Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Celery is a frequent food allergen: not only raw, but also cooked and as a spice it can produce various reactions of immediate type, from oral contact urticaria to anaphylactic shock. Most celery-allergic patients suffer from hay fever and show a skin sensitization to mugwort. An associated allergy to several spices is quite common, and therefore the term "celery-mugwort-spice-syndrome" has been proposed. The authors have investigated 35 patients, 85% of them women, in whom a current celery allergy of varying severity was diagnosed during the first 8 months of 1984. A positive skin test to celery was seen in 16 patients who denied any symptoms from it. Thorough skin testing and RAST screening with different celery preparations, other foodstuffs and mugwort-pollens were performed on all patients. The modified prick test with native celery-root proved to be the best method for detecting celery sensitization, showing a positive result in 88.6%. The scratch test with celery-salt was positive in 70.5%, intracutaneous testing with commercial extract in 63.5% and the RAST with celery-sticks in 66% of the patients. Sensitization to mugwort was absent in 8 patients only. The mugwort-sensitive group frequently showed a positive test to ragweed-pollens, a common plant in North America, and this appears to indicate cross-reactivity amongst the family of the Asteraceae. Cross-reactivity amongst the Apiaceae is the cause of the many positive results obtained with carrot, parsely, anise, fennel and caraway, the carrot allergy being of clinical importance in 50% of cases, including one with a history of anaphylactic shock after ingestion of raw carrots.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The celery-carrot-mugwort-condiment syndrome: skin test and RAST results]. 398 87

Data is reviewed on premenstrual symptoms which have been related to high suicide and accident rates, employment absentee rates, poor academic performance and acute psychiatric problems. A recent study of healthy young women indicated that 39% had troublesome premenstrual symptoms, 54% passed clots in their menses, 70% had cyclical localized acneiform eruptions and only 17% failed to experience menstrual pain. Common menstrual disorders are classified as either dysmenorrhea or the premenstrual syndrome. Symptoms for the latter usually begin 2-12 days prior to menstruation and include nervous tension, irritability, anxiety, depression, bloated breasts and abdomen, swollen fingers and legs, headaches, dizziness, occasional hypersomia, excessive thirst and appetite. Some women may display an increased susceptibility to migraine, vasomotor rhinitis, asthma, urticaria and epilepsy. Symptoms are usually relieved with the onset of menses. While a definitive etiological theory remains to be substantiated, symptomatic relief has been reported with salt and water restriction and simple diuretics used 7 to 10 days premenstrually. Diazapam or chlordiazepoxide treatment is recommended before oral contraceptive therapy. The premenstrual syndrome may persist after menopause, is unaffected by parity, and sufferers score highly on neuroticism tests. Primary or spasmodic dysmenorrhea occurs in young women, tends to decline with age and parity and has no correlation with premenstrual symptoms or neuroticism. Spasmodic or colicky pain begins and is most severe on the first day of menstruation and may continue for 2-3 days. Treatment of dysmenorrhea with psychotropic drugs or narcotics is discouraged due to the risk of dependence and abuse. Temporary relief for disabling pain may be obtained with oral contraceptives containing synthetic estrogen and progestogen but the inherent risks should be acknowledged. Both disorders have been correlated to menstrual irregularity. Amenorrhea in many women may be precipitated by simple psychological events such as leaving home, while severely stressful events produce a higher incidence. Unless a physiological factor such as malnutrition is operating, menses usually recur spontaneously within a few months. Amenorrhea is a constant feature of anorexia nervosa and may precede related attitudes toward eating and body weight. This syndrome is best regarded as a chronic and often severe neurotic disorder requiring combined physiological and psychological treatment, although some evidence exists to indicate an endocrine disorder. Extensive basic research is needed on the complex relationship between the neuroendocrine system and emotion.
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PMID:Premenstrual symptoms. 473 36

The systemic complications of therapy with lithium are well known, but toxidermia has only been recognised since 1968. The carbonate (Teralithe) is the lithium salt which is mainly responsible, leading to minor dermatoses: oedema, pruritus, alopecia, urticaria, purpura, allergic vasculitis, pretibial ulceration. Some more specific conditions have been individualised by their severity and rarity: acne form eruptions, seborrheic dermatitis, follicular keratoses and psoriasis-like dermatosis as well as true psoriasis induced or aggravated by lithium. The authors review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of these toxidermias. The cause of some dermatoses can be explained, especially the allergic vasculitis and psoriasis lesions. The underlying mechanism of most of these conditions remains unknown, but excessive tissue concentrations of the drug probably play an important role in inducing these complications.
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PMID:[Drug eruptions caused by lithium salts]. 624 39

This paper presents the case of a non-smoking and non-atopic male, exposed to iridium chloride at work, who developed respiratory tract symptoms and contact urticaria. Application of iridium salt to normal skin caused contact urticaria. An iridium chloride prick test showed a positive reaction and a scratch test produced anaphylactoid reactions. Platinum salt allergy was excluded through prick testing with hexachloroplatinate solution. There is no previous report describing a case where an individual has a positive prick test reaction to iridium salts and simultaneously a negative one to platinum salts. The results are interpreted as immediate-type hypersensitivity (Type I allergy?) to iridium salt. The route of sensitization was probably through the airways. Further testing showed that iridium salt allergy could persist for at least 18 months after exposure ceases. 14 employees at the same factory were prick tested with iridium and platinum salts with negative results. Prick testing is recommended as a method of first choice when investigating a person with suspected iridium salt allergy.
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PMID:Contact urticaria with anaphylactic reactions caused by occupational exposure to iridium salt. 772 Mar 64

Hypersensitivity resulting from the ingestion or inhalation of buckwheat allergen causes immediate manifestation of symptoms including urticaria, wheezing, dyspnea, anaphylactic shock, which is considered to be IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity. Using sera of patients with buckwheat allergy the immuno-reactivity to purified buckwheat protein was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting method. The incidence of positive RAST value to buckwheat was 80% in the patients and 66.6% in the RAST-positive controls, whereas the RAST-negative controls showed all negative. The sera of both patients and RAST-positive controls showed significantly higher levels of specific IgG antibodies against salt-soluble and salt-insoluble fractions of buckwheat protein than the RAST-negative controls. By means of IgG-immunoblotting analysis, ten polypeptide bands of salt-soluble fraction and six polypeptides bands of salt-insoluble fraction were detected in all sera of the patients. In contrast, the patterns of IgE-immunoblots varied depending on the sera used. Taken together, the immune activation to buckwheat protein in patients with buckwheat allergy is not restricted to IgE antibody formation but extends to other immunoglobulin class. IgG, which indicating that the overall immune activation to buckwheat protein may be the basic characteristics of buckwheat allergy. Additionally, other factor is necessary for the manifestation of symptoms.
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PMID:[Analysis of immune responses in buckwheat allergy]. 913 35

Fexofenadine is a highly specific, H1-receptor antagonist with a safety profile similar to placebo. In placebo-controlled trials of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), the type and incidence of adverse events were comparable in fexofenadine and placebo recipients. Fexofenadine does not impair performance in tests of driving or psychomotor performance and has been shown to improve quality of life in patients with SAR. Fexofenadine has a high margin of safety and is also well tolerated in subjects with renal or hepatic impairment, in children and the elderly. No clinically significant drug interactions have been identified. Fexofenadine is not associated with cardiotoxicity. Unlike some other antihistamines, such as loratidine or cetirizine [1, 2], fexofenadine is truly non-sedating, showing no dose-related increase in sedation, even at high doses [3, 4]. Fexofenadine is formulated and marketed as the hydrochloride salt. The recommended dose of fexofenadine HC1 is 120 mg daily for SAR (either as 120 mg once daily or 60 mg twice daily) or 180 mg once daily for CIU.
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PMID:The systemic safety of fexofenadine HCl. 1044 32

There is a high incidence of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and contact urticaria in workers of precious metal refineries. Symptoms are closely associated with sensitization to halogenated platinum compounds, as assessed by skin-prick test. The aim of the present study was to examine the molecular mechanisms involved by describing the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire distribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without and after in vitro stimulation with sodium hexachloroplatinate. PBMCs of 17 sensitized subjects with work-related asthma and a positive skin-prick test result to sodium hexachloroplatinate and of 15 nonexposed subjects were isolated and TCR expression determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the sodium hexachloroplatinate-mediated in vitro effects on the frequency of Vbeta-expressing T-cells, the proliferation response and the expression of cell surface molecules like CD71, CD25, CD95 and HLA-DR were studied. CD3-positive lymphocytes of platinum salt-sensitized workers had a significantly higher frequency of Valpha2a+, Vbeta11+ and Vbeta21.3+ T-cells than controls (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). In vitro stimulation of PBMCs from platinum salt-sensitized as well as control subjects with sodium hexachloroplatinate increased the percentage of CD3-positive cells bearing specific TCRs, especially Vbeta5.3, Vbeta6.7, Vbeta8a, Vbeta20 and Vbeta21.3. This effect was time- and dose-dependent. The present results indicate that the frequencies of Valpha2a-, V11 and Vbeta21.3-bearing blood T-cells and platinum salt-induced lymphocyte proliferation are strongly enhanced in subjects who suffer from asthma due to platinum salt. In addition, in vitro stimulation with sodium hexachloroplatinate modulates the frequencies of certain T-cell receptor-bearing T-cells.
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PMID:T-cell receptor repertoire expression in workers with occupational asthma due to platinum salt. 1115 86

Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzoic Acid is an aromatic acid used in a wide variety of cosmetics as a pH adjuster and preservative. Sodium Benzoate is the sodium salt of Benzoic Acid used as a preservative, also in a wide range of cosmetic product types. Benzyl Alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate are generally recognized as safe in foods according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. No adverse effects of Benzyl Alcohol were seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate in chronic exposure animal studies were limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences between control and Benzyl Alcohol-treated populations were noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and Benzyl Alcohol-treated groups. Benzoic Acid was associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there were no reproductive or developmental toxicty findings in studies using mice and rats exposed to Sodium Benzoate, and, likewise, Benzoic Acid was negative in two rat studies. Genotoxicity tests for these ingredients were mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicated that these ingredients can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritus. In one study, 5% Benzyl Alcohol elicited a reaction, and in another study, 2% Benzoic Acid did likewise. Benzyl Alcohol, however, was not a sensitizer at 10%, nor was Benzoic Acid a sensitizer at 2%. Recognizing that the nonimmunologic reactions are strictly cutaneous, likely involving a cholinergic mechanism, it was concluded that these ingredients could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using these ingredients in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl Alcohol was considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use were considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which these ingredients may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of these ingredients in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of these ingredients where inhalation can occur.
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PMID:Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. 1176 31

The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the chloroquine-proguanil association (C/P) as antimalarial chemoprophylaxis is becoming increasingly common in Africa. Daily oral doxycycline hyclate 100 mg is effective as malaria prophylaxis. But the hyclate salt's adverse effects combined with the capsule's galenic form are incompatible with good chemoprophylaxis compliance. We conducted a randomized group study of 522 French soldiers deployed in Gabon and Chad for 4 months to determine the tolerability of short-term malaria chemoprophylaxis with a 100-mg daily tablet of a monohydrate doxycycline salt compared with a daily C/P capsule. At days 7 and 120, compliance was better in the doxycycline group [respectively 98.5%vs. 73.9% (P < 0.001) and 90.5%vs. 74% (P < 0.001)]. No major event (evacuation, hospitalization) was related to the medications. Epigastralgia, diarrhoea, urticaria, mouth ulcers, sun sensitization and desquamation were significantly more frequent in the C/P group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference for malaria incidence, vertigo, nausea and hair loss. These results suggest that doxycycline monohydrate may be safely used in short-term malaria chemoprophylaxis. With the same efficacy as a hyclate doxycycline, doxycycline monohydrate could be a good chemoprophylaxis for short-term travellers at particular risk of C/P resistant P. falciparum malaria.
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PMID:Tolerability of doxycycline monohydrate salt vs. chloroquine-proguanil in malaria chemoprophylaxis. 1239 May 96

Persulfate salts may cause contact urticaria, allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The mechanism of the immediate reactions has been unclear. Positive prick test, skin application and nasal and bronchial provocations identify immediate allergy. There is only 1 previous report of specific binding of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to ammonium persulfate demonstrated by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). In the present study, fresh 2% ammonium and potassium persulfate solutions were used for prick testing. Patients with positive prick tests were further evaluated with open skin application, immunospot and RAST. Prick testing with persulfate salts was performed in a total of 138 patients. 7 patients had a positive reaction to at least 1 persulfate salt. 6 of the patients had had skin symptoms, urticaria, eczema or angioedema, because of contact with hair bleaches. Open application on healthy skin was performed in 4 patients, and 3 out of them had urticarial reactions. The sera of 5 patients were investigated with immunospot and RAST. On immunospot, specific binding of IgE to human serum albumin (HSA)-conjugated ammonium and potassium persulfate was found in 2 patients. 1 immunospot-positive patient also had a positive RAST to ammonium persulfate-HSA conjugate. The mechanism of immediate hypersensitivity to persulfates thus seems to be IgE-mediated at least in some patients.
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PMID:Specific immunoglobulin E in patients with immediate persulfate hypersensitivity. 1464 Nov 16


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