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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The skin is very often the target organ of allergic reactions. This may be explained by many immunological competent cells in this organ such as the Langerhans cell, mast cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. This is especially true for the antigen-presenting Langerhans cell. Therefore in many cases, the skin is a signalling organ for allergic reactions. Examples include food allergy which precipitates with signs and symptoms of skin diseases in about 45% and drug allergy to beta-lactam-antibiotics in about 90%. Also the skin serves as a test organ in allergic diseases of other organs such as rhinitis allergica or asthma. Examples include Reibtest, prick-, intracutaneous-, scratch- and patch test. Therefore it is no surprise, that allergic diseases of the skin are the most often diagnosed skin diseases such as urticaria, angioedema, vasculitis, contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. At these diseases, their diagnose and therapy and especially the promising progress in research with regard to these diseases which has been obtained during the last years will be focussed in this review.
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PMID:Allergy, skin and environment. 1050 20

Itching is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis, and a vicious itch-scratch circle is easily established. Itching and scratching are important factors in the maintenance of symptoms and can have a significant impact on the sufferer's quality of life. The pathophysiology of itch in atopic dermatitis is still not understood. Unlike in urticaria, histamine is not considered to be a major pruritogen in atopic dermatitis. In fact, the peripheral pruritogens and their cellular origin(s) still remain to be identified in this disease. Various treatments are used to relieve the skin inflammation, itching, and scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis, but no specific antipruritic therapy is available. However, several nonspecific therapies can effectively break the vicious itch-scratch circle. The use of topical corticosteroids and emollients and the elimination of individual trigger factors are still first-line measures.
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PMID:Itch and atopic dermatitis: an overview. 1063 21

We report a rare case of contact urticaria due to polyethylene gloves. The patient, a 46-year-old cook, had had had chronic urticaria since 1985, and first visited our hospital in June 2000. We began by prescribing antihistamine and antiallergenic drugs for him, but his condition did not improve. From a detailed interview, we established that when he put on polyethylene gloves at work, his condition worsened. We suspected some component of his gloves to be the cause of his symptoms. Prick and scratch tests with a solution extracted from his gloves showed a wheal-and-flare reaction at 15 min. We advised him to wear a cotton shirt under his clothes in daily life, and to put on cotton gloves under his polyethylene gloves while at work. Subsequently, the size and the number of wheals were markedly smaller and the subject's symptoms were reduced.
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PMID:Contact urticaria due to polyethylene gloves. 1208 78

Allergy to human seminal fluid is a rare but potentially life-threatening disorder. Acute symptoms range from local reactions to generalized symptoms. A 30-year-old woman experienced vulvovaginal itching, erythema and swelling as well as generalized urticaria and angioedema of the neck and face after unprotected sexual intercourse. A scratch test with undiluted seminal fluid and the detection of specific IgE antibodies revealed a type I allergy to seminal fluid. Risk factors and therapeutic options are discussed.
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PMID:[Type I sensitization to seminal fluid. Urticaria and angioedema]. 1474 70

The subject was a 34-year-old female with asthma and atopic dermatitis who had previously undergone a Cesarean section. In December 1995, the patient had an acute abdominal pain, so she underwent a barium enema examination. During the procedure, severe anaphylactic shock developed, and the examination was stopped. The patient responded well to appropriate emergency therapy, and her symptoms were resolved. However, the woman visited our outpatient clinic because the symptoms of her atopic dermatitis got worse. She indicated that she felt itchy when using rubber gloves. Also, at the age of thirty, she had urticaria and dyspnea after drinking a glass of fruit juice. Subsequently radioallergosorbent testing demonstrated the presence of specific IgEs against latex, banana, kiwi, grapefruit, and avocado. Skin prick tests were positive for banana, grapefruit, avocado, and latex extract at a dilution of 1:1000. A scratch test was positive to an extract of a balloon catheter which included 0.3 microg/g latex proteins by the LEAP method. In conclusion, the patient was diagnosed with an anaphylaxis to the latex contained in a balloon catheter used for the barium enema.
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PMID:[A case of the latex-induced anaphylaxis by contact with barium enema catheter]. 1476 30

Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, can induce some hypersensitive reactions with clinical symptoms such as urticaria, angioedema, acute bronchospasm, and rarely anaphylactic shock. At present, detection of aspirin allergy is still rather difficult and requires an adequate clinical history and sensitive in vivo and in vitro tests. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of cellular antigen stimulation test (CAST) in the detection of allergic reaction mediated by aspirin. Fifty patients (39 women and 11 men) with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to aspirin were included in the study. Positive scratch test to aspirin was found in 72% (36/50) and positive CAST in 58% (29/50) of patients. Both skin scratch test and CAST positive results were recorded in 48% (24/50%) and negative results in 20% (9/45) of patients. The level of agreement between skin scratch test and CAST was fair with Cohen's kappa of 0.269 (0.95% CI 0.004-0.533). The observed between-test agreement was 66%. It is concluded that CAST-ELISA might be of value as an additional test for the detection of aspirin nonallergic hypersensitivity in suspected individuals.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of cellular antigen stimulation test in detection of aspirin allergy. 1632 21

Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide with about 10(5)-10(6) molecular weight existing in cell walls of zygomycetes. Chitosan decreases serum neutral fat and cholesterol levels and has dietary fiber action, and many products have recently been sold as health foods. Here, we report a case of immediate-type allergy for chitosan-containing health food with a review of the literature. The patient was a 47-year-old female person who developed systemic urticaria and difficulty in breathing after oral ingestion of chitosan. Since skin tests (prick test and scratch patch test) were positive, the test was done using another commercial chitosan, and was positive. The patient was diagnosed as having chitosan-induced immediately-type allergy, and was instructed to avoid ingestion of chitosan. The patient has developed no symptom thereafter. Regarding allergic reactions to chitin and chitosan, contact dermatitis induced by chitosan-containing cream has been reported from France and Portugal, but to our knowledge, there has been no report of immediate-type allergic reactions. Chitosan is a polysaccharide, not protein, but may have functioned as a food allergen because of its molecular weight and general properties.
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PMID:[A case of anaphylaxis caused by the health food chitosan]. 1640 81

Pruritus, or itch, is a common sensation that causes a person to want to scratch. It is a complex process that may negatively impact quality of life and commonly occurs with skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and urticaria. It could also be a symptom related to an underlying disease process such as cholestasis or hyperthyroidism, or simply be caused by dry skin, especially in the cold, winter months. Therapy is often aimed at eliminating the underlying cause first, followed by the management of the itchy sensation. Treatment may include prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications, herbal remedies, hydrotherapy, phototherapy, and ultraviolet therapy. This overview provides information regarding the various management and treatment options for pruritus.
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PMID:Management and treatment of pruritus. 1736 13

We herein describe a 33-year-old female who recurrently exhibited urticaria accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea and dyspnea after taking red-colored food. From her history, we suspected the cochineal dye, the commonly used natural red dye in red-colored food and beverage, to be the cause of her symptoms. Oral provocation test using cochineal dye-stained red-colored boiled-fish-paste induced urticaria and respiratory symptoms. Furthermore the prick tests and the scratch tests with cochineal dye and carminic acid, the major ingredient of cochineal dye, were also positive. These results indicate that type 1 allergy to cochineal dye caused urticaria in this patient. Thereafter, she avoided the foods containing a cochineal dye and showed a complete clinical remission. Recently, the number of literatures described about increased incidence of type 1 allergy to cochineal dye. As the usage of cochineal dye is increasing in the Japanese market, we should keep in mind that cochineal dye can be a cause of urticaria in daily practice.
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PMID:[Case of urticaria due to cochineal dye in red-colored diet]. 1819 55

Protein contact dermatitis is an allergic skin reaction induced principally by proteins of either animal or plant origin. The clinical presentation is that of a chronic dermatitis, and it is often difficult to differentiate between allergic contact dermatitis and other eczematous dermatoses. One distinguishing clinical feature is that acute flares of pruritus, urticaria, edema, or vesiculation are noted minutes after contact with the causative substances. Additionally, the patch-test result is typically negative, and the scratch- or prick-test result is positive. The pathogenesis of protein contact dermatitis is unclear but may involve a type I (immunoglobulin E [IgE], immediate) hypersensitivity reaction, type IV (cell-mediated delayed) hypersensitivity reaction, and/or a delayed reaction due to IgE-bearing Langerhans' cells. Management involves avoidance of the allergen.
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PMID:Protein contact dermatitis: allergens, pathogenesis, and management. 1884 14


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