Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 28 year old woman with 1 child developed a case of urticaria 17 days after the insertion of a Copper-T 200 IUD, which cleared up 4 days after the IUD was removed. The same thing had happened 2 years previously when the patient received an IUD. This was due to a rare allergic reaction to the copper in the IUD, which was determined by an allergy scratch test.
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PMID:[Allergic reactions against copper containing IUDs]. 54 71

A patient with cholinergic urticaria syndrome was found to have an unusually large number of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the urticarial sites. The amplification of these receptors may account for her heightened sensitivity to acetylcholine discharge following exercise, heat, and emotion. The acetylcholine presumably acts directly on the mast-cell membrane to initiate histamine release and thereby punctate urticaria. In addition, an otherwise occult sensitivity to copper was detected with a 48 h contact patch test to the metal followed by an exercise challenge. Under these conditions, the patch test site developed hives after the autonomic stress stimulus of exercise but showed nothing on conventional patch testing before exercise. Such "cholinergic patch testing" is recommended for the demonstration of other examples of antigen enhancement of acetylcholine-mediated reactions.
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PMID:Cholinergic urticaria: acetylcholine-receptor-dependent immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction to copper. 618 7

Although copper sulfate can cause systemic contact dermatitis, few such cases have been recorded among copper-releasing IUD users. Reported in this paper is a case of endometritis and urticaria-angioedema syndrome in a 32-year-old user of a copper IUD. Widespread urticaria, as well as angioedema of the eyelids and the labia majora and minora, persisted for about 6 months and were not responsive to corticosteroids and H1-antagonists. Copper sulfate positivity was demonstrated in 72-hour patch test, 48-hour application of the copper spiral to forearm, and in vitro lymphocyte-stimulating test. Histologic examination of the endometrial biopsy revealed vulvovaginitis with hyperplasia of the cervical canal and T-cell and eosinophilic granulocyte infiltration. Removal of the IUD caused complete symptom remission. In experimental animals with a radioactively labeled copper IUD, small amounts of copper sulfate are absorbed through the mucus membrane and carried to the cutis through the blood or lymph. In the cutis, the allergen is intercepted from antigen-presenting cells and recognized by T cells that migrate to the lymph nodes with blastic transformation, proliferation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, and cytokine production.
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PMID:Systemic contact dermatitis to copper-containing IUD. 889 20

The sexually transmitted disease (STD), chancroid, is the greatest factor for HIV infections in Africa like syphilis is in the US. 3 physicians suggest that reducing the incidence of STDs may reduce the spread of HIV. Risk factors for HIV include current or history of STD in women and bisexual men, pelvic inflammatory disease, semen, copper releasing IUDs, contraceptive dermatitis, malnutrition/food allergy, environmental pollutants, genetic make up, and prostitutes. HIV infected persons should use condoms to not only protect partners but to prevent repeated contact with HIV which influences the clinical outcome. Condom use for contraception is not widely practiced in some areas, however, including Central Africa and Haiti. Condom use has increased in the US because IUDs have been removed from the market, fear of HIV infection, and discontinued use of oral contraceptives in older women. Urticarial reactions secondary to a copper IUD often occur in adolescent women, but clears when the IUD is removed. Traces of nickel in the copper wire used in IUDs often induce an allergic reaction. Allergic reactions are cofactors of HIV which can be made worse if coupled with excessive menstrual bleeding and HIV infected semen cells entering the uterus via the IUD tail. Many countries have integrated family planning services with other public health services, such as STD clinics that address AIDS. Integrated services should provide STD services and contraception and involve males and be accessible to them. Comprehensive school based clinical model should be implemented into schools and colleges. Counselors should advice HIV infected women not to have any more children. These women should get top priority to family planning services. HIV antibody testing for women should be done at any center where women may be including family planning centers and prisons.
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PMID:Comparative parameters of fertility regulation as related to STD / HIV infections. An overview. 1228 19

Reports of immune hypersensitivity reactions of both the immediate and the delayed type following cutaneous or systemic exposure to copper are reviewed here in an endeavor to draw a comprehensive profile of the immunogenic potential of that metal and its compounds. The immunotoxic potential of the metal is also briefly reviewed. In principle, as noted for other transition metals, the electropositive copper ion is potentially immunogenic because of its ability to diffuse through biological membranes, forming complexes when in contact with tissue protein. Based on the results of the predictive guinea pig test and the local lymph node assay (LLNA), copper has a low sensitization potential. Reports of immune reactions to copper include immunologic contact urticaria (ICU), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), systemic allergic reactions (SAR) and contact stomatitis (STO), but considering the widespread use of copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the importance of copper in coinage, items of personal adornment and industry, unambiguous reports of sensitization to the metal are extremely rare, and even fewer are the cases that appear clinically relevant. Most reports of immune reactions to copper describe systemic exposure as a cause--predominantly to intrauterine devices and to prosthetic materials in dentistry--implicitly excluding the induction of hypersensitivity from contact with the skin as a risk factor.
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PMID:Copper hypersensitivity: dermatologic aspects--an overview. 1467 13

Reports of immune reactions of both the immediate and delayed types due to cutaneous or systemic exposure to copper have been reviewed, in the endeavor to draw a comprehensive profile of the immunogenic potential of that metal and its compounds. The metal's immunotoxic potential is also briefly reviewed. In principle, as noted for other transition metals, the electropositive copper ion is potentially immunogenic due to its ability to diffuse through biological membranes to form complexes in contact with tissue protein. Based on predictive guinea pig test and the local lymph node assay (LLNA), copper has a low sensitization potential. Reports of immune reactions to copper include immunologic contact urticaria (ICU), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), systemic allergic reactions (SAR) and contact stomatitis (STO), but considering the widespread use of copper IUDs and the importance of copper in coinage, items of personal adornment and industry, unambiguous reports of sensitization to the metal are extremely rare, and even fewer are the cases, which appear clinically relevant. Reports of immune reactions to copper mainly describe systemic exposure from intrauterine devices and prosthetic materials in dentistry, implicitly excluding induction of the hypersensitivity from contact with the skin as a risk factor. We provide a diagnostic algorithm that might clarify the frequency of copper hypersensitivity.
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PMID:Copper hypersensitivity: dermatologic aspects. 1532 78

In the present work, 6 honeydew samples of known geographical and botanical origins and 11 honeybee samples were analyzed to detect possible contamination by the thermoelectric power plants in Mugla, Turkey. The contents of trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after application of microwave digestion. The samples from the thermal power plants, which were 10-22 km away from the hives, that did not cause pollution in honeydew honeys were also analyzed. The levels of copper, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc, manganese, iron, chromium, nickel, and aluminum were similar to the values found in other recent studies in literature. However, it was found that the contamination levels of the toxic elements such as Pb and Cd in honeybee samples measured relatively higher than that of honey samples. The study concludes that honeybees may be better bioindicators of heavy metal pollution than honey.
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PMID:Honeybees and honey as monitors for heavy metal contamination near thermal power plants in Mugla, Turkey. 2419 50

Several studies have found high levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in honey bee hives located near urbanized or industrial areas. Insect herbivores and pollinators may come in contact with environmental contaminants in the leaves and flowers they forage upon in these areas. Our study quantified which of these metals are accumulated in the tissues of a common weedy plant that can serve as a route of exposure for insects. We grew Raphanus sativus (crop radish) in semi-hydroponic sand culture in the greenhouse. Plants were irrigated with nutrient solutions containing Cd, Cu, or Pb at four concentrations (control, low, medium, high). Plant performance, floral traits, and metal accumulation were measured in various vegetative and reproductive plant organs. Floral traits and flower number were unaffected by all metal treatments. Copper accumulated at the highest concentrations in flowers compared to the other two metals. Copper and Cd had the highest translocation indices, as well as higher bioconcentration factors compared to Pb, which was mostly immobile in the plant. Copper posed the highest risk due to its high mobility within the plant. In particular, accumulation of metals in leaves and flowers suggests that herbivores and pollinators visiting and foraging on these tissues may be exposed to these potentially toxic compounds.
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PMID:Cadmium, copper, and lead accumulation and bioconcentration in the vegetative and reproductive organs of Raphanus sativus: implications for plant performance and pollination. 2584 55

Metal pollution has been increasing rapidly over the past century, and at the same time, the human population has continued to rise and produce contaminants that may negatively impact pollinators. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) forage over large areas and can collect contaminants from the environment. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether the metal contaminants cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and selenium (Se) can have a detrimental effect on whole-colony health in the managed pollinator A. mellifera. The authors isolated small nucleus colonies under large cages and fed them an exclusive diet of sugar syrup and pollen patty spiked with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Se or a control (no additional metal). Treatment levels were based on concentrations in honey and pollen from contaminated hives around the world. They measured whole-colony health including wax, honey, and brood production; colony weight; brood survival; and metal accumulation in various life stages. Colonies treated with Cd or Cu contained more dead pupae within capped cells compared with control, and Se-treated colonies had lower total worker weights compared to control. Lead had a minimal effect on colony performance, although many members of the hive accumulated significant quantities of the metal. By examining the honey bee as a social organism through whole-colony assessments of toxicity, the authors found that the distribution of toxicants throughout the colony varied from metal to metal, some caste members were more susceptible to certain metals, and the colony's ability to grow over time may have been reduced in the presence of Se. Apiaries residing near metal-contaminated areas may be at risk and can suffer changes in colony dynamics and survival.
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PMID:Metal contaminant accumulation in the hive: Consequences for whole-colony health and brood production in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). 2644 90

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active polyphenol of propolis from honeybee hives, and exhibits antioxidant and interesting pharmacological activities. However, in this study, we found that in the presence of Cu(II), CAPE exhibited pro-oxidative rather than antioxidant effect: synergistic DNA damage was induced by the combination of CAPE and Cu(II) together as measured by strand breakage in plasmid DNA and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation, which is dependent on the molar ratio of CAPE:Cu(II). Production of Cu(I) and H2O2 from the redox reaction between CAPE and Cu(II), and subsequent OH formation was found to be responsible for the synergistic DNA damage. DNA sequencing investigations provided more direct evidence that CAPE/Cu(II) caused preferential cleavage at guanine, thymine and cytosine residues. Interestingly, we found there are competitive binding between CAPE and DNA with Cu(II)/Cu(I), which changed the redox activity of Cu(II)/Cu(I), via complementary applications of different analytical methods. The observed DNA damage was mainly attributed to the formation of DNA-Cu(II)/Cu(I) complexes, which is still redox active and initiated the redox reaction near the binding site between copper and DNA. Based on these data, we proposed that the synergistic DNA damage induced by CAPE/Cu(II) might be due to the competitive binding between CAPE and DNA with Cu, and site-specific production of OH near the binding site of copper with DNA. Our findings may have broad biological implications for future research on the pro-oxidative effects of phenolic compounds in the presence of transition metals.
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PMID:Mechanism of synergistic DNA damage induced by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Cu(II): Competitive binding between CAPE and DNA with Cu(II)/Cu(I). 3275 70


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