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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the interval from January 1989 to March 1990, signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis developed in six patients during barium enema examinations in our institution. In all six cases the symptoms of anaphylaxis began during the procedure, usually within 10 min of starting the examination. The principal manifestation of anaphylaxis was severe hypotension, usually accompanied by edema and urticaria. The symptoms were considered potentially life threatening in all patients, and one patient died despite prompt recognition of the anaphylactic nature of the reaction and resuscitative efforts. Serum samples were obtained within a few hours of the reaction in two patients and at autopsy in the fatal case: all three samples showed elevated concentrations of mast cell tryptase, demonstrating the systemic release of anaphylactic mediators. In vitro tests demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin E antibodies specific for latex allergens in five of the six cases. Further in vitro inhibition tests confirmed the specificity of the antibodies for latex allergens and demonstrated that similar allergens were found in both raw latex, latex gloves, and catheter balloons. Only one patient was willing to undergo a skin test, and her skin test was positive for extracts of latex products. After considering multiple possibilities, we conclude that the reactions associated with barium enemas observed in these six patients are most probably the result of latex allergy.
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PMID:Anaphylaxis associated with latex allergy during barium enema examinations. 201 49

A spectrum of IgE-mediated allergic responses to latex is presented in this report of 14 patients, including health care workers, sensitized by exposure to latex gloves. Symptoms often occurred immediately after exposure to latex, and manifestations varied according to the route of latex antigen presentation. Skin exposure usually caused contact urticaria. Exposure to latex in the air elicited allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Systemic effects from latex occurred intraoperatively due to the surgeon's latex gloves. Anaphylactic shock included the above symptoms with the addition of tachycardia and hypotension. All patients had positive latex skin tests. Serum IgE antibody to latex was found with a latex radioallergosorbent test in all but one tested patient. Physicians should be aware that latex allergy can present as anaphylaxis during surgery, barium enema, or dental work. Latex skin tests are a satisfactory method of diagnosis. Nonlatex gloves are available and are tolerated by affected people.
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PMID:The spectrum of IgE-mediated responses to latex. 157 42

Although there have been several reports of adverse reactions to contrast material during barium gastrointestinal (GI) studies, these are considered highly unusual. During a 27-month period at the author's institution, seven reactions to contrast material occurred during 6,918 colon examinations, and four reactions to contrast material occurred during 11,534 upper GI procedures. This frequency is greater than what has been reported previously. Most reactions were fairly mild, with urticaria and pruritus, although two patients, both with a history of asthma, had severe reactions that required emergency treatment. One patient had similar adverse reactions during both upper and lower GI examinations. Since only two patients received glucagon, this is not believed to be a factor. It is likely that patients react to some additive in the barium suspension. The radiologist must be aware of these complications and be ready to begin appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Increased frequency of reactions to contrast materials during gastrointestinal studies. 239 33

Hypersensitivity reactions can occur after the administration of barium products and all caused by one of the many additives. These reactions are extremely unusual. Authors report on a patient who developed urticaria shortly after a conventional barium examination.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity reaction after barium meal examination. 318 27

The authors report three anaphylactic reactions and one allergic reaction during double-contrast studies using glucagon. Symptoms included hives, periorbital edema, and breathing difficulties. Studies performed were three double-contrast barium enemas and one double-contrast upper gastrointestinal series. Glucagon injection and/or an additive in barium suspension are suspected as the likely causes. The allergic potential of glucagon injection, which is not generally appreciated, is reviewed.
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PMID:Anaphylactic and allergic reactions during double-contrast studies: is glucagon or barium suspension the allergen? 387 Dec 90

Three patients who developed urticaria shortly after air-contrast barium enema studies of the colon are described. Only a single similar instance was found in the literature. One of the patients had a positive prick skin test to methylparaben, which was the preservative in the barium mixture used and, therefore, is presumed to be the responsible allergen.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity reactions after barium enema examination. 661 Feb 99

The case of a 42-year-old latex-sensitive female who experienced urticaria, pruritus, soft tissue swelling, and significant hypotension during an outpatient barium enema is described. These signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis occurred immediately after enema tip insertion and before infusion of contrast material. The patient responded well to appropriate emergency therapy and her symptoms resolved in a 24-hour period. Subsequent radioallergosorbent test showed an elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) level to latex, and the skin prick test produced significant induration and erythema in response to latex. This patient experienced an IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction to the latex enema tip. Emergency physicians need to be aware of the spectrum of latex-induced allergic reactions.
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PMID:Latex induced anaphylaxis: a case report. 803 30

Latex allergy has been increasingly recognized in the past 6 years. Defined risk groups are health-care workers, spina bifida children, and possibly food allergy patients. Powdered latex gloves and latex barium enema tips are products most commonly associated with allergy. Clinically, patients present with contact urticaria, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis. At least 15 deaths are reported to have occurred because of latex allergic reactions. Severe occupational latex allergy can result in removal of the affected individual from the workplace. This will have important cost implications. The only presently available treatment of latex allergy is avoidance.
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PMID:Latex allergy--a clinical perspective. 1015 37

The subject was a 34-year-old female with asthma and atopic dermatitis who had previously undergone a Cesarean section. In December 1995, the patient had an acute abdominal pain, so she underwent a barium enema examination. During the procedure, severe anaphylactic shock developed, and the examination was stopped. The patient responded well to appropriate emergency therapy, and her symptoms were resolved. However, the woman visited our outpatient clinic because the symptoms of her atopic dermatitis got worse. She indicated that she felt itchy when using rubber gloves. Also, at the age of thirty, she had urticaria and dyspnea after drinking a glass of fruit juice. Subsequently radioallergosorbent testing demonstrated the presence of specific IgEs against latex, banana, kiwi, grapefruit, and avocado. Skin prick tests were positive for banana, grapefruit, avocado, and latex extract at a dilution of 1:1000. A scratch test was positive to an extract of a balloon catheter which included 0.3 microg/g latex proteins by the LEAP method. In conclusion, the patient was diagnosed with an anaphylaxis to the latex contained in a balloon catheter used for the barium enema.
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PMID:[A case of the latex-induced anaphylaxis by contact with barium enema catheter]. 1476 30

Barium enema is used to screen patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who do not want to undergo colonoscopy. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is usually the bowel preparation of choice. Few allergic reactions from this product have been reported; these include urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis. Reactions are thought to result from a small amount of PEG crossing the intestinal mucosa, which, in some patients, is sufficient to provoke an anaphylactic reaction.
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PMID:Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Induced Anaphylactic Reaction During Bowel Preparation. 2620 43


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