Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The practical clinical problem of evaluating the significance of positive dermal tests is present in daily in vivo diagnoses in allergology and clinical immunology. Our research was aimed at a comparison of the two methods of dermal tests, namely, intradermal (i.d.) and prick tests, based on a sample of the most common allergenics in the Zadar region. The intradermal method was applied to a group of 664 patients, the prick test was used in a group of 641 patients, and 60 patients were examined using both methods. In the tests allergens from extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, tree, weeds and grass pollens, dust, feathers, eggs, milk, flour, meat and fish from the Zagreb Institute of Immunology were used. A solution of histamine chloride and buffer saline containing 50% glycerol, prepared by the same Institute was used as a control. We considered a positive reaction to the intradermal test to have occurred when an urticaria of 5 or more mm radius with surrounding inflammation developed. A reaction to the prick method was considered to have taken place when an urticaria of 3 or more mm radius, together with surrounding inflammation resulted. A positive reaction was shown in 30% of those to whom the prick test was applied, and in 32% of those to whom intradermal tests were used, which represents 0.11-0.13% of the total adult population of the region of Zadar. A positive reaction to a single allergen was shown in 43% of the patients tested by i.d. test, and in 52% of the patients tested with the prick method. The most common oversensitivity with both methods was shown to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (86% i.d., and 56% prick, respectively). Among the pollen allergenics the most common reaction was to grass pollen (47% i.d., 65% prick). With patients who were tested with both methods (60 patients), there were also differences in results. An equal dermal reaction to both tests was shown in 32% of the patients, minor differences were present in 45%, and significant differences occurred with 23% of the patients. Regarding Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, it is shown that the positive dermal reaction was statistically significantly larger with patients tested with i.d. than when the prick test was used (chi 2 = 17.39, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods regarding the allergenics of pollen and feather. These results lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to uniform the conditions for allergological tests. This implies the use of standardized allergenic preparations of similar concentrations, the selection of a uniform method and technique for testing, and compliance with other relevant factors.
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PMID:[Comparison of intradermal and prick tests based on samples of the most common allergens in the Zadar region]. 853 57

The effectiveness of two lures for trapping the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, by means of in-hive traps was tested by field trials in apiaries located in Florida, Delaware, and Pennsylvania during 2003-2005. Both lures included a mixture (pollen dough) consisting of bee pollen and commercial pollen substitute formulated with or without glycerol and honey. Before it was used in the traps, the dough was conditioned either by the feeding of adult small hive beetles or by inoculation with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri (NRRL Y-30722). Traps baited with conditioned dough captured significantly more beetles than unbaited traps, and traps positioned under the bottom board of a hive captured significantly more beetles than traps located at the top of a hive. In fact, baited in-hive bottom board traps nearly eliminated the beetles from colonies at a pollination site in Florida. However, when these honey bee colonies were moved to an apiary, trap catch increased markedly over time, indicating a resurgence of the beetle population produced by immigration of beetles from nearby hives or emerging from the soil. In tests at three Florida apiaries during 2006, yeast-inoculated dough baited bottom board traps captured significantly more beetles than unbaited traps, showing the effectiveness of yeast-inoculated dough as a lure and its potential as a tool in managing the small hive beetle.
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PMID:Trapping of Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies with an in-hive baited trap. 1828 23

The panoply of products used by hair care professionals to wash, dye, shape and beautify hair is not entirely free from adverse events. Such effects consist mainly of irritation dermatitis and allergic contact eczema affecting the scalp, as well as the back and front of the neck, the forehead and periorbital areas, and the cheeks. The most frequently cited allergens include paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dyes, glycerol monothioglycolate (GMTG) in acid perm lotions, and ammonium persulphate in hair lighteners (the latter substance being responsible primarily for contact urticaria). However, care should also be paid to other allergens such as cocamidopropyl betaine among surfactants, as well as certain components in hair formulations such as preservatives and fragrances (as well as minoxidil, frequently used by patients).
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PMID:[Adverse effects of hair care in users]. 2995 96

The effect of three common emulsifiers and some fatty components of dermatological vehicles on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and on percutaneous penetration was studied. The emulsifiers tested were 20% cetostearol in ethanol, 20% sorbitan sesquioleate in ethanol and 2% glycerol monostearate in chloroform. The oily components were jojoba oil and Ceridal skin oil (Rhone Poulenc) undiluted and 2% cholesterol in ether. The test substances were applied twice daily on the back skin of the subjects for 3-7 days. Cetostearol increased TEWL in both atopic and non-atopic subjects. Sorbitan sesquioleate did the same in non-atopics but not in atopics. The other substances tested did not influence TEWL significantly. In the non-immunological contact urticaria (NICU) test with 250 mM benzoic acid (BA), the non-atopics, but not the atopics, showed significantly stronger reactions in the areas treated with sorbitan sesquioleate than in other test areas. In another study, the emulsifiers and cholesterol were mixed with petrolatum at a ratio of 20:80. These mixtures did not alter TEWL, nor did they increase the skin reaction to BA in the NICU test. The results suggest that, of the many components of dermatological vehicles, at least cetostearol and sorbitan sesquioleate may influence the barrier function of the stratum corneum.
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PMID:Effects of ingredients of dermatological vehicles on transpidermal water loss and percutaneous penetration: I. Oils and emulsifiers. 3194 17