Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aetiologic evaluation of adverse cutaneous reactions to penicillins is still not an easy problem to solve. Skin testing is usually carried out intradermally with benzylpenicilloyl polylysine (BPO-PPL) and minor determinant mixture (MDM), but these are often unsuitable for the detection of sensitivity to betalactam antibiotics. 101 selected subjects, with different cutaneous reactions to betalactams and with a clinical history of positive challenge, were skin tested (patch test, prick test, intradermal test) with a standard betalactam series (amoxycillin, sodium penicillin G, ampicillin, bacampicillin, aztreonam, ceftriazone, BPO-PPL, MDM). 1 or more positive reactions to skin tests, mainly to intradermal tests, were observed in 47.5% of the subjects studied, especially in those with maculopapular eruptions, urticaria/angioedema and drug reactions caused by ampicillin and amoxycillin. Cross-sensitivity was demonstrated in 22.8% of cases and was due almost solely to the semisynthetic penicillins. Finally, to increase the yield in detecting positive patients, it is necessary that ampicillin and amoxycillin be tested in addition to major and minor determinants.
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PMID:Skin tests in the diagnosis of eruptions caused by betalactams. 938 9

A 24-year-old woman who visited our hospital because of urticaria had a bronchial asthma attack about 5 min. after receiving Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC) intravenously. A skin test for SNMC and its components (glycyrrhizin, L-cystein, aminoacetic acid, and sodium sulfite) was positive for SNMC and borderline for sodium sulfite after 15 min. A skin test for mixtures of L-cystein and sodium sulfite was also positive. Inhalation provocation tests for SNMC and mixtures of L-cystein and sodium sulfite were positive after 5 min. An inhalation provocation test for sulpyrin was also positive. The patient's bronchial asthma attack was ascribed to SNMC. Type I allergy to mixtures of L-cystein and sodium sulfite was the suspected cause.
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PMID:[Bronchial asthma due to Stronger Neo-Minophagen C]. 980 19

Three pathologies can be induced by exercise in asthmatic children: anaphylaxis, urticaria, asthma. Exercise induced anaphylaxis and urticaria are rare conditions. Exercise induced asthma can be prevented by treatment such as cromolyn sodium, nedocromil, beta 2 agonists or a combination of two of these products. Re-adaptation programmes can be set up to raise the point of outbreak of bronchospasm. Despite these possible exercise induced pathologies, regular exercise has many advantage for the asthmatic children (such as improved well being, sociability and cardio-respiratory functions) and must be encouraged. The choice of sport activities must be envisaged with the child, taking into account the various aspects of prevention of exercise induced pathologies.
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PMID:[Is the asthmatic child able to play sports?]. 1023 Apr 90

In diabetic nephropathy, heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains are reduced in glomerular basement membranes proportionally to the degree of proteinuria. Recently, it was demonstrated that additional therapy with danaparoid sodium, a mixture of sulfated glycosaminoglycans with mainly heparan sulfate, lowered proteinuria in type 1 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy. A randomized placebo-controlled parallel study was performed with 750 anti-Xa units of danaparoid sodium once daily in type 2 diabetes patients with severe proteinuria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible effects of danaparoid sodium on proteinuria, endothelial dysfunction, and hard exudates in the retina and to determine the safety/tolerability of this drug. Twenty-two patients completed the study, and one patient had to stop prematurely after 6 wk of danaparoid sodium treatment because of urticaria at the injection sites. Apart from a small decrease of hemoglobin and minor skin hematomas at the injection site in five patients in the danaparoid sodium group, no other safety parameters showed any clinically or statistically significant difference between and within groups. The relative change in time of both the urinary albumin and protein excretion rate corrected for creatinine did not differ between both treatment arms (P = 0.2 and 0.49, respectively). No retinal complications or changes of hard exudates occurred. von Willebrand factor was elevated in both groups, but was not influenced by either treatment modality. Contrary to the beneficial effects that occurred in type 1 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy, treatment for 8 wk with 750 anti-Xa units of danaparoid sodium gave no reduction of proteinuria, hard exudates, and von Willebrand factor.
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PMID:Effect of danaparoid sodium on proteinuria, von Willebrand factor, and hard exudates in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. 1036 73

The aim of the present paper is to evaluate whether increasing environmental exposure increases the frequency of the positive prick and patch test reactions to certain chlorinated platinum salts in patients with dermatitis and urticaria. 800 consecutive subjects with contact dermatitis (n=749) and urticaria (n=51) were variously patch and prick tested with 30 haptens of a standard series, with aqueous solutions of, respectively, hexachloroplatinic acid (H2[PtCl6]), potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2[PtCl4]), sodium hexachloroplatinate (Na2[PtCl6]), iridium chloride (IrCl3), rhodium chloride (RhCl3) and palladium chloride (PdCl2), and with 16 common inhalants. 153 workers, variably exposed in a platinum refinery, were patch and prick tested only with solutions containing platinum-group elements at various concentrations and with 16 common inhalants. Platinum-group elements did not elicit positive patch or prick test reactions in non-occupationally exposed subjects. In contrast, in exposed workers, positive patch test reactions at day 2 and at 25 min, respectively, were found in 2 subjects with hand dermatitis and in 2 with urticaria and asthma. 22 out of the 153 workers, 18 of whom had rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria, gave positive prick test reactions to 1 or more salts. Furthermore, on patch and prick testing, 4 cross-reactions between platinum, palladium, iridium and rhodium were demonstrated. In conclusion, the test results demonstrate that the present concentration in the environment does not increase the incidence of reactions to platinum salts in patients with dermatitis and/or urticaria. However, if the average level of environmental platinum exposure approaches those existing in industrial settings in the future, we are going to observe more frequent health effects.
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PMID:Platinum in the environment: frequency of reactions to platinum-group elements in patients with dermatitis and urticaria. 1114 Mar 83

There is a high incidence of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and contact urticaria in workers of precious metal refineries. Symptoms are closely associated with sensitization to halogenated platinum compounds, as assessed by skin-prick test. The aim of the present study was to examine the molecular mechanisms involved by describing the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire distribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without and after in vitro stimulation with sodium hexachloroplatinate. PBMCs of 17 sensitized subjects with work-related asthma and a positive skin-prick test result to sodium hexachloroplatinate and of 15 nonexposed subjects were isolated and TCR expression determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the sodium hexachloroplatinate-mediated in vitro effects on the frequency of Vbeta-expressing T-cells, the proliferation response and the expression of cell surface molecules like CD71, CD25, CD95 and HLA-DR were studied. CD3-positive lymphocytes of platinum salt-sensitized workers had a significantly higher frequency of Valpha2a+, Vbeta11+ and Vbeta21.3+ T-cells than controls (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). In vitro stimulation of PBMCs from platinum salt-sensitized as well as control subjects with sodium hexachloroplatinate increased the percentage of CD3-positive cells bearing specific TCRs, especially Vbeta5.3, Vbeta6.7, Vbeta8a, Vbeta20 and Vbeta21.3. This effect was time- and dose-dependent. The present results indicate that the frequencies of Valpha2a-, V11 and Vbeta21.3-bearing blood T-cells and platinum salt-induced lymphocyte proliferation are strongly enhanced in subjects who suffer from asthma due to platinum salt. In addition, in vitro stimulation with sodium hexachloroplatinate modulates the frequencies of certain T-cell receptor-bearing T-cells.
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PMID:T-cell receptor repertoire expression in workers with occupational asthma due to platinum salt. 1115 86

The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity is high in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), but in few selected patients the possible clinical benefit of levothyroxine sodium or antithyroid drugs has been studied. The objective of the present study was to confirm the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies in patients with CIU and to investigate the clinical response to levothyroxine sodium or methimazole. Antithyroglobulin and antiperoxidase antibodies were measured in 170 consecutive patients with CIU. Twenty-five (14.7%) had an antithyroglobulin or antiperoxidase antibody levels > 180 lU/ml and all but three were women. Twenty patients with CIU and thyroid autoimmunity were treated with levothyroxine sodium if hypothyroidism or normal thyroid function were present (18 patients) and with methimazole if hyperthyroidism was detected (two patients). Clinical response was evaluated by a clinical score. Autologous serum skin test before treatment was performed in 18 patients with thyroid autoantibodies. Urticaria resolved rapidly in two patients with Graves' disease. The clinical response of urticaria to levothyroxine sodium treatment was good in 15 patients and partial in two, whereas only one patient showed no improvement in clinical score (p < 0.0005). No changes in the antithyroglobulin or antiperoxidase levels were detected. Five patients reported adverse effects. The autologous serum skin test was positive in 10 patients and negative in eight. After successful treatment the test was repeated in six patients, proving negative in four and significantly diminished in two. We concluded that patients with CIU and thyroid autoimmunity benefit from treatment with levothyroxine sodium or antithyroid drugs. Antithyroid antibodies and positive autologous serum skin test in these patients could be markers of autoimmune disease with several target organs.
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PMID:Successful treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria associated with thyroid autoimmunity. 1120 34

In the last two decades a growing incidence of a peculiar form of anaphylaxis that only occurs while carrying out physical exercise has been observed. Within the exercise-induced anaphylaxis syndrome two well differentiated clinical forms are included: systemic cholinergic urticaria and exercise-induced anaphylaxis in the strict sense which can be shown by a classic form or a variant form, more uncommon and with manifestations similar to cholinergic urticaria. Postprandial or food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a frequently identified subtype of these last cases. It can be due to an asymptomatic food allergy manifested through physical effort, although in many occasions it is not possible to find a responsible allergen. The diagnosis is settled on the clinical history and specific tests with food allergens. It can be necessary to perform an exercise challenge test with and without previous ingestion. The treatment is preventive and it is based on avoiding the food or the food allergen some hours before the exercise. When it does not depend on foods it is used a prophylactic pharmacotherapy with antihistamines, cromones or sodium bicarbonate. The patient should be well educated on the use of epinephrine in the event of new reactions.
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PMID:[Exercise-induced anaphylaxis syndrome]. 1149 64

Dietary elimination is a treatment of first choice in food hypersensitivity. Such therapy is not always enough to stop the disease and introduction of pharmacological treatment is necessary. In prevention and long term treatment antiallergic drugs are recommended. The aim of the study was to assess efficacy and safety of oral sodium cromoglycate in treatment of food hypersensitivity in the youngest children. In our study we examined: the group of 25 children aged 6 months-3 years treated with oral cromolyn sodium during the period 4-20 weeks and 29 children aged 6 months-3 years treated with ketotifen. Symptoms from skin, digestive and respiratory tract, behaviour status were evaluated for drugs efficacy. Cromolyn and ketotifen effected a significant decrease in total symptoms score. The treatment was well tolerated. No serious side effects were noted. The incidents of skin rash, disquiet during the night, diarrhoea and urticaria were only 8 percent. Sodium cromoglycate is safe and effective drug in treatment of food allergy in children; specially in symptoms from gastrointestinal tract and multi-organs allergy.
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PMID:[Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of food hypersensitivity in children under 3 years of age]. 1176 17

Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzoic Acid is an aromatic acid used in a wide variety of cosmetics as a pH adjuster and preservative. Sodium Benzoate is the sodium salt of Benzoic Acid used as a preservative, also in a wide range of cosmetic product types. Benzyl Alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate are generally recognized as safe in foods according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. No adverse effects of Benzyl Alcohol were seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate in chronic exposure animal studies were limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences between control and Benzyl Alcohol-treated populations were noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and Benzyl Alcohol-treated groups. Benzoic Acid was associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there were no reproductive or developmental toxicty findings in studies using mice and rats exposed to Sodium Benzoate, and, likewise, Benzoic Acid was negative in two rat studies. Genotoxicity tests for these ingredients were mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicated that these ingredients can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritus. In one study, 5% Benzyl Alcohol elicited a reaction, and in another study, 2% Benzoic Acid did likewise. Benzyl Alcohol, however, was not a sensitizer at 10%, nor was Benzoic Acid a sensitizer at 2%. Recognizing that the nonimmunologic reactions are strictly cutaneous, likely involving a cholinergic mechanism, it was concluded that these ingredients could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using these ingredients in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl Alcohol was considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use were considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which these ingredients may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of these ingredients in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of these ingredients where inhalation can occur.
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PMID:Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. 1176 31


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