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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A gas chromatographic method was developed for the determination of L-menthol in honey at levels as low as 0.1 ppm. The method includes steam distillation and hexane extraction with an internal standard (2,6-dimethylphenol). Beehives treated to control Acarapis woodi over 21 days with 30-60 g L-menthol contained L-menthol residues in honey and beeswax. L-Menthol was found only in treated portions of the hive and not later transferred to added honey supers. The highest levels of residues in honey (18 ppm) and beeswax (2790 ppm) were found when pure L-menthol was adsorbed into foam strips placed on top of the hives. L-Menthol residues in honey were not reduced by storage in open containers at room temperature for up to 55 days. Untrained panelists could not detect L-menthol in honey until the levels approached 36 ppm.
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PMID:Determination of menthol in honey by gas chromatography. 828 69

The introduction of parasitic honey bee mites, the tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi (Rennie) in 1984 and the Varroa mite, Varroa jacobsoni, in 1987, has dramatically increased the winter mortality of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies in many areas of the United States. Some beekeepers have minimized their losses by routinely treating their colonies with menthol, currently the only Environmental Protection Agency-approved and available chemical for tracheal mite control. Menthol is also expensive and can interfere with honey harvesting. Because of inadequate sampling techniques and a lack of information concerning treatment, this routine treatment strategy has increased the possibility that tracheal mites will develop resistance to menthol. It is important to establish economic thresholds and treat colonies with menthol only when treatment is warranted rather than treating all colonies regardless of infestation level. The use of sequential sampling may reduce the amount of time and effort expended in examining individual colonies and determining if treatment is necessary. Sequential sampling also allows statistically based estimates of the percentage of bees in standard Langstroth hives infested with mites while controlling for the possibility of incorrectly assessing the amount of infestation. On the average, sequential sampling plans require fewer observations (bees) to reach a decision for specified probabilities of type I and type II errors than are required for fixed sampling plans, especially when the proportion of infested bees is either very low or very high. We developed a sequential sampling decision plan to allow the user to choose specific economic injury levels and the probability of making type I and type II errors which can result inconsiderable savings in time, labor and expense.
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PMID:A sequential sampling scheme for detecting infestation levels of tracheal mites (Heterostigmata: Tarsonemidae) in honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies. 1090 98