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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antihistaminic drugs are widely prescribed across a multitude of medical specialties such as Allergy and Dermatology. The potentially serious sedative effect of these valuable agents has previously restricted their full use and the choice of drug has been dictated more by individual patient acceptability than by any laboratory demonstrations of comparative efficacy. Unsurprisingly therefore, there is a trend towards prescribing those newer preparations which leave the central nervous system unclouded. We have studied the most frequently prescribed non-sedating antihistamine preparations, terfenadine (Triludan, Triludan Forte), cetirizine (Zirtek) and loratadine (Clarityn) in pharmacodynamic and relative efficacy trials using a quantifiable and reproducible extension of the classic Lewis model. The results indicate that two preparations, terfenadine 120 mg (Triludan Forte) and cetirizine 10 mg (Zirtek) are superior to their immediate rivals in degree of efficacy and/or speed of action. These results should assist clinicians in the positioning of effective, rapidly acting antihistamines for the symptomatic treatment of immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria and rhinitis.
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PMID:Comparative inhibition profiles of three non-sedating antihistamines assessed by an extended Lewis model. 135 66

The efficacy and safety of a new non-sedating antihistamine, loratadine (Clarityn, CAS 79794-75-5) 10 mg q.d., was compared to the classical antihistamine, hydroxyzine 25 mg t.i.d. and placebo in a 4-week (optional 12 week) randomized, double-blind, multi-center study in 203 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Efficacy evaluations included weekly physician and patient assessments of pruritus, overall disease condition, and therapeutic response to treatment. Loratadine and hydroxyzine were significantly more effective than placebo and clinically comparable to each other as measured by all efficacy evaluations at each visit. Loratadine was safe and well tolerated with sedation and dry mouth similar to placebo and significantly less than hydroxyzine.
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PMID:Relative efficacy and safety of loratadine, hydroxyzine, and placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria. 144 78

Within the framework of a field study, Loratidine (Lisino) was administered to a total of 5,806 patients suffering from pruritic dermatological disorders, i.e. urticaria, neurodermatitis and eczema. As a guideline for the duration of the treatment, a period of three weeks was selected; however, many patients showed a response in a shorter time. The standard dose of loratidine was one 10-mg tablet a day. At the end of the treatment period, 69.6% the urticaria patients were free from pruritus, and 77.6% were free from wheals. In the case of the eczema patients, 47.6% were pruritus-free, while the remaining patients all showed some improvement. In the majority of cases pruritus decreased appreciably after only one hour, but at the latest on the first day of treatment. Treatment with loratidine was tolerated without side effects by 5,593 patients (96.3%).
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PMID:[Treatment of pruritic skin diseases with loratadine. Results of an open multicenter study]. 182 71

Loratadine is a new selective peripheral histamine H1-receptor antagonist, that is orally effective, long-acting, and devoid of significant central and autonomic nervous system activity. Its safety and efficacy were evaluated in a 28-day study conducted in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (loratadine, 10 mg OD; terfenadine, 60 mg BID; or placebo). Evaluation of efficacy included weekly assessments of the individual disease signs and symptoms, the overall disease condition, and therapeutic response to treatment. Throughout the 28-day treatment period progressive improvement was observed in the loratadine and terfenadine treatment groups; however, at each evaluation, loratadine was significantly more effective than placebo (P less than .01) and clinically more effective than terfenadine in reducing disease signs and symptoms. Terfenadine was significantly more effective than placebo at day 7 and endpoint (last valid visit). The overall therapeutic response at the endpoint of treatment was rated as marked or complete relief of symptoms in 64%, 52%, and 25% of the patients in the loratadine, terfenadine, and placebo treatment groups, respectively. Loratadine was well tolerated and comparable to terfenadine and placebo in incidence of adverse experiences. Sedation was reported in one patient each in the terfenadine and placebo treatment groups and an anticholinergic side effect (dry mouth) in one terfenadine-treated patient. No sedative or anticholinergic side effects were observed in patients receiving loratadine. We concluded that loratadine, 10 mg, once daily is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic relief of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
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PMID:Comparative effects of loratadine and terfenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. 196 19

Loratadine is an addition to the class of nonsedating antihistamines which includes terfenadine, astemizole, and acrivastine. Loratadine is chemically related to the tricyclic antidepressants. Animal data have shown that insignificant amounts of loratadine enter the brain, and it has a threefold greater affinity for peripheral as compared with central histamine 1-receptors. Loratadine has one main metabolite, descarbethoxyloratadine, which is four times more active than the parent drug. Loratadine reaches peak plasma concentration in 1-2 hours; the metabolite does so in 3-4 hours. Their respective elimination half-lives are about 10 and 20 hours. Onset of action is within 1 hour and duration is at least 24 hours. Once-daily dosing is recommended. Generally, loratadine is as efficacious as existing antihistamines in relieving symptoms of allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and in suppressing wheal formation. Reports of sedation and other adverse reactions are no more frequent than found with placebo. Tachyphylaxis has not been noted in humans, and there is minimal potential for drug interactions based on animal data. Loratadine and terfenadine have comparable therapeutic applications. Both have shown minimal adverse effects, but loratadine has a quicker onset and longer duration of action. These two agents are useful for acute allergic reactions. In contrast, astemizole has an onset of action of several days and is most useful for prophylactic treatment of seasonal allergies.
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PMID:Loratadine: a nonsedating antihistamine with once-daily dosing. 252 47

Urticaria is a rather common, often vexing skin disease, characterized by evanescent, pruritic, erythematous wheals, and sometimes by giant hives (angioedema). The cause of chronic urticaria remains unknown in 75 to 80 percent of the cases. Its pathogenesis is related to the activation of tissue mast cells by many immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms, resulting in a release of biologically active products. The therapeutic possibilities in practice are discussed. Non-sedative antihistaminic drugs of the H1 type (Terfenadine, Astemizole, Loratidine and Cetirizine) are the main stay in the treatment of urticaria. In case of failure the sedative non-selective antihistaminics from the old generation are used. Particular emphasis is given the possibilities to combining various antiallergic drugs. The combination of a H1 and H1 antihistamine can be effective in individual patients.
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PMID:[Therapy of acute and chronic urticaria and of Quincke's edema]. 256 13

Loratadine is a long-acting antihistamine agent, exhibiting partial selectivity for peripheral histamine H1-receptors. To date, loratadine has been evaluated in allergic rhinitis, urticaria and, to a limited extent, in asthma. In several large controlled comparative clinical studies, loratadine was superior to placebo, faster acting than astemizole and as effective as azatadine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine (chlorphenamine), clemastine, hydroxyzine, mequitazine and terfenadine in patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. The clinical effectiveness of loratadine in asthma is at present unclear. Loratadine is well tolerated. At dosages of 10 mg daily, commonly reported adverse events were somnolence, fatigue and headache. Sedation occurred less frequently with loratadine than with azatadine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine and mequitazine. Serious ventricular arrhythmias, as reported with some other second generation histamine H1-receptor antagonists, have not been observed with loratadine to date. Thus, loratadine, with its attributes of once daily administration, fast onset of action and essentially nonsedating properties, would appear to be an appropriate first-line agent for the treatment of allergic rhinitis or urticaria.
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PMID:Loratadine. A reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in allergic disorders. 752 33

Loratadine is a new, highly selective, non sedating, H 1-receptor antagonist, without central nervous system activity. In a randomized double-blind, crossover study, we evaluated the effects of loratadine and placebo administered once daily in 184 food intolerant patients affected by urticaria-angioedema. The difference between loratadine and placebo treatment was significant in relieving symptoms. Adverse reactions reported in the treatment were mild, in fact somnolence was reported by 3.4%, dry mouth by 2.2% of patients.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of loratadine vs. placebo in the treatment of urticaria-angioedema syndrome in patients with food allergy]. 835 46

Urticaria is a common skin disease, which in its chronic form, is a very disturbing condition. Because histamine is the best-documented chemical mediator of urticaria, histamine-antagonists are the mainstay of therapy. First-generation antihistamines are limited by their tendency to produce sedation and anticholinergic side effects. Most of the newer second generation antihistamines compare well with the earlier agents in efficacy but are not limited by the same adverse side effects. Loratadine may be distinguished from other second-generation antihistamines by its pharmacodynamic profile, as well as its tolerability and safety.
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PMID:Loratadine in the treatment of urticaria. 915 63

Loratadine is a long-acting antihistamine indicated for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria in patients 6 years of age and older. The literature contains little information on high-dose loratadine exposures; as a consequence, poison centers are unsure of the loratadine dose that can be managed with observation and the dose that requires treatment. We report an intentional ingestion of 300 mg loratadine by a 6-y-old child that resulted in minor elevation of blood pressure and heart rate when managed with supportive care only. Further studies and case series are needed before a minimum toxic dose can be established.
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PMID:High-dose loratadine exposure in a six-year-old child. 1138 59


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