Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because the pathophysiology of many drug eruptions is unknown, the presumption that a drug eruption is due to immune mechanisms is often based on clinical features. The drug exanthem, urticaria, and contact dermatitis are the most common adverse cutaneous reactions to medications. Drug exanthems occur in 2 to 3 per cent of medical inpatients and are most commonly caused by antibiotics and blood products. The incidence of drug exanthems is much higher in certain patient populations (for example, patients with AIDS treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Urticaria is the second most common allergic cutaneous reaction to drugs. Individual urticarial lesions last for less than 24 hours and do not leave hyperpigmentation or scarring. Urticaria not accompanied by systemic symptoms should not be treated with systemic corticosteroids or parenteral epinephrine. Allergic contact dermatitis is commonly caused by neomycin, benzocaine, ethylenediamine, diphenhydramine, and transdermal patches. The clinical spectrum of other, less common drug eruptions is wide. Toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, and fixed drug eruptions share similar pathologic features, are caused by many of the same drugs, and may have a similar pathogenesis. Photoallergic drug reactions require the interaction of drugs, UV irradiation, and the immune system. Drugs implicated in causing photoallergy include thiazide diuretics, sulfonamides, and phenothiazines. Eruptions seen in serum sickness include the drug exanthem, urticaria, vasculitis, urticarial vasculitis, and erythema multiforme. Identifying and discontinuing the responsible drug is usually essential for successful therapy of drug eruptions.
Prim Care 1989 Sep
PMID:Allergic cutaneous reactions to drugs. 252 77

Terfenadine, an anti-H1-selective antihistaminic drug has been used in an experimental clinical study. The effectiveness and tolerance of the compound in the treatment of pruritic dermatitis such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis and topical dermatitis, have been evaluated. Terfenadine, administered in 120 mg tablets in a single daily dose in 30 patients demonstrated a fully satisfactory therapeutic activity and reliability of use.
G Ital Dermatol Venereol 1989 Sep
PMID:[Treatment of histamine-dependent allergic dermatoses with a 120-mg terfenadine tablet once a day]. 257 23

The case of a 17 year old patient with severe course of toxocariasis is reported. Over a period of 6 months the patient developed signs of serious systemic condition with fever, respiratory infections, diarrhea, urticaria, weight loss, and muscular atrophies. The most remarkable organ derangements involved bilateral exudative neuroretinitis, severe degree of peripheral motoneuron derangement, and grave kidney damage with developing polyuria, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and therapeutically hardly tractable hypertension. The most important laboratory findings were high erythrocyte sedimentation, absolute and relative eosinophilia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Serological examination exhibited weak larval toxocariasis positivity. Treatment with Mintezol and subsequent administration of prednisone resulted in complete restoration of the clinical state, including organ and laboratory manifestations. The reported case documents the occurrence of larval toxocariasis in our population as well as the possibility of a very severe course of this parasitic infection in man. The therapeutic effect is remarkable since literary data have so far reported mostly unsatisfactory results of toxocariasis treatment.
Bratisl Lek Listy 1989 Sep
PMID:[Larval toxocariasis--a severe course of the manifest infection]. 259 Aug 55

Sections from the wheals of recent onset 24 hours old or less taken from 11 patients with urticaria were examined by electron microscopy. The results have demonstrated that some langerhans cells display cell structure damage, namely: vacuolation of cytoplasm, damage to some mitochondria, prominent golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The Birbeck granules have shown various forms. These findings suggest that in urticaria, the langerhans cells take part in the allergic reactions.
Indian J Dermatol 1989 Sep
PMID:Langerhans' cells in urticaria: an electron microscopic study. 263 78

A 30-year-old black albino woman was first observed with a 4-year history of monthly urticarial episodes associated with hypereosinophilia. Hives consistently began at the end of menses and lasted for 1 to 2 weeks. A comprehensive evaluation excluded underlying malignancy and infection. There was no evidence of extracutaneous visceral involvement consistent with the primary hypereosinophilic syndrome. A 6-month prospective evaluation was performed, during which daily hive symptoms were recorded and weekly determinations of eosinophils, serum total IgE, progesterone, estradiol, and 24-hour urine histamine were obtained. Eosinophil counts (range, 4002 to 37,350 cells per cubic millimeter) increased in association with the onset of hives and decreased to baseline levels after their resolution. The 24-hour urine histamine peaked at the onset of each urticarial episode. When serum progesterone levels increased, the hives were quiescent and peripheral eosinophils decreased to baseline levels. Progesterone caused in vitro dose-related inhibition of antihuman IgE-induced histamine release from peripheral basophils of this patient. Treatment with oral medroxyprogesterone resulted in remission of urticaria and a decrease in eosinophil counts. This patient represents a unique case of chronic cyclic urticaria and hypereosinophilia that appears to be modulated by the effects of progesterone.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989 Sep
PMID:Progesterone-responsive urticaria and eosinophilia. 277 36

Allergic reactions after insect stings may have a delayed onset, differing from the usual immediate anaphylactic pattern. Ten patients, aged 6 to 78 years, had allergic reactions 1 to 2 weeks after an insect sting. Six patients had had multiple stings preceding the reaction. In two instances, immediate anaphylaxis also occurred. Four of the 10 patients had serum sickness-type reactions; two other patients had more severe anaphylactic symptoms, including throat edema. All patients in this group had venom-specific IgE; four of the 10 patients had serum venom-specific IgG. Eight patients subsequently received venom immunotherapy (VIT). There have been no reactions from seven re-stings. Five patients had generalized hives starting 6 to 24 hours after an insect sting. All patients in this group had venom-specific IgE; three patients have received VIT. Two other patients developed hives, one with throat edema 3 days after an insect sting. Both patients had high titers of serum venom-specific IgE; neither patient has received VIT, one patient because of extreme sensitivity. These observations suggest that after an insect sting, patients may develop delayed-onset allergic symptoms that range from typical anaphylaxis to serum sickness and are mediated by venom-specific IgE. VIT is recommended for patients with these reactions.
J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989 Sep
PMID:Late-onset allergic reactions, including serum sickness, after insect stings. 277 39

Ninety-one subjects suffering from chronic or recurrent urticaria or recurrent angioedema of 2 months to 17 yr duration were skin-prick and scratch tested with 18 various food additives. Twenty-four of the subjects (26%) had at least one histamine equivalent skin test (ST) reaction. In contrast, only 24 (10%) of 247 non-urticaria control subjects showed comparable results. An oral provocation test with food additives was carried out on 10 of the 24 ST-positive subjects with urticaria or angioedema, but only one positive reaction, caused by benzoic acid, was recorded. All 91 subjects were advised to follow an additive-free diet. The effect of the diet was investigated with a retrospective postal survey. Twenty-three ST-positive subjects returned the questionnaire, 18 had followed the diet, and 16 (89%) of these 18 had experienced marked relief of their symptoms. Correspondingly, 42 of the 47 ST-negative subjects had followed the diet, and 17 (40%) had improved. The difference was significant (P less than 0.05). Our results suggest that skin tests with food additives can be used to measure skin hyperreactivity and that they may have a predictive value in identifying patients who will respond to an additive-free diet.
Clin Exp Allergy 1989 Sep
PMID:The results of skin testing with food additives and the effect of an elimination diet in chronic and recurrent urticaria and recurrent angioedema. 279 May 61

The urticaria is a common skin disease, characterized by evanescent, pruritic, erythematous and oedematous wheals and sometimes by giant hives (angio-edema). Its pathogenesis is related to the activation of tissue mast cells by many immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms, resulting in a release of biologically active products. The cause of chronic urticaria remains unknown in 75 to 80% of the cases. This form is rare in childhood. More of 50% of children with acute urticaria are atopic with preexisting dermatitis of pollinosis. A papular urticaria (prurigo strophulus), an urticaria pigmentosa, and, in case of angioedema, the hereditary form due to functional inactivity of the C1-inhibitor must be excluded. The therapeutic possibilities in the praxis are briefly discussed.
Ther Umsch 1989 Sep
PMID:[Urticaria and Quincke's edema]. 279 39

Plasmapheresis represents a new and powerful treatment for solar urticaria and has been performed in a couple of patients so far. Since therapeutic responses have been observed exclusively in cases exhibiting a pathogenetically important serum factor, plasmapheresis seems to work specifically by elimination of this photoallergen. It is easy to demonstrate a serum factor by in vitro irradiation of the patient's serum and subsequent autologous reinjection into the skin, inducing the generation of wheals. In contrast to transfer tests, this method does not bear the risk of HIV infection. In view of the extreme difficulty in administering conventional therapy for solar urticaria, the present encouraging results suggest that plasmapheresis should be considered in patients who show a serum factor.
Hautarzt 1989 Sep
PMID:[Plasmapheresis in light urticaria. A rational therapy concept in cases with a proven serum factor]. 280 15

Ketotifen, an inhibitor of the mastocytes degranulation is used in the treatment of allergic asthma. The use of this drug in chronic urticaria is proposed because histamine play a major role in the production of the lesions. In this study, 36 patients with chronic urticaria of various aetiology are treated with ketotifen (2 mg/d). 12 patients were healed, 11 good results and 12 failure were obtained. The best results are obtained in cold urticaria and in food related urticaria. This result were compared with data concerning the treatment of chronic urticaria.
Allerg Immunol (Paris) 1986 Sep
PMID:[Treatment of chronic urticaria with ketotifen]. 289 35


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