Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefoperazone is a new beta-lactam antibiotic that possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Cefoperazone differs from all previous cephalosporins in that it has exceptional activity against P. aeruginosa. The other distinguishing feature of cefoperazone is its high rate of biliary excretion, which will allow for treatment of biliary tract infections. Renal elimination accounts for only 20 percent of the agent's elimination; dosage modification is not necessary in decreased renal function. The clinical response rate of infections to cefoperazone is similar to that of moxalactam, cefotaxime, or the cephalosporins in general. The overall incidence of side effects was 14 percent in U.S. trials, with skin rash, fever, or urticaria occurring in 1 percent; phlebitis and injection-site pain in 2 percent; and diarrhea in 5 percent. As with the other third-generation cephalosporins, cefoperazone requires close scrutiny because of its expected high cost and the lack of comparative trials with standard antibiotic regimens.
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PMID:Cefoperazone (Cefobid, Pfizer). 621 74

A retrospective analysis of the clinical and microbiological efficacy and safety of cefoperazone/sulbactam in the treatment of 39 cardiosurgical patients operated under the conditions of artificial circulation is presented. The age of the adult patients (n = 28) varied from 44 to 58 years and that of the pediatric patients varied from 4 months to 6 years. Antibacterial therapy of 26 patients was needed because of postoperative infectious complications, such as nosocomial pneumonia in 22 patients and sepsis in 4 patients. The antibacterial therapy with cefoperazone/sulbactam in 9 patients was performed during the operation because of active infectious endocarditis. In 4 patients there were observed clinical and laboratory signs of infection without the infection foci. The initial empirical therapy with cefoperazone/sulbactam was applied to 14 patients (group 1) and the target-aimed therapy based on the data of the pathogen susceptibility to cefoperazone/sulbactam was used in 6 patients (group 2). 19 patients (group 3) were treated with cefoperazone/sulbactam because of the fail of the previous antibacterial therapy, including the 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems as well. Cefoperazone/sulbactam was used in the monotherapy of 15 cases (38%). Cefoperazone/sulbactam showed high efficacy in the treatment of severe nosocomial infections and infectious endocarditis (in combination with vancomycin or linezolid). It amounted to 93, 100 and 79% in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively, the total of 94%. The results of the microbiological assay were evident of the cefoperazone/sulbactam high activity against the problem gram nagative isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12), Acinetobacter baumanii (n = 4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 4) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 5). Adverse reactions were stated in 2 patients (5%), 1 case of urticaria requiring discontinuation of the drug use. Many of the patients proved to be colonized by MRS before the therapy with cefoperazone/sulbactam. The high probability of staphylococcal superinfection required combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam with antistaphylococcal agents, such as rifampicin, fusidin, vancomycin, linezolid. The best results were provided by the target-aimed therapy based on the microbiological monitoring.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with the treatment of severe nosocomial infections by inhibitor-protected 3rd generation cephalosporin cefoperazone/sulbactam]. 1639 38