disease)
 17,070 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 83-day-old male infant had convulsions, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and lactic acidosis. Cranial computed tomography revealed low-density areas in both parieto-occipital lobes and in the left temporal lobe. Muscle biopsy did not reveal ragged-red fibers, but abnormal mitochondria were found in the capillary endothelial cells as well as in the muscle fibers. At 5 months of age, the patient developed purpura on the soles and palms. Skin biopsy showed degeneration of the endothelial cells with abnormal mitochondria in the arterioles and capillaries. Myelinated nerves in the skin had vacuolated axons with swollen mitochondria, and their myelin sheaths showed vacuolation. At 9 months of age, he died of heart failure, and autopsy revealed abnormal mitochondria in the myocardium but not in the coronary vessels. Our findings indicate that the symptoms of the mitochondrial encephalopathy, myopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndrome cannot be fully explained by the mitochondrial angiopathy alone.
 ...
PMID:MELAS of infantile onset: mitochondrial angiopathy or cytopathy? 186 30

A 32 year-old diabetic woman presented with an acute coma followed by epileptic seizures, aphasia and constructive apraxia. No ischemic lesion was demonstrated by CT scan and carotid angiograms. The other investigations showed sensorineural hearing loss, retinal degeneration, calcifications of the basal ganglia and lactic acidosis. The follow-up was marked by pseudo-dementia with personality disorders, memory deficits, behavioural changes, migrainous and epileptic features. Although there was no sign of muscular deficiency, a muscular biopsy showed characteristic ragged-red fibers and mitochondrial abnormalities at electron microscopy. The muscular biopsy enables us to classify this case as a mitochondrial encephalopathy similar to the MELAS syndrome. The stroke-like episodes are probably caused by a specific angiopathy involving the mitochondria of brain vessels.
 ...
PMID:[Mitochondrial encephalopathy affecting only the central nervous system]. 196 61

Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia in the elderly after the dementia of Alzheimer's disease. Six forms of vascular dementia have been described: multi-infarct dementia, lacunar dementia, Binswanger's subcortical encephalopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, white-matter lesions associated with dementias, and single-infarct dementia. Each is described. Severe dementia is found in 5% of persons over age 65 and in 15% to 20% of persons over age 80 years. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 50% to 60% of cases of severe dementia and vascular dementia for 10% to 20%; 20% of the patients have both disorders. The incidence of vascular dementia, which seems to be declining, is about 7/1,000 persons/year. Hypertension is the most powerful risk factor for all vascular dementias. Vascular dementias can be accurately diagnosed by using clinical and mental state examinations, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, ischemic scores, and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The most successful treatment of vascular dementia is the prevention of cerebral infarcts. Study of the incidence of vascular dementias and their treatment will be included in the European Trial on Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly (SYST-EUR) of 3,000 elderly hypertensive patients.
 ...
PMID:Hypertension and the risk of dementia in the elderly. 200 54

Arteriolosclerotic leucoencephalopathy in the elderly (ALE) is characterized by white matter lesions associated with atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis. Mild lesions are focal and probably represent early status cribosus or incomplete lacunar infarcts. Moderate and severe lesions are diffuse areas of demyelination in the centrum semiovale in which lacunar infarcts are seldom observed. The incidence of ALE in a consecutive necropsy series of 50 cases (mean age 62.6 +/- 13.1 years) was 52%, it was rare in the fourth and fifth decades but increased thereafter to reach a prevalence of 100% at the age of 80 years. Mild lesions occurred in 19 patients and lesions were moderate or severe in 7 (14%). The mean age was higher in this group (74.7 +/- 7.6 years) than in patients with white matter changes as a whole. Dementia occurred only in 3 patients with moderate or severe ALE. These data suggest that (a) ALE is common in old age and is probably the cause of leuko-araiosis in most CT scans in the elderly; (b) ALE may be asymptomatic; (c) the severity of white matter changes may be not related to the severity of neurological deficits; and (d) multiple lacunar infarcts or associated degenerative diseases (i.e., Alzheimer's disease) may be the main cause of dementia in patients with ALE. White matter lesions in ALE, Binswanger's disease, transition areas in multi-infarct encephalopathy (MIE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are similar in morphology and are probably the result of a subacute hypoperfusion/hypoxic process. Increased arterial blood pressure is a frequent risk factor in ALE, Binswanger's disease and MIE, whereas congophilic angiopathy of the meningeal and cortical vessels, in addition to mild or moderate arteriolar hyalinosis in the white matter, may play a role in the pathogenesis of incomplete infarctation of the white matter in patients with AD.
 ...
PMID:Arteriolosclerotic leucoencephalopathy in the elderly and its relation to white matter lesions in Binswanger's disease, multi-infarct encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease. 223 Aug 30

The clinical history and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are presented of 7 patients with hereditary cerebral haemorrhage with amyloidosis--Dutch type (HCHWA-D). The diagnosis was based on clinical and genealogical data, was confirmed in 3 patients at autopsy and in 2 others by biopsy. Focal neurological signs, and at least some degree of global cognitive deterioration, were observed in all patients, with unequivocal dementia in 4. MRI showed haemorrhages and areas of gliosis and, to a variable extent, hyperintensity of the white matter in T2-weighted images. Neuropathological examination revealed a large recent haemorrhage together with residual lesions from previous haemorrhages or infarcts in all patients examined. The white matter lesions, present on MRI, turned out to be areas of 'incomplete infarction' with demyelination. It is concluded that (hereditary) amyloid angiopathy can lead to strokes, but also to subcortical ischaemic encephalopathy. Amyloid angiopathy should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of white matter lesions, found on CT or MRI, especially when patients present with a cerebral haemorrhage. The relationship between HCHWA-D and Alzheimer's disease, another disease with cerebral amyloid deposition and diffuse white matter involvement, is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Hereditary cerebral haemorrhage with amyloidosis--Dutch type. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in 7 cases. 224 95

Of 1721 consecutive autopsies performed on patients over 60 years of age in Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 550 (32% of all autopsied cases) revealed symptomatic cerebrovascular lesions. Among the 550 patients, intracranial hemorrhage was found in 19%, cerebral infarction in 75%, and coexisting cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in 6%. Twenty-eight percent of the cerebral infarctions were embolic infarctions of cardiac origin, half of which were caused by nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and 69% were non-embolic infarctions of cardiac origin. Progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy accounted for 15% of the cerebral infarctions. Two-thirds of all lobar cerebral hemorrhages were amyloid angiopathy-related. Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is the most important cardiac source of embolic stroke. Progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy is one of the characteristic features of ischemic lesions, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy is an important cause of lobar cerebral hemorrhage in the aged.
 ...
PMID:Subtypes and proportions of cerebrovascular disease in an autopsy series in a Japanese geriatric hospital. 228 May 80

Six patients with mucinous cancer (2 colonic, 2 pancreatic, and 2 pulmonary origin) had necropsy evidence of thrombosis of large and small systemic, extracranial, and intracranial arteries and veins, and multiple cerebral infarcts and small hemorrhages. On microscopic examination, we found small infarcts and hemorrhages within the brain and mucin within vessels, macrophages, and in areas of infarction. The clinical picture included strokes and encephalopathy. Mucin-producing cancers can be associated with a coagulopathy that causes extensive occlusive vascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Cerebrovascular complications of mucinous cancers. 253 78

Computed tomography is often insensitive to such lesions as atrophic demyelination, enlarged perivascular spaces and infarction in the periventricular white matter. In attempt to better understand the discrepancy between the pathologic and X-CT findings, the author correlated areas that had focal, patchy on X-CT and brains with gross and microscopic findings. Patients with cerebral strokes had larger volume infarcts characterized centrally by necrosis, axonal loss, and demyelination. The progressive subcortical vascular encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease) is characterized by ischemic demyelinization of white matter provoked by hypertensive vascular changes in small vessels and is usually accompanied by multiple lacunar infarcts in a periventricular area and the basal ganglia. Small, deep hemispheric infarcts may be of no clinical significance unless a sufficient aggregate of these occurs. It should be pointed out that many small infarcts are clinically silent, and chronic multifocal ischemia may be responsible for observed senescent changes in cerebral tissue. The extension of the infarcted area might be most important in the development of cerebrovascular dementia. Mixed forms of degenerative dementia and any type of cerebral vascular disease are common and account for 10-20% of all dementias.
 ...
PMID:[Cerebrovascular dementia; correlation of computed and histopathologic findings]. 260 Oct 93

The neurological spectrum of Borrelia burgdorferi infections is still enlarging. We review epidemiological, pathological and serological data of Lyme disease. The course of the disease is divided in three stages: stage 1 during the first month is characterised by erythema chronicum migrans and associated manifestations; stage 2 includes not only the classical European meningoradiculitis but also less specific neurological symptoms: isolated lymphocytic meningitis with an acute or even relapsing course, apparently idiopathic facial palsy, neuritis of other cranial nerves, polyneuritis cranialis, Argyll-Robertson sign, peripheral nerve involvement, acute transverse myelitis, severe encephalitis, myositis. During stage 3, three to five months or longer after the onset of the disease, chronic arthritis, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and various neurological symptoms can be observed: chronic neuropathy with mainly sensory or motor signs, recurrent strokes due to cerebral angiopathy and progressive encephalomyelitis; this third stage the central nervous system involvement is characterised by slowly progressive or fluctuating course during months or years, ataxic or spastic gait disorder, bladder disturbances, cranial nerve dysfunction including optic atrophy and hypoacusia, dysarthria, focal and diffuse encephalopathy. This chronic central nervous system disease can mimic multiple sclerosis, anorexia nervosa, psychic disorders or subacute presenile dementia. It is often associated with pleiocytosis, abnormal EEG and evoked potentials, sometimes multifocal and mainly periventricular white matter lesions visualised by CT or MRI, and as a rule high antibody titers against Borrelia burgdorferi. High doses of penicillin can halt the disease, sometimes induce spectacular regression of symptoms or sometimes be inefficient; ceftriaxone could be a more powerful therapy. Similarities between syphilis and Borreliosis are multiple: both of these spirochetes contain plasmids, can be transmitted through the placenta and progress for many years through successive stages, with multiorgan symptoms, including parenchymatous and vascular lesions of the central nervous system. Borrelia burgdorferi is the new great imitator.
 ...
PMID:[Multiple neurologic manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi infection]. 307 Jun 90

Six alcoholic patients developed extensive cerebral hemispheric hemorrhages with both intraventricular and subarachnoid blood. All patients had evidence of liver damage, low platelet counts, and abnormal prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times. Four patients presented with seizures; in two of the four, these seizures were initially diagnosed as alcohol withdrawal seizures. Four patients were comatose with lateralizing neurologic deficit; two patients were comatose without lateralizing neurologic deficit, suggesting a metabolic encephalopathy. In one patient there was delayed neurologic deterioration. In all six patients, computed tomography showed large diffuse cerebral hemispheric hemorrhages, prominent intraventricular blood, and breakthrough into the subarachnoid spaces, which was confirmed by necropsy findings. There was marked mass effect but minimal surrounding edema. All six patients died. In three, autopsy showed no evidence of aneurysm, vascular malformation, neoplasm, or amyloid angiopathy and no arteriolar hypertensive changes.
 ...
PMID:Alcoholic intracerebral hemorrhage. 320 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>